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26X 


30X 


X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


re 

I6tails 
9S  du 
nodifier 
9r  une 
ilmage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
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Q 

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les 


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e 


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par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
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plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commengant  par  ia 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  teiie 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup^rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'imagas  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


r  errata 
d  to 

It 

le  pel u re, 

;on  d 


n 


1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

NtMnMBtm^unk"" 


-'-:^^, 


J 
JAMES' 


TRAVELERS  COMPANION: 


IDNB  A  COHPUTI 


GUIDE  THROUGH  THE  WEST  AND  SOUTH. 


GULF  OF  MEXICO  AND  THE  PACIFIC,'  , ,  , 

(VIA   THE   RAILROADS,    LAKES,    RIVERS,    CANALS,   ETC.,/ 

WITH   HltTOBICAI,   N0TK8,   STATISTICAL  TABUS,   AND  A  VAST  AMOVNT 
•«  OF  OKNERAL   INFORMATION,     ,,  , 

(with  numerous  illustrations.) 

10  WHIOB  IB  ADDED,  A  KIW  AlfD  COMPLFTl 

RAIL  ROAD  AND  ROUTE  BOOK.,,, 

f  OUIttAliniCO  THJ  FBWOIPAL  RAIUOAD,  •TIAMBOAT,  ANB  ITASI   BOUHS  tH  TO 

W1»I  AMD  lODTH,  TBI  lOUTU  TO  ORISON,  WITH  IHEIK  BUriOUTa 

BUTAKOIl,  no. 

eje  tDtoIe  jerouflfit  Bolon  to  tje  present  e^nrt.t^"'" 

CINCINNATI:      V"«^}iV' •  ' 
PUBLISHED  BY  J.   A.   k   U.  P.  JAMBS, 
-      NO.   1(17   WALNUT   STBXKT. 

1863. 


jolJHteSs,. 


"■  *s^. 


A     0.    JAMIB,    8TBRI0ITVIB, 
ir  Wilnul  Bt-.  ClncinoiU. 


*».>* 


^*'>**^fe»«a»'^**^** 


;jM  jfliJ¥f'^-'--' ....ilBfc^fcfcfcMa. 


^ 

f^ 


t^.n,~n.    S^-f 


prfM,  In  the  year  185». 

JAMES, 

t  of  thB  United  States,  for  the 

ihlo. 


•J*^ 


'■a.,jHi 


(4 


4 


PREFACE, 


iJiSfiSaK^on 


The  design  of  this  work  is  to  take  a  wider  range  than  a  mere 
Guide  Book,  indicating  routes  and  distances  only.  Its  object  is, 
while  affording  all  the  necessary  information  upon  these  points, 
at  the  same  time  to  indicate  what  there  may  be,  of  a  novel  or 
interesting  character,  to  be  found  at  any  of  the  places  or  locations 
along  the  principal  thoroughfares,  likely  to  please  or  attract  the 
traveler,  thus  becoming  in  reality  a  pleasing,  as  well  as  instruct- 
ive companion  to  the  tourist. 

This  work  was  first  issued  in  1851,  since  which  the  entire  West 
and  South  have  advanced  with  rapid  strides  in  the  march  of  im- 
provement. Their  vast  resources  have  begun  to  be  developed ; 
liundreds  of  miles  of  road  are  now  traversed  by  the  Iron  Hortt, 
and  thriving  towns  are  to  be  found  where,  five  years  since,  the 
country  was  a  wilderness.  This  increase  in  the  facility  of  trans- 
portation has  proportionately  increased  the  amount  of  travel,  and 
has  made  a  new  edition  of  this  work  necessary,  to  keep  up  with 
the  times;  it  has  c6nsequently  been  thoroughly  revised  and  cor- 
rected, and  a  large  amount  of  railway  information  added,  making 
it  one  of  the  most  reliable  Guide  Books  ever  issued. 

For  convenience  of  reference  it  has  been  divided  into  two  parts. 
The  second  part,  called  the  Railroad  and  Route  Book,  contain- 
ing the  Routes,  Distances,  Fakes,  &c.,  &c.,  on  all  the  Raaroads, 
Steamboats,  &c.,  throughout  tLr  West  and  South.  When  route* 
and  distances  from  place  to  place  are  sought,  the  second  part  of 
the  work  should  be  consulted. 

Cincinnati,  December,  1852. 


.  ijMfeaii!»gMi'-«'i»<i'W^'WiWftillteB!lWLiy.i.NliaiJJ(  <)iaw«iJ'ij!fi^>W 


T 


« 

PANI 

Uooi 
worl 


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,.-,  ,u-<.5.»:' 


.      .  'iM  ,4'^ce' 


Abci 
Akn 
AP- 
Alei 
Aid 
Alle 
Alto 
Alto 
Amc 
Amr 
Arki 
Arrc 
AshI 
Ashi 
Aiipi 
Atbi 
Aug 
Aug 
Aur 

Bail' 
Hail 
Bald 
Batt 
Bate 
Batt 
Bay( 
Bayi 
Bav< 
B«ai 
Beai 
Bea' 
Belt 
Bel! 
B«ll 


^X'afta^*^-'  ■-'-^-  -m'*^>*Ai.M.i«wit»8'i'i»'"'-^**-**  .■»».. -.ii^Sfr* 


INDEX 

TO 

TRAVELERS'    COMPANION, 


AND 


RAIL  ROAD  AND  ROUTE  BOOK. 


Vg'thejlnt  rolunm  of  flgurps  refers  to  the  paqe  of  ihe  Travileb's  Com- 
panion. Tbu  Mcond  culumn  referH  to  th«  bout£  Id  the  Kailroao  kin>  Roun 
UooK. 

For  a  more  extended  Index  of  Plans,  Bee  Route  Book  at  the  end  of  thia 

work. 


Aberdeen,  0. 

Akroi,  O. 

AP-  ly.  III. 

Alexiindira,  Ky. 

Alexandriii,  I*. 

AlleghKiiy  City,  P». 

Alton,  111. 

Alton,  la. 

America,  111. 

Amsterdam,  la.  ■  •  • . 
Arkansas  Host,  Ark- 
Arrow  Kook,  Mo.  •  • . 

Ashland,  Ky. 

Ashport.  Tenn. 

Afipiuwall,  N.  a.  •  ■  ■ 

Athens,  0. 

Augusta,  Ky 

Augusta,  III. 

Aurora,  la. 


Bailey's  Landing,  Mo.-  ■  • 

Hainbridge,  Mo. . " 

BaldwinsTille,  Mo. 

BateSTille,  la 

Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Battle  Ground,  La. 

Bayou  Hierre,  Miss 

Bayou  La  Fourche,  La.  ■ 

Bayou  Sara,  La. 

Beardstowu,  III. 

Bearfield  Landing,  Miss. 

Bearer,  Pa. 

Belgrade,  IH. 

BelleTtew,  K7 

BelleTue,  Iowa 


Am.  Roe'e. 
..UU   64 


.1U9 

•  17 
.118 
.  42 
.  70 
.  U 

140 
.167 

■  140 
.  36 
.186 
.131 
.  32 
.  62 
.  90 
.106 
.168 
■12s 

•  23 

•  29 
.  30 
•143 
.  45   69 

•  62   60 

■  89   69 

■  46 

.  43   69 

■  168 
.  31 
.  76 
.161 
.126 

•  17 


64 
129 
66 
65 
66 
63 
62 


165 

64 
61 
64 

67 
67 
67 
66 


BellcTiio,  Mo. ■  ■ 

llelleTiuc,  Va. 

Relinont,  Ky. 

Belpre.O. 

Bethany,  Va. 

Bethlehem,  la.    

Big  Bone  Lick  Creek,  Ky. 

Big  Crave  Creek 

Birmingham,  Pa. 

Birmingham,  Miss. 

Bla<:k  Koi  k,  N.  Y. 

Itlannerhafuwts  Island,... 

Bloody  Ifiaud,  Mo. 

Bolivar,  Miss.    

Bon  Harbor,  Ky. 

Bonnetce  Carre,  Ch.,  La.  ■ 

Boonesbom,  Ky.  

Booneviile,  Mo. 

Bre-tdock's  Field,  Pa.  •  .•  • 

Brandenburg,  Ky.  •  • 

Bridgeport,  lU. 

^Bridgeport,  0. 

Bridgewater,  III 

Brownsville,  Pa. 

Brunswick,  Mo. 

Buffalo,  N.y. 

Burlington,  Iowa 

Burlington,  0. 


Cahokia,  ni.  •  •  • 

Cairo,  III 

Caledonia,  III... 
CalUbmta,  O.-.. 
Camanche,  Ho.- 
Camden,  Ho.-  ■■ 


FMC.  Roata. 
. -ICO      66 


00 
.106 
.  88 
■  79 
■135 
•127 

83 


■188 
.  88 

■  26 
.  36 
.144 

•  46 
•131 
■166 

•  «T 
.140 
.171 

■  83 
.  27 

..  «6 

•  164 
•184 

■  20 
.  86 


64 
64 
64 
64 
66 
66 
64 
64 
69 

64 
57 
69 
66 
69 

62 

«5 

61 
64 
68 

62 

72 
6.' 

■;<■ 


26      b!< 
29      5!> 


■  167 
•106 


66 
04 


i' 


i 


21      61 
164      03 


;«i^.f*lSl.i^«»SiS»*«ri«*<«» 


K 


'\f 


H 


u 


tif 


iv\ 


VI 


INDKX. 


I'lfp.  Route. 


Ciimi'l'cUBvUIi),  I.«. lij 

Catmi'lUtn,  la l-*- 

Ciipi"  (liranli'ttu,  Mo. 'J'' 

CiirnnJi-lct,  Mo j-T 

Carrulltoii,  Ky. lUS 

CarrollUiii,  La ^0 

('anliaKc,  La. 38 

L'uspvvilli',  Ky. IM 

Ca*«vill.-,Wi». 15 

Catlctlnliuri?,  Ky >•* 

Cuvi-iu-Uork,  111. 

Contorvilli',  Va. 

OlinKiin,  N.(J.  

CharlcKt™,  Ky. 

Charlcetoii  LauJing,  la. 

CllBKtlT,  111. 

Chieat?t>i  III. 

L'liii-kadaw  Dluffs,  Mis*.  ■ 
Clilllloothe,  O. 


CliiUicotlie,  111. 

Chilo,  O 

Cliippowa,  C.  W.-.-- 

Cl.Vl'lNS.\TI,  O. 

CircleTillo,  0 

OlaiiiiKtuii,  0 

Clnrkulnirish,  Va.--- 

OlarkBOii,  111 

ClarksvUlc,  Mo. 

Cleveland,  O. 

Clovnrpott,  Ky. .  ••• 

Coal  Port,  0. 

Coliurc,  C.  W. ■ 

Columbia  Ark 

Columlilii,  O. 

Columbia,  .Mo. 

Colmnbud,  Ky. 

Columbua,  0. 

Commerce,  Mo.  •  •  •  • 
Commerce,  Mius.  •  *  • 

Conconl,  Ky 

Courorditt,  Ky. 

CosboctOD,  O.  

Council  BlulTs,  Mo. 
CouDOll  I'oint,  Mo.. 
CoTlDgton,  Ky..-'  • 
Cumberland,  Mil.-- 


DanTillc,  Ky. 

UuTcnport,  Iowa 

Dayton,  0. 

Defiance,  0. ' 

Delta,  Ml»l 

Den  Plaluos.  111. 

Detroit,  Jlich. 

Devil'a  Date  Oven,  Mo- 
Peril's  Tea  Table,  Mo-  ■ 


«a 

84 

(>2 
104 
lUl 

28 
171 

iVi 
'  98 


.16tf 
.105 
.  .1H8 
..109 
. .   09 

■  ■  84 
.  (U 
•  ■ITO 

■  23 
..181 
-.141 

..  oa 

..192 
..  30 
..106 
.■166 
..  30 
..100 
..  20 
..  33 
.-103 
.141 
. .  86 
.-159 
..160 
..118 
..  74 


69 
(l.i 
M 
6S 
6.') 
!tV 
60 
i,h 
67 
(U 
6u 
64 
6li 
&t 
06 
58 
124 

^9 

Bl 
64 


DoniililKonTiUe,  Im. 
DoTi-r,  Ky 
Dn-Mleii,  111 
Diitiui|iie,  Iowa 
Dunkirk,  N.  V 

Economy,  Pa. 
KlIzalM-thtnwn,  HI. 
Eliialji'thtowu,  Pa, 
ElizttUtlitown,  Va, 
Kills' Cliirs,  MlK8, 
Kngliah  Turn,  I 
Kri(S  Pa, 

Kiwulni>ia,  SiiriiigK,  Ky. 
Kntir|iri»i' 
Evanaville,  la. 


Knlrchilil's  Crock,  MIm. 

Kainnont,  Va. 

Kttirport,  0. 

Fairview,  I.B. 

Kullaof  St.  Anthony. 


.  30 
.  64 
■  183 
.  41 
.10 

Florence,  Ala. 158 

Fort  Bowycr,  l^a. 69 

"    Clinton,  O. 179 

"    CliartreB,  111. 27 

"    Crawford 15 

'<     Erie 186 

"    Gaines 10 

"    UarriHOu,  la. 161 

"     Henry,  Pa. 82 

"    Leaven  worth.  Mo. 161 

-  .20 

.182 
.  U 
.  67 
-  67 
.  18 
.129 


"    Mudison,  Iowa  - 

**    Niagara 

"    Pnelliug ' 

"    8t.  Leon,  La.  ■ . 
<<    Bt.  Philip,  La." 

Frankford,  Iowa 

Frankfort,  Ky. 


66 !  Franklin,  Pa, 


■  139 

■  18 
.123 

124 

■  »4 
•171 

■  178 

■  28 
29 


66 

bi 
62 
64 
79 

133 
67 
94 

69 
61 
124 
68 
68 


Franklin,  .Mo.  -  •  ■ 

Freedom,  Pa. 

Fri'donia,  !».•-■• 

Freeport,  Pa. 

Fremont.  O...   - 

Fulton,  0. 

Fulton,  Tenn.-.^ 
Fulton  City,  111.- 


Oalena,  111. 

Oallipolis,  0 

Oalvestoii,  Texas,- 
Georgetovn,  Pa.- . 

Ohont,  Ky. 

Gla8gow,0. 

Glasgow,  Mo, 


.168 

•  76 
■  140 

•  70 
.180 

109 
.  32 
.  IT 

.  16 
.  93 
.  60 
.  77 
.128 

•  •  77 

•Its 


69 
67 
60 


98 
67 


67 


62 
67 

57 
«0 
60 
67 
68 
64 
62 
64 

es 

64 

84 
69 
67 

28 

64 
61 
64 
06 
84 
82 


H.nmhi 
Hnniill 
Haniill 
Hanipt 
Hangii 
Uannii 
Hanuv 
Ilarme 
Har|i«i 
Hnrris 
llarroi 
Havau 
Ha\vi;K 
Hibroi 
llclcuf 
Hende 
Ilenne 
Henry 
IIer<'Ul 
Hermu 
Hil^rii 
Hickm 
HiK'iiin 
Hillau 
Home 
HorHes 

Ibervil 
Illinoii 
Illinoii 
Indepe 
Indi-pc 
Indian 
ludufit 
Iowa  r 
Itasca 

Jarkso 
JacKso 
JamesI 
JefTent 
JefTerR 
Jcffers 


^iH,i  pi^^**«<y«i>>fti*-iia«!JMiitiMn,",ni<lf 


Hge,  Rwt*^. 

ilTOiiTillo,  La. W  W 

,  Kv. 104  t>4 

'■../111 no  01 

iiie,  lows 10  67 

irk,  N.  y. m  81 

roy,r». 76  64 

M'thtown,  111. 154  65 

;ithtowu,  I'a. 83  64 

Hthtowii,  Va. 75  64 

OlilTs,  Mi«a 41  69 

nil  Turn,  La. 67  «0 

I>i,  183  83 

iipia,  Si.riiiKi.,  Ky. 103 

lirixi-,  la. 144  85 

irillc,  la. 148  65 

liild's  Crock,  MIm 39 

lont,  Va. 64 

ort.O. 183 

i«iv,  La. 41  69 

of  St.  Anthony 10  57 

nee,  Ala. 158  69 

Bowycr,  La. 59 

Clinton,  O. 179 

Clmrtrt'B,  111. 27  58 

CrawfoiU 15  57 

Krie 188 

Oalnes 10  67 

llarriHOu,  la. 151 

Henry,  I'a. 82 

Lcavunworth,  Mo. 161  62 

MuUiflon,  Iowa 20  67 

Niagara 192 

Snelliug 11  67 

St.  Leon,  La. 67  60 

St.  I'liilip,  La. 67  60 

kford,  Iowa 16  57 

kfort,Ky. 129  68 

klin,  Fa. 69  64 

kiln,  .Mo. 165  62 

lom,  Va. 76  64 

onia,  la. 140  65 

port.  Pa. 70  64 

jout.0. 190 

on,0. 109  64 

ou,  Teun. 32  69 

on  City.IU 17  67 

nB,lll. 16  28 

ipoli8,0 83  64 

estoH,  Texas, 60  51 

vutov  n,  I'a. 77  64 

irt,Ky. 128  65 

g<;w,0. 77  64 

gow.Mo. .....166  ea 


INDKX. 


Til 


Hf-  Route. 

Oolrnmla,  III    1&4  "'l 

llraliHin'ii  Station,  0 01  •*+ 

(Jraml  IllulT,  .MUn. 39  5j 

(inu)cl  Haven,  Mich. 173 

(Iranil  Lake  Landing 36  fiO 

(Iraiid  Tower,  Mo 28  fi- 

Oreensburg,  Pa 06  1'^ 

Oreeinburn,  Ky. 95  «4 

OreonTlUe  Mim. 30  59 

Orlgi!«Tille,  111. 168  HI 

Griawold,  .Mo. 1«7  62 

Guyandottc,  V». 83  64 

Hamburg,  111 23  57 

llnniilton,  0 122  »4 

Hamilton,  Ky 127  05 

Hampton,  111. 18  M 

Hanging  Uock,  O. 95  64 

Hannibal  Mo. 23  57 

Ilanorur,  la. 135  66 

llarniar,  0. 85  84 

Ilariwr's  Ferry,  Va. 74  7B 

Harrison,  Mo. 27  57 

liarrod«burg  Springs,  Ky.  .-139 

llavanna,  VV.  I. «» 

llaweKville,  Ky 142  63 

Helirou,  0. 99 

Helena  Ark 83  60 

Henderson,  Ky. 149  65 

Hennepin,  111. 169  61 

Henry,  111. 169  61 

Ilenulaueum,  Mo 27  57 

Herman,  Mo. 167  62 

lllU'rnla,  .Mo 166  62 

Hickman,Ky 30  69 

Higginsport,  0 105  64 

HiUaman,  III. 167  05 

Home  City,  0 126  66 

Horseshoe  Bend 34  59 

Iberville,  La 45  69 

Illinois  Town,  111 26  67 

Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  170 

Independence,  Mo 163  62 

Independence,  Ky 120 

Indianapolis,  la 134  102 

Industry,  0 125  65 

IowaPoint.Mo 160  62 

Itasca  Lake 9  67 

Jackson,  Miss. 88  42 

Jackson,  La. 44 

Jamestown,  Ky. 109  65 

Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo. 27  58 

Jefferson  City,  Mo. 166  62 

Jefferionrllle,  I». 138  66 


Ttrn.  Route. 

.loUct.Ill. liO  121 

KRpio.ia,Min 12  6T 

KiinKa",  Ml)  162  62 

Kat.knskla,  111 28  58 

KeltliJtbiirg,  111 20  67 

Kfoknk,  Iowa 21  67 

KiiigKlon,  0.  W 193 

KitUuiug,  Pa 69  64 

Laoon,  Til 160  61 

Lacro.««e,   Wis 14  67 

Lufiiyettc  City,  La 46  50 

Lafayette,  In 150  108 

Lntfratige,  Mo 23  61 

Lake  Providence,  La 37  69 

Lasnlle,  111 170  61 

l.atonia  Springs,  Ky 120 

Lavanna.  O 104  64 

LHwrcneelmrg,  la 128  66 

Lawrcnceville,   I'a 70  64 

l*avenwurth,   la 140  6A 

Le  Clare,  Iowa 18  5T 

LeTartxriile.0 91  64 

Lewisport,  Ky 143  8t 

Lewiston,  N.  V. 191 

l«wi8ton,  0  -, 109  64 

Lexington,  Ky. 130  120 

I^xington,   .Mo 164  62 

Liberty,  .Mo 163  62 

Little  Platte  Landing,  Mo.  "  161  62 

Little  Prairie,  Mo 31  67 

Liverpool,  0  77  64 

Livingston,  Mo 163  62 

Loikland,  0 121 

lockport,  III 171  61 

Louisiana,  .Mo 23  57 

Ix>uisville,  Ky    138  66 

Lower  Sandusky,  0 180  84 

Lyons,  Iowa 17  ^  67 

LAKts. 

Lake  Erie 177 

"     Huron 176 

"    Itasca 0 

"    Michigan 172 

"    Ontario 192 

"     Pepin 13 

"     St.  Clair  ...»> 176 

•'    St.  Croix 18 

"    Superior 172 

Madison,  la 138  103 

Mackinac 174  1 

Msokinac  Strait 173  1 

Munmoth  Cava,  Ky 146  20 


mf■i^^tfiti^^^^ 


,.-,';»JJ.:m<fa*S..-»a.^%W«lfe<i<«».»«»lii  ii1tMll-l|H[i||!H,|t^)j., 


Tiii 


INDKX. 


PifR.  Rnnrt. 


Hanchiie,  La. 

Maiirhenter.  O'  •• 
Manltouai',  Wl«-  • 

Murli'tta.  O 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion  City,  Mo- 
Marxeillo^  III  " 
Martlniivmo,  O- 

Masmilon,  O 

Mauc'kiiort,  Ky.-- 

Maxvillis^tt 

MajHvillH,  Ky-- 
Memphifi,  Ti'UO' ' 
MereUonla,  111.-  •• 
Metro|ioliii,  111--- 
Miami  Canal,  ()>< 

Mlililuan  City,  la 1T2     I'Jfl 

Mliliiliport,   O----  

Jlhlilli-town,  I'a--. 

Mill  Crwk,  0 

Mtllorsburg,  la- . 
MlUernport,  0  -• 
Mill!ki.'UKTlll>>,  La 

Milton,  Ky 

Hllwaukio,  Wli-  - 

Mobile,  Ala 

Hollno,   111 


•  103 
.173 
■  84 
.|ntt 

•  ^3 
•170 

•  '0 

•  100 

•  140 

•  143 

•  103 
.  33 

•  1»« 

•  137 

■\n 


■  75 
.l'i4 
■VS! 

•  03 

•  37 

■  135 

•  173 

•  68 
19 


Now  London,  la 
Ni'W  Orlwans,  I 
Ni>w  I'hilvlelj'liia,  0 
.Nc«|.ort,  (I 
Ni'wpnrl,  Ky 
Ninv  111.  liniond,  O 
Ni'W  Vork-  O 
Ni'Villn,  I) 
NinK^ira  Kalln 
Noieway  City,  Mo 
Xoifnlk,  Mini 
North  Uenil,  O 
Nortlnimpton,  la 

Ohio  City,  0 
Ohio  City,  Mo 
Ohio  Cainil- 
Olil  .li-fltiriion.  Mo 
Olcuii.  N.  Y 
Oi|Uuwka,   111 
Osceola,  Ark 
Otiwi-^o,  N.  V 
Ottawa,  111 
Qwi'naboro,  Ky 
OwcnH  Landing,  Mo 
Oxford,  0 


Monroo,  Mich 1T9  lifl 

Montvzunia,  ill  168  61 

MontKomury,  Ala 48  47 

Montgomery,  Ark 34  69 

WontroBC,  Iowa ii"  5' 

Hounttiia  Inland 14  6" 

Mount  Vernon,  la 149  66 

Morrisi,  III I'D  61 

Moscow,  O  •.      105  64 

Jlurrayiville,  V» 9i  64 

HuBcatine,  Iowa 19  57 

NapUii,  111 168  120 

Napoleon,  Ark. 38  60 

NaU'hlt-ochoa,   La 42 

Nat«hei,  MiM 39 

Na«hrillc,  Iowa 22 

KaahTllle,    Mo 166 

NaahTllle.  Teun 

NauTOO,  111 

NBwburgh,  la 144 

New  Albany,  la 138  111 

Newark,  0 99  92 

New  Boston,   lU 19  67 

New  Buffalo,  Mkh 173  120 

New  GeneTa,  Pa 66  C4 

Naw  Harmony,  la 162 

NowMadrid.Mo 81  67 

Naw  MartlnaTiUe,  Ta 84  64 


69 
67 
62 

•153  137 
•  21  67 
65 


Paduonb,  Ky- 
Pnlutine.  Va. 
I'al>.iitinc,  0- 
Paiiuma,  N.G 
Parkernburg,  Va^ 

I'arkvllle,  Mo 

Patriot,  la^ 
Pekin,  111- 
Pensacoln,  Florida' 
Peoriu,  III- 
Peru,  111 
PetemViurgli,  Ky^ 
Peyton,   MIsb 
Pii-kering,  Tenn. 
Plnckucy,  Mo- 
Plqua,  O^ 
Pittsburgh.  Pa- 
PlB(|nemine,  La- 
Plum  Point,  Ark- 
Point  Chicot,  Ark- 
Point  Coupee,  La- 
Point  Douglaiiii,  Min- 
Point  IsaU'l,  la- 
Point  Pleasant.  Ark- 
Point  Pleaaant,  La- 
Point  Pleasant,  0 105 

Point  Pleaaant,  Va 93 

Pomeroy.O  91 

Port  Adams,  Min 41 


Pife.  Rout* 

nndon,  Ts 134  86 

rl«ans,  l.a ♦"  W 

hilwlflpliia,  0 M 

rl,(> 8*  M 

rl,  Kv 117  64 

l.liDHmil,  O 106  M 

ork.  O l!W  » 

.,  o 10&  64 

n  KbIIk 189 

iiy  City,  Mo 160  M 

k,  MiM 33  M 

U^iid.O 126  J» 

impton,  la 1*0  66 

Mty,0 H3 

ily.  Mo 29  67 

»iml »0 

ireriioii,  Mo 166  Oa 

S.  Y. 69  71 

fkm   III 20  67 

II,  Ark 32  69 

o.N.V. 193 

,,111 170  61 

Ixiro,  Ky 144  65 

1  Laiidiug,  Mo 164  62 

1,  0 122 

lib,  Ky 187  66 

lie.  Va 66  64 

iiic,  O 166  66 

iia,  N.O 62  156 

r«bur((,  Va 88 

iUe,  Mo 162  ea 

,t,la 127  66 

,  111 169  61 

coin,  Florida 60 

1,111 169  61 

111  109  61 

.burgli,  Ky 126  66 

n,   Mlsa  S3  69 

ring,  Tumi S3  69 

ucy,  Mo 167  63 

I,  0 124 

mrgh.Pa 71  64 

leniine.  La 46  69 

Point,  Ark 82  69 

Chicot,  Ark 86  69 

Coupee,  La 44  69 

,  DouglBsii,  Min 12  67 

IsalH'l,  la 144  65 

,  I'leaxaiit.  Arte 83  69 

.  Pkasant,  La 88  60 

,  Plttiwunt,  0 106  64 

,  Pleasant,  Va 93  64 

iroy.O  91  M 

Adams,  MiH 41  60 


INDEX. 


Port  Byron,  111 ■ 

Fori.  IludMn,  La 

Portland,  Mo 

IHirtland,  Ky 

Port  Mamnc,  III 

portuniouth,  0 

Prairie  du  Chlen,  Wis.  • 
Prairie  La  PorU^  Iowa- 

Pri'«tiin,  Ky 

Princeton,  Ming 

proctorvilo,  O. 

Providence,  La. 

Providence,  Mo. 


Qnconiiton,  0.  W.' 
Quincy,  HI. ' 


Pftf«.  Rout*. 
.  ■■  18  67 
. .  46 
...166 

..188 

•  •167 

•  •95 

•  •.   14 

•  ••  15 
•••133 
...  36 
...  96 
...  37 
•••166 


Kaccourd  Bend,  La.  •  •  •  ■ 

KaMuh,  Ky 

Uandolph,  Tcnn. 

lUuodlph,  Mo. 

Kavcnna,  111. 

Iliiveiuwood,  Va. 

Hi-il  Kock,  Min. 

Red  KlTer  Landing,  La.< 

ItidUleii  Point,  Mo. 

Biploy,  0. 

Klsing  Sun,  la. 

Kocklngham,  Iowa. 

Kock  Inland,  111. 

Kock  IdandCity,  III.-. 

Bockport,  la. 

Bock»pring,  Ky. 

Itockville,  0. 

Kodney,  MIm. 

Kumc.  0. 

Home,  la. 

BossvUIe,  0. 

S'Voal»,Ill. IT 

Sackette  Harbor,  y.Y. 193 

St.  Anthony's  Palls. 10 

Bt  Charles,  Mo. 187 

St.  Prancisvllle,  La. 44 

St.  Genevieve,  Mo. 28 

St.  Josephs  Mich. 173 

St.  Josephi,  Mo. 161 

St.  Joneph",  La. 39 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 25 

St.  Marys  Straits. 174 

St.  Pauls,  Min. H 

Sandusky  City,  O. 180 

Bauk  Bapids, 10 

Bault  do  St.  Marie. 175 

Savannah,  IIL 17 

garerton,  Mo. 28 


•191 

•  23 

•  43 

■  162 

•  32 
.166 

•  1R8 
.  91 
.  12 

■  43 
.  81 

104 
.126 

..  19 
.  IS 

..  19 

•  143 
..105 

•  •102 
.  •  39 

•  •103 
■  141 
..122 


67 

67 
66 
69 

61 
64 

60 

64 
66 
57 
67 
67 
66 
64 
64 
69 
64 
65 


Selma,  Mo. 

.sharpsburnh.  Pa...- 
Shawncetown,  111.  .• 

ShcBlcId,  O. 

.Hliipplngnport,  Ky..  • 

Shrcveport,  La. 

Sibley,  .Mo. 

.Slnaiwe, 

Sinking  Creek,  Ky.- 

Sistcrvllle,  Va. 

Smitliland  Ky. 

Sparta,  La. 

Springficlil,  Ky.  •  •  • . 

Sprinitflcia,  O. 

Springflcld,  111 

Stelnervillc,  O. 

StulKMiville,  0. 

Stephcnsport,  Ky.^^ 

StillwaU-r,  Min 

Stirling,  Ark. 

Summit.  III. 


67 

67 
62 
59 
68 

62 
69 

68 

57 
93 
67 
1 
57 
67 


Union  Town,  Ky.. 

Utica,Ia 

UUca,  IlL 


Vaneetmrg,  Ky.  • 

Vernon,  la. 

VeraCrui,  Vn.. 

Vevay,  la. 

Vlcksburg,  Miss.- 
Vletoria.Mlsg... 

Vldalla,La. 

Vienna,  Va^^ 


•  '^' 
..  70 
..152 

..  oa 

•  138 
.  42 
..164 
..  1« 
..141 
..  84 

•  166 

•  .  3S 
-.102 
.124 

•  •168 
..  84 
..  78 
..141 
..  12 
..  33 

•  171 


Talhula,  MiJS. 87 

Tcrre  Haute,  Is. 160 

Thninos  Point,  La. 46 

Thompsons  Creek,  La 44 

Toledo,  0. 179 

Toronto,  C.W. 192 

Traders  Point,  Mo. 160 

Trinity,  111. 167 

Troy,  Athens  CO.,  0. 89 

Troy,  Miami  co.,  0. 128 

Troy,  la. 143 

Tunica  Bend. 43 

TuBcumbia,  Alib 158 


.149 
.138 
•170 


...102 
...148 
..•  61 
...128 
...  88 
...  34 
...  41 
88 


VIncennes,  la. 151 

Virginia  Springs. 94 

Walcondn,  Ma 164 

Walnut  llills,  Mist. 38 

Warren.  Pa. 69 

Worrenton,  0. -  79 

Warrenton,  Miss. M 


i  ^-«vw  ^.^«&wwKW!Sdftf.  ft3rt**t*?p«rttt?* 


uc 


66 
65 


64 
66 
57 
64 
88 
120 
64 
64 
65 
67 
59 
61 

60 
144 
60 
50 
84 

6a 

61 
64 

66 

50 
144 

66 
66 

61 

64 

66 

66 
60 
50 
69 
64 
68 


63 
60 
64 

64 
60 


INDEX. 


1    i] 


Fage.  Rcu'e. 

W»r,aw,Ill. 21  57 

War«»w,  Ky. '27  M 

Wiisliiiigton,  Mo. I'H  0^ 

Wanhington,  Wis. 173 

Wfltorloo,  I.a. 44  59 

Waterloo,  C.  W. 188 

Wayno  City,  Mo. 102  fi2 

Wellington,  Mo. W  W 

Welldburgh,  Va. <  8  64 

WellSTiUe,  0. "  64 

West  Baton  Rouge,  I-a.  45  6« 

West  Franklin,  la. 149  66 

WeBtoDjMo. 161  02 


Fue.  Routa 

West  Point,  Ky. 140  65 

Wc.ftport,  Mo. 23  67 

Westport.  Ky. 13»  65 

Wheelersburgh,  0. B5  64 

Wbcflling,Va. T9  64 

Wilkinsontille,  111. IM  JI 

Worthington  Landing,  Miss.  88  69 

Yaioo  City,  Miss. 34 

Youngstown,  C.  W. 1»2 

ZanesTUle.O. 86  100 


U  I  V  K  R  S . 


Ht^  Route.  I 

..  m    «4| 


Alleghany,  Pa 

Anderson,  In 

Arkitnflns, 

Bad  Axe,  Wis 

Bearer,  Pa 

Big  Black,  Mias 

Big  Sandy,  Ky 

Blue,  la 

Blue,  Little,  la 

Chalton.Mo 

Chleanijuo,  Iowa 

Chippewa,  Wis 

Cumberland,  Tenn  •  •  • 

Dfs  Moines,  Miu 

Detroit,  Miih ••■ 

Fever,  111 

Qeseonade,  Mo 

Grand,  Mo 

Great  Kanawha,  Ky- 

Great  Miami,  O 125 

Green,Ky..    1*4 

Guyanilotte,  Va 9J 

Hatchee,Tenn 38 

Hockhoeking,  0 90 

Hoknh,  mn 14 

Homochitto,  Miss 41 

Illinois lOT 

Iowa 10 

Kanss.0,  Ind.  Territory 163 

Kentucky 129 

La  Mine,  Mo 165 

Licking,  Ky "8. 

Uttle  Kanawha,  Va 88 

Little  Sundy,  Ky 95 

Little  Miami,  O 106 

UttlB  Platte,  low* 188 


.14.3 
.  35 
.  14 
■  76 
.  38 
.  95 
.140 
•  140 
.105 
..  20 
.  13 
.154 
..  22 
..176 
.  16 
..167 
..154 
92 


66 
63 


67 


Ttp,  RoDto. 
••    17 
..  14 
•  .  87 
28 


JIakoqueta,  Iowa 
Manixka,  .Min.  ■. 
.Miiramec,   Mo. .  ■ 

Mary's,  III 

Missouri 168      63 

Jlonnngaliela,  Pa 64 

Muddy,  111 29 

Muskingum,  0 86 

Niagara.  - 186 

Obion,  Tenn 81 

Ohio 89      64 

Osage,  Mo 166 

Platte,  Mo 160 

Uaccoon,  Wis    14 

Red,  Ark 41 

Kock.  Wis 19 

Hum,  Wis 10 

Salt  RiTer,  Mo 83 

Salt  River,  Ky 139 

Sappah,  Wis 14 

St.  Clair,  Mich 175 

St.Croix,  Wis la- 
st. Francis,  Wis 83 

Scioto,  0 100 


61 


Shade,  O 

Swan,  Min 

Tennessee 

Upper  Iowa,  Mia... 
Vermillion,  Min. . . . 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wapsiplnicon,  Iowa- 

Wazi'Ozu,  Mia 

White,  .Mo 

Wisconsin 

Yazoo,  Miss 


91 
10 

150 
14 
13 

149 
17 
14 
85 

.  16 

.  84 


eg 


.j*,-#n.i!i."MF*A 


FI 


I 

ami 
Frei 
in  1 
cpo 
con 
of  I 
mal 
of  I 

and 
niei 
S 
All 
scq 
me 
an( 
He 
lal< 
yei 
nic 
thi 
tw< 
th( 
an 
itu 
Fr 
fix 
be 


Fan.  Routs 

oint,  Ky. HO  65 

rt.Mo. 23  6T 

pt,  Ky. 136  65 

rsburgh,  0. Bft  M 

„g,V«.  ■ 79  64 

.niiTille,  111. 157  61 

Dgton  Landiug,  Miss.  88  69 

City,  Miss. 34 

itown,C.  W. IM 

llle,0. 86  100 


Fa(a.  BoDta. 

iieta,  Iowa 17 

a,  Min 14 

ec,   Mo 37 

,  III 28 

r! 158      62 

gahela.  Pa 64 

,111  /. 29 

igum,  0 86 

ft-   186 

Tenn. 81 

89      64 

Mo IfiO 

Mo 160 

,11,  Wis    14 

rk 41 

Wis 19 

Wis 10 

liTer,  Mo 83 

Ivor,  Ky 139 

li.  Wis 14 

lir,  Miih 175 

ix,  Wis 12- 

incls,  Wis 83 

,  0 100 

,  0 81 

Miu 10 

ssen 156      69 

Iowa,  Min 14 

lUion,  MIq 18 

8h,  Ind 149      68 

iptnicon,  Iowa 17 

Ozu,  Miu 14 

>,Mo 85 

nsin 16 

I,  Mlsa 84 


FROiM    THE   eomCE   OF    THE    MISigI88IPPI   RIVER    TO 
THE   GULF   OF   MEXICO. 

Itascn  liaRe« — This  is  tho  actunl  source  of  the  longest 
ntul  main  fork  of  tho  Mississippi,  rlic  Lac  la  Uiche  of  the 
Freiicii.  This  beautiful  lako,  whicli  is  some  i^ve  or  seven  miles 
in  length,  reposes  amid't  liills  of  marine  sand,  of  the  drift 
epoch,  and  consists  of  pure  springs  of  water,  gushing  out  in 
copious  rills,  within  a  visil  le  basin.  The  Indiiin  (name)  term 
of  Lot-osh-ca,  and  denoting  a  characteristic  property  of  the  fe- 
male breast,  imparts  a  vivid  idea  in  which  these  innmt  sources 
of  tho  father  of  rivers  gush  from  tlioir  sandy  elevation. 

Many  suppose  tlie  word  "Itasca"  to  be  derived  from  the  last 
and  first  syllables  of  the  two  Latin  words,  Veritas  caput,  whicli 
means,  the  true  head. 

Schoolcraft,  accompanied  by  the  late  Dr.  Houghton  and  Col. 
Allen  (then  Lieut.  Allen),  of  tlie  army,  two  gentlemen  who  sub- 
sequently distinguished  themselves  in  their  several  depart- 
ments, and  by  Mr.  Bentwell,  a  clergyman  from  New  Hampshire, 
and  Mr.  ,Tuhn  Stone,  of  Michigan,  with  Ozawindib,  or  Yellow 
Head,  a  Chippewa  chief,  as  the  principal  guide,  reached  Itasca 
lake  on  the  i;tth  of  Julj ,  18;i2,  being  just  three  huudiifd  and  five 
years  after  the  8pa)>ish  had  first,  incidentally,  descried  its 
mouth.  Its  distance  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  ho  estimated  at 
three  thousand  one  liundred  and  sixty  miles.  The  entire  alti- 
tude of  the  lake,  as  determined  by  Mr.  Nicollet,  in  IS.'Hi,  is  one 
thousand  five  hundred  and  seventy-five  feet,  which  is  one  hundred 
and  five  feet  below  the  summit  of  its  environing  hills;  and  its  lat- 
itude, at  Schoolcraft's  island,  the  only  island  in  it,  is  47°  13' 35". 
From  this  time,  the  source  of  the  Slississippi  has  remained  a 
fixed  fact  iu  our  geography.  The  face  of  the  country  about  its 
head,  presents  a  very  similar  appearance  to  that  at  its  estuary. 


■   »->----'(»fiW-*.i''.  . 


I»>*<lmll'lll,illill  *- 


J 


10 


ROUTE   OF   THK    MISSISSIPPI    HIVKH 


Fort  Gaines. — This  fort  is  situated  six  miles  south  of 
Crow  Wiiiff,  or  De  Corbcau  river,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
two  miles  north  of  St.  Paul.  It  was  commenced  in  1848.  The 
population,  including  garrison,  does  not  exceed  150. 

Sivail  Biver,  Benton  county,  eighteen  miles  south  of 
Fort  Gaines,  and  one  hundred  and  four  north  of  St.  PauL 
Near  the  nioutli  of  this  river,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississip. 
pi,  a  small  settlement  has  been  formed.  It  contains  2  trading 
houses.  1  hotel,  5  or  G  dwelling-houses,  with  a  population  of 
about  25. 

!>iailk  Rapids,  county-siat  of  Benton  county,  twenty- 
eight  miles  south  from  Swan'  river,  and  seventy-six  miles  north 
from  St.  Paul.  The  village  is  situated  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Mississippi,  ill  tlie  center  of  a  very  fine  fanning  country.  It  is 
now  the  head  of  .steam  navigation  on  the  Mississippi  river. 

Kuill  River  (Indian  name,  Iskode  Waboy)  rises  to  the 
north  of  the  Mississippi,  in  Mille  Lacs,  and  after  a  course  of 
about  cightv  miles,  falls  into  the  Mississippi,  twenty-eight  miles 
north  of  St." Paul.  At  the  mouth  of  this  river,  a  ferry  has  been 
commenced,  and^fi  settlement  made,  which  will  soon  become  a 
place  of  considerable  importance. 


Falls  of  St.  Antiiony  (c&lled  by  the  Chippewas,  Kaka- 
bikah,  or  Severed  Rock,  and  by  the  Sioux,  Rara,  rrotn  irara,  to 
laugh)  twenty  miles  south  of  Rum  River,  and  nine  miles  north- 
west of  St.^Paul,  and  furnishes  many  objects  of  curiosity. 

These  falls  are  sixteen  and  a  half  feet  perpendicular,  and 
about  thirty  rods  in  width,  divided  bv  a  conical  island,  leaving 
about  two-thirds  on  the  west  side.  The  entire  fall  of  the  river, 
in  a  di?.tance  of  a  few  miles,  is  about  100  feet,  affording  ample 
valcr  power  for  miurjfiicluriiig  purposes. 

St.  AuUiOliy's  Fails.— The  town  of  St.  Anthony  is 
beautifully  situated  on  the  side  and  summit  of  a  hill,  rising  up 
from  a  precipice,  from  which  a  fine  view  of  the  falls  and  sur- 
rounding country  can  be  obtained.    It  ii  tlie  seat  of  the  Uui- 


vers 
land 
ston 
eleg 
Ne\» 
of  p 
gem 
also 
nevi 
the 

Th 
of  U 

as  ft) 
■iaill 

1 
and 
on 
of] 

8oti 

Snt 
tioi 
daj 
lux 
in  I 
fert 
30C 

i 

the 
Bip 
■wr 


no' 
thf 

nif 

en 
ho 
isl 
iss 
rel 
It 


I'PI    HIVKH. 


lated  six  miles  south  of 
ane  hundred  and  twenty- 
immenced  in  1848.  The 
ot  exceed  150. 
[■ighteeu  miles  south  of 
four  nortli  of  St.  Paul 
ist  side  of  the  Mississip. 


It  contains  2  tradin, 
38,  with  a  population 


of 


B?nton  county,  twenty- 
i  seventy-six  miles  north 
d  on  tlie  east  side  of  the 
e  fanning  country.  It  is 
the  Mississippi  river. 
:ode  Waboy)  rises  to  the 
c»,  and  after  a  course  of 
isippi,  twenty-eight  miles 
lis  river,  a  ferry  has  been 
hich  will  soon  become  a 


by  the  Chippewas,  Kaka- 
ioux,  Rara,  rrom  irara,  to 
rer,  and  nine  miles  north- 
objects  of  curiosity. 
'  feet  perpendicular,  and 
r  a  conical  island,  leaving 
he  entire  fall  of  the  river, 
100  feet,  affording  ample 
ses. 

town  of  St.  Anthony  is 

ummit  of  a  hill,  rising  up 

riew  of  the  falls  and  sur- 

It  i»  Uie  seat  of  the  Uui- 


ROUTE    OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


11 


varsity  of  Minnesota,  recently  endowed  by  a  liberal  donation  of 
lands  by  the  General  Government.  Tliere  are  a  number  of 
stores,  Printing  office,  2  hotels,  saw-inill.  grist-mill,  and  many 
elegant  private  residences.  Population  about  1200,  mostly  from 
New  England.  The  land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  falia,  consists 
of  prairie,  interspersed  with  openings  of  various  extent,  and  is 
geilerally  admirably  adapted  to  agricultural  purposes.  It  is 
also  well  watered  by  numerous  small  lakes  and  streams,  whose 
never-failing  springs  add  much  to  the  strength  and  fertility  of 
the  soil.    Tliese  lakes  and  streams  are  well  stocked  with  fish. 

The  falls  of  St.  Anthony  were  nnmed  hy  Father  Hennepin,  a  companion 
of  the  i-uterprising  51.  Do  la  Salle,  who,  in  1680,  ascende<l  the  MlBsisalppi  river 
■8  far  an  the  falls,  and  roporte<l  that  he  had  discovered  its  source.  The  Mis- 
ilsilppl  river  woa  discovered  by  Marquette,  seven  years  before. 

Fort  SnellillK,  seven  miles  south-east  of  St.  Anthony, 
and  seven  miles  to  the  west  of  St.  Paul.  This  fort  is  situated 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  and  is  built  on  the  point 
of  land  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Mississippi  and  Minne- 

St.  Peitcrs  (Men<lota),  one  and  a  half  miles  south  of  Fort 
Snelliiig.  and  six  miles  west  from  St.  Paul.  From  its  fine  posi- 
tion, at  the  mouih  of  the  Minnesota,  a  river  which  mnst  one 
day  bear  upon  its  waters  the  valuable  products  of  a  fertile  and 
luxuriant  soil,  it  offers  prospects  as  brilliant  as  any  other  town 
in  the  territory.  Tlie  country  around  Mendota  is  beautiful  and 
fertile.  It  contains  4  stores,  30  dwellings,  and  a  population  of 
300.     Here  is  a  depot  of  the  American  Fur  Company. 

St.  Paul,  Ramsey  county,  seat  of  government.  This  is 
the  present  Jiead  of  navigation  for  the  east  side  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  summit  of  a  blutt,  trom 
■which  a  fine  view  of  the  river  may  be  had. 

Since  the  erection  of  the  mill  at  St.  Anthony,  buildings  have 
eone  up  rapidly,  and  this  city  can  now  boast  of  maiiy  dwelling- 
houses,  Ac,  displaying  great  architectural  taste.  The  soil  in 
the  vicinity  .s  good,  and  many  farms  liave  lately  been  com- 
menced, with  every  prospect  of"  success. 

The  land  on  which  St.  Paul  is  located  was  purchased  of  Gov- 
ernment and  laid  out  as  a  city  in  VMS.  It  now  contains  a  state- 
house,  court-house,  several  elegant  churches,  a  number  ot  flour- 
ishing schools,  a  territorial  librsry,  three  printing  offices,  each 
issuing  a  weekly  paper ;  several  wholesale,  and  a  number  of 
retail  stores,  a  number  of  hotels,  and  mechanics  of  every  kind. 
It  is  rapidly  increasing  in  wealth,  and  commands  a  large  extent 


12 


ROUTE   OF    THE    MIrJSlSSIl'PI    lUVER. 


of  arrowing:  countrv,  with  a  soil  of  unsurpiissed  fertility.     Pop- 
ulation 3000. 

Knposin,  or  Ll'.\\,-  «;ro\v,  nn  Iiidian  villnfje  nnd  missiona- 
ry station  of  the  A.  1!.  C.  F.  M.,  is  plcJisRiitly  situated  on  the 
vest  bank  of  tlie  Mississippi,  four  niik'S  below  St.  I'aul.  Tlie 
villiifri'  eoiitains  2  fraiiio-houses  for  tlie  iiii.ssioiiaries,  and  alniiit 
40  l<id!<es.  Population  about  :100.  On  tlie  bluff  in  the  rear  of 
the  town  is  a  larf^e  Indian  buryin!,'-grounil. 

K«d  Rock,  llaiiiscv  co'unty,  fifteen  miles  south  of  St. 
Paul.  Its  name  is  derived  from  a  'large  rock,  wliich  the  Indians 
have  paint«l  red,  and  styled  Wnkon,  or  Spirit-rock.  Hed  Rock 
was  first  settled  by  the  "Methodist  missionaries,  in  18;i7,  under 
the  superintendence  of  tlie  Kcv.  Alfred  Brunson.  An  Indian 
school  was  established,  at  an  expenditure  of  thirty  thousand 
dollars  ;  but,  after  a  few  years,  the  mission  failed,  ucconiplish- 
injr  but  little  permanent  good. 

The  soil  in  this  district  is  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  corn. 
The  village  consists  of  about  15  buildings  ;  population,  i^O. 

Vermilion,  or  Rapid  river,  rises  in  Minnesota  and  flows 
north-east,  on  a  line  nearly  parallel  with  the  St.  Peter's  river, 
and  empties  into  the  Mississippi  a  short  distance  above  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  river. 

St.  Croix  Kivcr  rises  in  the  north-western  part  of  y>  is- 
cousin  and  flows  southward  till  it  reaches  the  Mississippi  in 
44"  north  latitude.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  about  sixty 
miles.  Large  quantities  of  pine  lumber  are  annually  brought 
down  the  river  and  shipped  to  St.  Louis.  At  the  falls,  the  head 
of  navigation,  LUero  is  a  fine  town  springing  up. 

Point  DoufjTlaS,  Washington  county,  post  town,  thirty 
miles  south  of  Stillwater,  and  thirty-four  miles  south-east  of 
St.  Paul.  Tliis  village  is  situated  on  the  point  of  land  tomied 
by  the  junction  of  the  St.  Croix  with  tlie  Mississippi  river.  It 
contains  I  hotel,  1  public-house,  '.i  stores,  20  very  neatly  finished 
buildings,  with  a  population  of  100. 

It  has  an  excellent  landing,  and  will  soon  be  a  place  of  con- 
siderable importance. 

L.IKE  ST.  CROIX.— Thl«  liiko  receives  the  waters  of  the  St.  Croix  nver 
and  its  tributaries.  The  river  and  lake  form  most  of  the  boundary  line  be- 
twuon  5Iinnc80t»  nnd  Wipconsin.  There  is  a  bar  in  this  lalio  called  Cat-fish 
Bar,  which  extmids  about  two  miles  into  the  lake.  The  Indians  regard  this 
bar  and  lake  with  dread;  they  would  rather  carry  their  canoes  than  paddin 
them  acrofls  the  lake. 

STILLWATER,  county-seat  of  Washington  county,  Mhinosota,  eighteen 
milea  north-east  of  St.  Paul,  Is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  St.  Croii, 


i/^^  M9W^ 


'  rv . 


iii'Pi 


surpiissc'd  fertility. 


lian  villnfje  nnd  niissiona- 
IcJisantly  situated  i>ii  the 
IfS  \w\o\v  St.  I'aul.  TI10 
e  iiii.ssioiiarie.s,  and  about 
M  till'  bluff  iu  the  rear  of 
ouikI. 

iftoeii  luiloH  so\ith  of  St. 
;t'  rook,  wliicli  the  Indians 
ir  Spirit-rock,  lied  Rock 
ssionarics,  in  1837,  under 
vd  Brunson.  An  Indian 
diture  of  thirty  thousand 
issioii  failed,  acconiplish- 

jtcd  to  the  growth  of  corn. 
dini;«  ;  population,  80. 
?s  in  Minnesota  and  flows 
with  the  St.  Peter's  river, 
short  distance  above  the 

orth-western  part  of  AVis- 
■eachcs  the  Mississippi  in 
for  steamboats  about  sixty 
iber  are  annually  brought 
iiis.  At  the  falls,  the  head 
ringing  up. 

county,  post  town,  thirty 

■-four  miles  south-east  of 

the  point  of  land  formed 

tlie  Slississippi  river.     It 

res,  20  very  neatly  finished 

•ill  soon  be  a  place  of  con- 


lio  waters  of  tho  St.  Croix  nrer 
I  most  of  tho  boundary  line  be- 
,  bar  in  tbia  lake  called  Cat-fiali 
lake.  The  Indiana  regard  this 
carry  their  cunoea  than  paddlA 

on  county,  Minnesota,  eighteen 
the  west  side  of  Lake  St.  Croix, 


ROUTE    OF    THK    MISSISSIPPI    BIVKR. 


13 


near  its  head,  and  thirty  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
land  office,  peniti-iitinry,  saw-mill,  and  other  inachinpry  i.ropoiled  by  water 
power,  3  hotels,  several  stores  nnd  forwarding  houses,  anil  many  elegant  pri- 
vate dwellings.  It  is  also  well  suprlicd  with  schools  ond  churches.  I'opulap 
tion,  800. 

Tho  surrounding  country  is  divorsifled  with  tlmlier  and  prairie,  with  a  rich 
soil,  watered  by  a  number  of  small  lakes  and  streams,  abundantly  supplied 
with  flsh,  and  will  soon  beconi'!  thickly  settled  with  a  prosperous  agricultural 
community. 

Stiuwater  commands  the  larger  portion  of  the  lumlier  trade  of  tho  pint- 
ritt  on  the  upper  waters  of  the  St.  Croix,  and  is  the  principal  head  of  steam 
navigation,  though  small  boats  can  get  up  to  St.  Croix  Falls,  twenty  milea 
above.    It  is  destined  to  become  a  place  of  importance. 

'Willow  Blver,  county-seat  of  St.  Croix  county,  Wis- 
consin— on  the  east  side  of  Lake  St.  Cioi.Y,  seven  miles  below 
Stillwater,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  the  same  name — has 
considerable  water  power,  and  contains  a  court-house,  land  of- 
fice, seven  stores,  and  a  number  of  well-built  private  residences. 
Lake  Pcpln,  about  forty  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Croix  river,  and  eighty-eight  miles  below  the  Falls,  is  formed 
by  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi.  It  is  about  twenty-five 
miles  Ion",  and  four  wide  ;  the  water  is  clea^,  and  the  current 
very  gentfe.  On  the  eastern  side  of  the  lake,  is  the  celebrated 
Maiden's  Rock,  which  rises  perpendicularly  five  hundred  feet. 
Near  tlie  head  of  the  lake,  on  the  east  side,  is  the  mouth  of 
Rush  river,  whicli  empties  into  the  lake  ;  and,  on  the  opposite 
side,  is  the  Cannon  river.  Tiie  shores  of  this  lake  abound  With 
earnelian  and  other  valuable  stones. 

Chippewa  River  rises  in  the  northern  part  of  Wiscon- 
sin, near  the  head  waters  of  the  Montreal,  and  flows  in  a  south- 
westerly direction.  After  a  course  of  near  three  hundred  miles, 
it  joins  the  Mississippi  near  the  termination  of  Lake  Pepin. 
Its  principal  branches  are  the  Clear-Water  and  Red  Cedar  rivers. 
It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  seventy  miles.  The  shores  abound 
■with  pine  forests.  There  is  a  very  important  trading  post  at 
the  mouth  of  this  river,  in  Wisconsin,  which  may  one  day  be- 
come a  large  town. 

The  mouth  of  this  river  is  the  southern  boundary  of  that  tract  of  land 
known  as  Carver's  Tract.  It  lies  principally  in  Crawford  county,  and  con- 
tains an  area  of  more  than  eight  millions  of  acres.  Captain  Carver  held  tbif 
laud  by  a  deed  obtained  from  tho  Indians,  May  1st,  1767.  It  commencei  at 
Um  Falls  of  St.  Antbony  and  fbllowi  the  MiMiuippi  to  tha  mouth  of  th* 


14 


ROUTE   OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


Chlpppwa  J  thi-nce  ea«t,  about  one  hundred  milca ;  thencn  north,  one  hundred 
tad  twenty  milfs;  iinil  thonm,  In  n  iliroot  lino,  to  thu  Kalln.  The  ilintUtippi 
Land  Chmpany,  of  Now  York,  oMainrd,  In  1824.  a  rnognlied  de«d  before 
Judge  Van  Ne»n,  of  the  U.  S.  District  Court,  New  York. 

liVazi  Oju  nnd  inani$ika  Rivers  rise  in  the  south- 
enstern  part  of  MiniiL-sota,  iiiul  flow  north-east  and  empty  into 
the  Mississippi.  The  waters  of  the  two  rivers  are  united  by  a 
sniiiU  creek,  JMst  lipfore  they  enter  the  Mississippi. 

]?IOUntain  Islsind'is  a  high  Rocky  Isi.iml,  and  one  of 
the  nio.st  remarkable  places  on  the  upper  Mississippi.  Its  alti- 
tude has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  three  to  hve  hundred 
feet,  and  from  a  distance  has  the  appearance  of  rising  from  the 
middle  of  the  river.     It  is  a  conspicuous  and  noted  landmark. 

Snpiiah,  or  Black  Itivcr  rises  near  the  center  of 
Wisconsin  and  fljws  south-west.  Before  entering  the  Missis- 
sippi, it  separates  into  two  branches,  forming  a  delta  of  some 
extent.     It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  sixty  miles. 

lia  Crosse,  Crawford  county,  W'iscon.sin,  is  located  upon 
a  beautiful  prairie  of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  Black 
river,  and  contains  a  land  ofhce,  .several  stores,  and  commands 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  lumber  trade  of  Black  river.  It 
■will  eventually  h»come  an  important  place. 

Hoka,  or  Root  River,  enters  the  Mississippi  from 
Minnesota,  five  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  La  Crosse. 

Raccoon  River,  a  small  stream,  flows  into  tha  Missis- 
sippi from  Wisconsin,  nearly  opposite  Root  river. 

Bad  Axe  River  rises  in  Wisconsin  and  flows  in  n  west- 
erly direction,  till  it  joins  the  Mississippi  two  hundred  and 
eleven  miles  below  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony. 

Upper  Iowa  River  rises  in  Minnesota  and  flows  south- 
east, then  north-east,  through  the  north-eastern  part  of  Iowa, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  two  hundred  and  ten  miles  below 
the  Falls. 

Prairie  dU  Cllien,  Crawford  county,  Wisconsin,  is  nne 
hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  west  of  ifadison,  three  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Wisconsin  river,  and  about  two  hun- 
dred and  sevcnty-fivo  miles  below  the  Falls.  It  is  situated  on 
the  borders  of  an  extensive  prairie,  and  occupies  the  site  of  au 
old  Indian  village,  from  whose  chief,  called  by  the  French,Chien, 
it  derives  its  name.  The  town  contains  a'court-house,  a  fine 
academy,  and  several  churches.  There  are  excellent  hunting- 
grounds  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place.  The  watnr  courses  and 
marshes  are  covered  with  wild  rice,  which  the  Indians  gather 


for 

rem 

cxii 

ers 

liav 

thn 

I 
on  t 
nea 
this 
find 

1 
boi' 
cuu 
con 
wes 
and 
the 
con 
pas 

Tl 

mUl: 
to  0| 
twe< 
and 
the 

] 

cou 
it  c 
the 
con 
6er 
lior 

4 
the 
It\ 
Yoi 
pur 
mil 

1 
hui 
cou 


[S8IPPI   RIVER. 


miles ;  thcnwi  north,  one  hundred 
line,  to  the  Kb11«.  The  ilistiiiippi 
In  18U4.  a  rnognlied  dc«d  before 
t,  New  York. 

BiVCl'fS  rise  in  the  south- 
i\'  iiortli-east  and  empty  into 
e  two  rivers  are  iinitea  by  a 
[.lie  Mississippi. 
;h  Rocky  Isl.iiul,  and  one  of 
upper  Mississippi.  Its  alti- 
it  from  three  to  hve  hundred 
ppearance  of  rising  from  the 
ruous  and  noted  landmark. 
?r  rises  near  the  center  of 
Before  entering  the  Missis- 
es, forming  a  delta  of  some 
aats  sixty  miles. 
Wisconsin,  is  located  npon 
me,  at  the  mouth  of  Black 
veral  stores,  and  commands 
er  trade  of  Black  river.  It 
it  place. 

enters  the  Mississippi  from 
ut)i  of  the  La  Crosse, 
ream,  flows  into  the  Missis- 
site  Root  river, 
sconsin  and  flows  in  awest- 
ssissippi  two  hundred  and 
Anthony. 

1  Minnesota  and  flows  south- 
north-eastern  part  of  Iowa, 
ndred  and  ten  miles  below 

rd  county,  Wisconsin,  is  one 
jst  of  ifadison,  three  miles 
1  river,  and  about  two  hun- 
the  Falls.  It  is  situated  on 
,  and  occupies  the  site  of  au 
",  called  by  tlie  French.Chien, 
ontaius  a  court-house,  a  fine 
riiere  are  excellent  hunting- 
ce.  The  watnr  courses  and 
s,  which  the  Indians  gather 


SOUTK   OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


15 


for  food.  Numerous  mounds  are  scattered  over  the  land— the 
remains  of  a  jieople  whose  history  is  unknown  to  us,  and  whose 
existence  might  have  been  doubti'il,  Iiad  tliey  not,  like  tlie  build- 
ers of  tlie  pyramids,  left  these  uamiHtaknl>ie  evi<lenpes  of  their 
liaviii;^  "  lived,  and  moved,  and  had  a  beim;."  Staj^es  leave 
three  times  a  week  for  Galena.     Population.  tJ,3(M). 

Fort  Crawford,  two  miles  below  I'rairie  du  Chien,  is 
on  the  Wisconsin  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Fort  Atkinson,  Iowa, 
near  the  head  waters  of  Turkey  river,  is  nearly  due  west  from 
this  station.  By  f;oing  through  I'rairie  du  Chien,  travelers  will 
find  a  good  road  between  the  two  forts. 

Wisconsin  Hiver,  rises  in  some  small  lakes  near  the 
boundary  of  Michigan,  and  after  a  south  and  south-westerly 
course  of  four  huiiured  miles,  crossing  the  entire  State  of  Wis- 
consin, it  enters  tiie  Mississippi  in  43°  north  latitude,  and  9i° 
west  longitude.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats  one  hundred 
and  eiglity  miles.  There  is  a  portage  of  about  two  miles  between 
the  Wisconsin  and  Fox  rivers,  which  will  doubtless  soon  be 
connected  by  a  canal.  In  time  of  high  water,  small  boats  can 
pass  from  one  river  to  tlie  other. 

The  State  of  Wigooniiin,  having  received  from  Congreu  a  grant  cf  half  • 
million  ncrca  of  land,  design  improving  the  navigation  of  thene  river),  ao  as 
tu  open,  by  way  of  Oreen  Bay,  a  continuous  ateomboat  oommunicatioB  be- 
tween Lake  Michigan  and  the  MiiwisiiippL  The  construction  of  the  canal, 
and  the  improTcment  of  Fox  river,  are  under  contract  to  be  completed  during 
the  present  year. 

Prairie  la  Port,  now  changed  to  Gottenbubo,  Clayton 
county,  Iowa,  is  a  trading  post  of  some  importance,  although 
it  contains  but  few  houses.  It  is  situated  on  the  west  bank  of 
the  Missis-sippi,  on  a  high  bluff,  twenty  miles  south  of  the  Wis- 
consin river.  The  towns  in  this  vicinity  are  mostly  settled  by 
Gennans.  Some  rich  lead  mines  are  worked  in  this  ueighbor- 
liood. 

Cassvllie,  Grant  county,  Wisconsin,  is  on  the  ea.st  side  of 
the  Mississippi,  three  hundred  and  fifteen  miles  below  the  Falls. 
It  was  laid  out  on  a  large  scale,  under  the  direction  of  a  New 
York  Company,  and  intended  as  a  summer  resort  for  pleasure 
parties.  A  large  quantity  of  leai'  is  shipped  at  this  point,  from 
mines  in  tlie  vicinity. 

Turlicy  Uivcr  rises  in  ii^wa,  and  after  a  course  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  miles,  passing  diagonally  through  Clayton 
county,  enters  the  Mississippi.  It  is  not  navigable  for  steam- 
boata. 

2 


il^ 


RODTK   OV   THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


Fruilkford,  Cluvton  county,  Iowa,  i»  a  small  trading 
post  at  the  niouth  of  'I*urkey  river. 

P0T08I,  Oriint  county,  Wi«-on.ln,  i»  .itu«t.4  on  »  l«you  a  .hort  Ji«Unee 
from  tbe  river.  There  .re  rich  lead  mln«»  In  the  nei«btx.rhood.  To  the»e  the 
town  owe.  Its  import»nee.  Bteainlo.ta  can  only  approwh  the  town  during 
high  stages  of  water. 

Sinnpee,  Grant  county,  Wisconsin,  is  a  small  town  a  few 
miles  above  Dubuque. 

PERU,  Dubuque  county,  Iowa,  U  sltnaUd  on  the  .oulh  ildo  of  the  Llttlo 
Makoquette  ritor,  a  .Uort  dlsUnoe  abOTe  its  junction  with  tho  .Mta.laBlppl. 

DnbuauC.Dubuque  county  Iowa,  is  on  the  west  bank  of 
tho  Mississippi  three\undri.d  and  fifty-five  miles  below  he 
Falir  It  is  situated  on  a  gently  slofing  prame,  in  one  of  the 
ric  est  lead  districts  in  the  world.  It  contains  a  land  office,  6 
nr  8  cluXs  several  large  hotels,  a  court-house,  a  number  of 
Ires  and  w^rklhops  of  111  descriptions.  The  build.ug.s  are 
mosti;  of  brick,  and  display  i.uich  taste.  The  branch  of  the 
Efs  Central  Railway. 'paising  through  Galena,  will  termin- 
ate he^  The  town  received  its  name  from  Dubuque,  its  earl^ 
eTt  se  t  er.  His  tomb,  on  a  hi^^h  bluff  a  short  distance  below 
the  town,  overlooking  the  Mississippi,  is  an  object  of  great  in- 
terest to  travelers. 

Fever  River,  a  small,  sluggish  stream,  cinpties  into  the 
Mississippi,  from  Illinois,  about  sixteen  miles  below  Dubuque 
It  is  nav  gkble  for  steamboats  to  Galena,  during  inost  of  the 
vear  O.  account  of  the  narrowness  of  this  stream  boats  have 
Jreat  dXultv  in  getting  up  and  down.  It  is  sometimes  neces- 
fa^  to  S  away  a  portion  o7  the  bank  to  get  room  to  turn  The 
S  Illinois  dentral  Railroad  from  Cafro,  via  LasaUe.  to  Du- 
Buque  is  located  on  the  bank  of  this  river. 

GALENA,  Joe  DariesB  county,  Illinoi.,  is  situated  on  Fever  river,  KTen 
miles  from  its  month.  It  Is  located  nei.r  the  center  of  a  rich  lead  dUtrlct,  ex- 
tending,  on  both  side,  of  tbe  Mississippi,  from  the  Wi«»n.in  to  the  vicinity 
of  Rock  river.  It  derives  its  name  from  galena,  a  kind  of  lead  ore  found  in 
tho  vicinity  In  1822,  tho  process  of  smelting  was  first  commenced;  .Inco 
that  Umo  there  has  been  a.  high  ai  13,000,000  of  pounds  smelted  in  one  year. 
The  ore  lie.  in  horiiontal  ttrata,  varying  in  thioknc.s  from  a  few  Inchea  to 
Mveral  feet,  and  yields  75  per  cent  of  pure  lead.  A  railrowl  is  nearly  com- 
pleted between  Galena  and  Chicago,  a  di8tancej)f  one  hundred  and  dghty 


mile*, 
ponnorl 
romniii 
I'opula 

The  I 
gan  Cei 
na.  Tl 
mile*, 
day, th 
travel i 
quite  a 
canal,  i 
ney  Oio 
journe 
expend 

Be 

on  a 
It  is  0 
desen 

Iowa, 

powei 

§a 

east  t 
of  Ph 
of  sto 
Sa 
pi,  ab 
IS  a  81 

miles 

Fii 

Lyon! 

The  I 
incres 

Ca 
the  ri 
100. 

W 
of  lov 
empti 
form 


tPPI    RIVEH. 


owa,  is  a  small  trading 


>tl  on  n  liayou  a  «hort  dijiUnco 
If  iiciKblorhood.  To  these  the 
uly  approach  Uw  town  daring 

in,  is  a  small  to^n  a  few 

on  thfl  »outh  lUe  of  the  Little 
uuction  with  the  Mlasiasippl. 

ra,  is  on  tho  west  batik  of 
fifty-five  miles  below  the 
niiig  prairie,  in  one  of  the 
it  contains  a  land  oflBce,  6 
oourt-honse,  a  number  of 
ions.  The  buildings  are 
taste.  The  branch  of  the 
rough  Galena,  will  terraiit- 
le  from  Dubuque,  its  earli- 
itf  a  short  distance  below 
li,  is  an  object  of  great  in- 

ih  stream,  empties  into  the 
oi-n  miles  below  Dubuque, 
lalena,  during  most  of  the 
1  of  this  stream,  boats  have 
rn.  It  is  sometimes  neces- 
k  to  get  room  to  turn.  The 
I  Cairo,  via  Lasalle,  to  Du- 
i  river. 

I  Bituatcd  on  FcTor  rlTsr,  aeyen 
;  ciMiter  of  a  rich  lead  dUtrlct,  ex- 
om  the  Wisconiln  to  the  Ticinity 
lena,  a  liiud  of  lead  ore  found  in 
ting  was  first  commenced;  ilnco 

00  of  pounds  amelted  in  ousyeor. 

1  thiokucts  from  a  few  inchei  to 
)  lead.  A  railroad  is  nearly  com- 
banco  j>f  one  hundred  and  eighty 


EOtJTI  or  THE  MISSTSSim  ritxr. 


n 


mile*.  The  main  liu«  of  the  icrent  Illiunia  Central  Railmad  paaaes  here  aM 
ronnorta  with  the  brunrh  tine  from  rhirn);;o  to  Cuiro,  It  Is  hIso  in  telegraphle 
rommunication  with  St.  Louis, and  with  the  Cniit  along  the  northern  frontier. 
Population,  6,000. 

The  moat  direct  route  to  Minneaota,  from  the  East,  is  by  way  of  the  Michi- 
gan Central  llailroad,  and  the  railroad  and  stiiKo  rout«  from  Chicago  to  Uala- 
na.  The  railroad  on  thia  Hue  is  coiupleti'd  from  Chicago  to  I(o>-kport,  92 
milei.  If  peraonswlsh  to  take  a  little  more  time,  and  travel  only  during  the 
day,  they  can  go  to  Milwaukie  and  take  railroad  and  atage  to  Oalens,  which 
travel  only  in  the  dnytime,  over  a  road  quite  as  goo<l,  and  through  a  country 
quite  aa  pleasant.  Or,  if  a  journey  by  water  la  preferred,  they  can  take  the 
canal,  at  Chicago,  and  go  by  the  way  of  St.  Louia,  which  will  make  the  Jour- 
ney more  expensive  and  at  lesat  a  week  longer.  By  the  shortest  routs,  the 
Journey  may  be  performed  from  Albany  to  St.  Paul  within  a  week,  and  at  an 
expense  of  not  far  from  (26. 

Bellevne,  Jackson  county,  Iowa,  is  a  small  town  situated 
on  a  high  bluff,  seven  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Fever  river. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  pleasant  situations  on  the  river,  and  well 
deserves  its  name. 

inakoqneta  River  empties  into  the  Mississippi  from 
Iowa,  a  few  miles  below  Bellevue.  It  furnishes  the  best  water 
power  of  any  river  in  the  state. 

Savannnht  Carroll  county,  Ulinois,  is  situated  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  a  short  distance  above  the  mouth 
of  Plum  creek.  It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  and  a  number 
of  stores  and  dwellings.    Population,  250. 

Sabulu.Clinton  county,  Iowa,  is  situated  on  the  Mississip- 
pi, about  three  hundred  and  eighty  miles  below  the  Falls.  It 
IS  a  small  place. 

Ijyons,  Clinton  county,  Iowa,  i*  a  small  town  about  fifteen 
miles  below  Sabula.    Population,  300. 

Fulton  City,  Whiteside  countv,  Illinois,  is  just  opposite 
Lyons,  and  is  its  rival  town.    Population.  500. 

AlbBny«  Whiteside  county,  Illinois,  is  a  flourishing  town. 
The  location  being  good,  the  town  will  doubtless  continue  to 
increase.    Population  near  700. 

Caiuaiicne«  Clinton  county,  Iowa,  is  on  the  west  side  of 
the  river,  a  short  distance  below  Albany.  Population  about 
100. 

Wapslplnecon  River  rises  in  the  north-eastern  part 
of  Iowa,  and  after  a  winding  course  of  about  two  hundred  miles, 
empties  into  the  Mississippi.  It  affords  excellent  water  power 
for  mills  ■  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  enterprising  people  who  are 


_/-i 


■  — "•  ^ " 


II 


ROUTE   OF   THK    MISSISSIPPI    RIVBB. 


fast  Rcttlinp  in  that  portion  of  country,  will  not  let  it  remain 

^°¥ort  Bvroil,  Hook  Tslnn.l  county ,  Illinois,  i""  a  small  town, 
sov..nl.«n.  in'ilfs  l.-low  Ciunanclu..     It  is  silualed  near  the  head 

"'  liiim|»ionrRm-k  Ishu.-l  county,  lllinoi.,  is  situat.Kl  six 
mi"    "low  Port  Hvron.     It  has  considerable  trade  m  earthen 

"Tc  Cir-c!  Scotfcm,nty,  low.,  is  located  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Mississippi  at  the  head  of  Hock  Island,  or  Upper  Rapid.. 
It  L  a  n^v  to  1^,"  but  bids  fair  to  be  a  place  of  considerable  im- 
Joauce  It  takes  its  .mine  from  an  old  Frenchman,  who  waa 
the  owner  of  most  of  the  land  in  the  neij<hborhood. 

Oavciinort,  Scott  county,  Iowa,  (county-seat)  m  one  of 
the  moTffis"ing  towns  in  Iowa.  It  is  a  beautiful  situation 
and  aunears  better  fron.  the  river  than  any  other  town  on  the 
TJDoerTississfppi.  It  has  considerable  trade,  is  rapidly  increas- 
Kn  in  por3e:  and  is  on  the  line  of  railway  connecting 
Clficaeo  lia  Lasalle,  with  the  Missouri  river,  and  crossing  the 
SiSipJi  htrl     Being  surrounded  by  a  rich  country,  it  will 

-"^SV.a tthe  ni-r-tSLge  island  in  the 
«•  ^i^r,;  !i^htv  nine  miles  below  Galena,and  just  above  the 
mo'XFRock  r  ver     The  southern  part  of  the  {"sland  is  occu- 

•^  w  l?!.rt  Vrmstrone,  an  old  U.  S.  Blockhouse  m  time  of 
I'ack  Lwk-B  wars  T^e  fort  stands  upon  a  rock,  near  twenty 
feSabovrIhe  surface  of  the  river.  There  is  a  recess  in  th.a 
teet  aDove  „.l  o,,,.t'.  Cave  where,  t  s  said,  he  often  con- 
'°'^J".nL?fThelcers  and  soldiers  had  most  of  the  island 
rScuhiviiou  the  remains  of  the  gardens  and  hedges  are 
^tm  to  be  seen  It  was  here  that  Col.  Davenport  was  murdered. 
T„ll  IMS  bv  a  party  of  lawless  wretches.  The  Mississippi 
i  Xuloint  is  vKpid;  it  falls  twenty-one  feet,  ten  inches, 
at  this  point  is  Y^nZn  miles  Ledaes  of  rock  extend  across 
iL^'ivtCd!      fow^^aTefgreatty^bstruct  the  navigatloa 

A  romDarativelv  small  outlay  would  remove  them.  The  Oh  ca- 
in?wav  to  Council  BluflS  will  cross  the  Mississippi  at  thi. 
^LetSh  cau  be  done  without  any  obstruction  to  navigation. 

taUnarom  Z.  After  leaving  the  river,  the  "««> '^"^ f~'»'^'^"^ 
Zia  of  rounded  hill.,  thinly  covered  with  trees.  The  Indians  «>^J^ 
ttmrpromiud  land.    Here  they  can  gather  the  honey-iuckle,  gr.pe.  plu», 


8IP«   RIVBB. 


ry,  will  not  let  it  remain 

tv,  Illinois,  i«  a  small  town, 
t'  is  siliiiiU'd  near  the  head 

ty,  Illinois,  i«  situated  »ix 
isiderable  trade  in  earthen 

s  located  on  the  west  side 
•k  Island,  or  Ufper  Rapidi. 
a  place  of  considerable  im- 
n  old  Frenchman,  who  was 
;  ncif^hborhood. 
v&,  (county-seat),  i«  one  of 

It  is  a  beautiful  situation, 
an  any  other  town  on  the 
ble  trade,  iB  rapidly  increas- 
line  of  railway  connecting 
3uri  river,  and  crossing  the 
J  by  a  rich  country,  it  will 
tion,  2000.  . 

veil  to  a  large  island  in  the 
!  Galena,  and  just  above  the 
II  part  of  the  island  is  occu- 
,  S.  Blockhouse  in  time  of 
is  upon  a  rock,  near  twenty 

There  is  a  recess  in  this 
jre,  it  is  said,  he  often  con- 
[diers  had  most  of  the  island 
he  gardens  and  hedges  are 
)1.  Davenport  was  murdered, 
wretches.  The  Mississippi 
twenty-one  feet,  ten  inches, 
edges  of  rock  extend  across 
.ly  obstruct  the  navigation, 
d  remove  them.  The  Chica- 
cross  the  Mississippi  at  this 
ay  obstruction  to  navigation. 

ibly  one  of  the  richest  in  the  world. 
1  K  sacceBSion  of  little  kuolls,  which 
ocean,  as  it  rolls  about  the  Terdant 
fer,  the  land  rises  gradually  into  • 
th  trees.  The  Indians  regard  tUs 
ther  the  honey-iuckle,  grape,  plum, 


&0t7TG   OF   THE   MISSISSIPPI   RIVKR. 


19 


and  mulberr.v,  from  triwn  plmiteil  ly  the  lin-nt  Spirit  lenturlcji  ngoi  and, 
fmm  the  Iximim  of  •VHi-y  liiki',  without  any  p'owlnn  or  »owing,  Ihi'y  gather 
an  abun.laiit  harvciit  of  wil.l  rii  o.  Tlii'  Urout  Spirit  scatters  tjountifully  their 
tread  upon  the  wutirs,  which  In  due  time  they  gallicr  with  rejoicing. 

IHoline,  Rock  isl.ind  county,  Illinois,  is  a  manufacturing 
village  opposite  the  liead  of  Rock  JHliiiid,  and  has  considerable 
water  power  from  the  raiiiiis  of  tlip  river. 

Bock  iKlUlld  C'Uy,  county-seal  of  Rock  Island  county, 
Illinois,  is  hilualed  near  the  junction  of  iho  Rock  and  Mi-ssissip- 
pi  rivers.  The  citv  is  rapidly  incroa>iiig  ;  and,  being  surround- 
ed by  a  (food  agricultural  count rv,  it  will,  doubtless,  one  day 
become  a  large  town.  Coal,  good  limber,  and  limestone,  are 
found  in  sufficient  quantities  for  all  practical  purposes.  Rock 
river  affords  excellent  water  jwwer  for  propelling  machinery. 
Population  near  .'tOOO. 

Uuck  Klvcr  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  Wisconsin,  and 
after  a  rapid,  south-westerly  course  of  three  hundred  miles,  en- 
ters the  Mississippi,  a  short  distance  below  the  island.  It  is 
navigable  for  steamboats  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 

RockillKhum,  Scott  county,  Iowa,  is  situated  on  the 
Mississippi,  nearly  opposite  Rock  river.  It  is  pleasantly  Itjcatcd 
on  a  bluff  bank,  and  contains  a  number  of  dwellings  and  sev- 
eral mills.     Populati(ni,  500. 

inLllScatine,  (formerly  Rloomington,)  Muscatine  county, 
Iowa,  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  towns  in  the  state.  It  is 
the  county-seat,  and  contains  a  fine  court-house,  a  jail,  and  sev- 
eral good  stores  and  churches.  It  was  laid  out  in  1836,  and 
has  a  population  of  2000.  '        _       . 

New  Boslou,  Mercer  county,  Illinois,  is  situated  on  a 
sandy  bluff,  twenty-six  miles  below  Muscatine.  Population, 
900. 

Iowa  Biver  rises  in  Iowa,  and,  after  an  easterly  course 
of  three  hundred  miles,  enters  the  Mississippi  near  five  hundred 
miles  below  the  falls.  Its  principal  branch.  Red  Cedar,  is  navi- 
gable for  keel-boats  one  hundred  miles  al)ove  its  junction  with 
the  Mississippi.  The  Iowa  is  navigable  for  steaniboats  one 
hundred  miles.  The  water  of  the  river  is  clear  and  pure;  the 
banks  are  high  and  covered  with  good  timber. 

IOWA  CITY,  the  capital  of  the  state,  is  situated  on  the  Iowa  river,  near 
the  head  of  steam  navigation.  The  city  was  laid  out  in  1839;  previous  to 
thii,  H  was  an  Indian  hunting-ground.  The  banlis  of  the  rirer,  at  this  point, 
fife  in  natural  terraces.  The  first  plateau  from  the  river  U  devoted  to  a  publio 
pnmeiude.    Most  of  the  buildings,  pubUc  sad  private,  an  al  some  diiUDca 


to 


ROUT!   OF   TIW    MWSIMTPM    BIVIB. 


til 


tttim  th«  riwr.  The  Cipltol.  m  C»pltol  itrort,  K  one  of  Ihe  flnent  hullillnm 
In  tbi>  oUtB.  It  1»  of  Porlc  nr  hltaituro,  one  huinlrf.1  »ni>  twenty  fcrt  lon«, 
•Ixty  f.-it  wlilo,  »ti(l  two  .tori.',  hlich.  The  aom.  of  the  biilMliig  l»  "U.tnlned 
by  twenty-two  Corinthi»ii  eoUimn»,  whi.h  Klve  It  a  rtdi  «n,l  eleRnnt  «pp«r- 
«nre.  lown  la  rot  l«hln,l  h.r  oW.T  «l»t.T  »tnte»  In  rallroml  i.iogrciii.  Nu- 
ip«rmu.  linen,  centering  at  Iowa  City,  hare  \mm  projected  within  her  border« ! 
one  from  Davenpn't  to  Coun.  11  BIuITpi,  one  from  Dutuqne  to  Iowa  City,  and 
another  from  Ilurlinnton  tothr  Miwourl  river,  are  all  In  i-ronres*.  Thunwlll 
■he  hftTc  an  outlet  for  the  pro,lH,  tiona  of  her  ..oil,  which,  for  wiint  of  meani 
of  Interrommunlcntlon,  ran  not  now  leach  a  market.    Population,  1000. 

KeitllSburKh,  rounty-scst  of  Mercer  county,  lllinoii,  is 
a  miiall  town,  plennantlv  situatpd  on  the  MissiRelppl.  It  has  a 
Kood  landinir,  ktu\  in  the  outlet  of  a  rich  country.  Larpc  q-ian- 
titles  of  KHiin  are  produced  in  the  vicinity  and  shipped  to  vari- 
ous points  along  tne  river.  . 

OanillVka,  county-seat  of  Henderson  county,  Illinois,  is 
situated  on  the  east  l.anic  of  the  Mississiopi,  five  hundred  miles 
below  the  Falls.  It  stands  on  a  sandy  slope,  and  is  a  place  of 
considerable  trade.  It  contains  a  printing  office  and  several 
irood  stores.     Population,  lOtlO. 

RlirlinBton,  lowu,  the  old  capital  of  the  state,  and  coun- 
ty-seat of  Des  Moines  county,  in  one  of  "'"/.esthuilt  towns  on 
the  Upp.'r  Missi.ssippi.  U  is  surrounded  by  hills,  which  add 
greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  place.  The  town  is  reLmlarly  laid 
out.  and  contains  several  neat  churches  and  fine  residences  lU 
incn-ase  in  commerce  and  population  have  far  ^"T'J.;^*  '»i'»/ 
of  any  other  town  in  the  slate.  Aud  when  ^i'^Pr^jected  inter- 
nal improvements,  in  the  way  of  r"'l'-oid'<- «»''!  [''f. '^"mP ll^ri 
uniting  it  with  the  capital  of  the  state,  and  with  the  Missouri 
river  on  the  west,  Burlington  will,  at  no  distant  d'T- »ie<:°™«  » 
large  and  important  coruinercial    ity.     Population.  4000. 

Chii-aiiquc,  or  Skunk  river,  a  small  stream,  enters  the 
Mississippi  from  lowa,  a  few  miles  below  Burlington. 

Fort  ^adi^ion,  county-seat  of  Lee  county,  lo^a,  is  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi.  It  became  a  town  m  1BJ&  , 
Sncluia  t  nur  t  has  increasVd  rapidly^  The  town  occupies 
the  silo  of  an  old  fortification,  built.  In  l808,  as  a  defense  against 
thel.  d  ansrwho.  in  18i;i,  obliged  the  garrison  to  abandon  and 
burn  e  fort.  It  contains  a  handsome  court-house,  a  number 
of  elegant  churches,  the  Iowa  Penitentiary  two  spacious  hotels, 
and  inany  well-built  private  residences      Population,  1.10«  . 

Montrose,  Lee  county,  Iowa,  is  situated  on  an  elevated 
prS"Sc;.mma.ids  a%iew  of  the  river  and  country  for 
twanty  miles  around.    Numerous  Indian  mounds,  tha  depogi- 


tnrirs 

town 
is  the 

:iiiO. 

Moriii 

It  is  > 

hiirfai 

West. 

laid  I 

twelv 

other 

the  C] 

build 

eight, 

and  < 

worll 

date 

of  Ih 

new 

tweh 

brazi 

striie 

one  c 

belie 

end 

iMlte 

did  I 

lege.-- 

and 

raea« 

thro^ 

by  a 

1848 

ruini 

ciali 

bein, 

arc  I 

ceed 

does 

Th 
thair 
tweli 
who 


ippi  Rivim. 


,  In  one  of  Ihe  llneiit  hullillnfCl 
lunilrnl  »nrt  twenty  ftpt  lon«, 
nti  of  the  biilliUiiff  ia  ■ustnlned 
K  It  a  rtili  Kiiil  i-ltgint  »pp«ir- 
ti'd  ill  mllroiiil  iupgrcm.  Nu- 
ll projcrtwl  within  her  horder»  i 
?m  Dubuque  to  lown  City,  »n<l 
,  «rB  nil  In  prnnroiii.  Thu»  will 
Mill,  which,  for  wiint  of  meani 
market.    Population,  1000. 

M«roer  county,  lllinoii,  is 
the  Mississippi.  It  has  a 
ch  country.  Large  quan- 
;inity  and  shippi-a  to  vari- 

derson  county,  Illinois,  is 
issippi,  five  hundred  miles 
ly  slope,  and  is  a  place  of 
tinting  office  and  several 

ital  of  the  state,  and  coun- 
of  the  b»'st  huilt  towns  on 
iided  by  hills,  which  add 
rhe  town  i»  regularly  laid 
CH  and  fine  residences.    Its 
I  have  far  surpaHsed  that 
1  when  the  projected  inter- 
Iroads,  shall  he  completed, 
jte,  and  with  the  Missouri 
t  no  distant  day,  become  a 
.     Population,  4000. 
a  small  stream,  enters  the 
jflow  Burlington. 
)f  Lee  county,  Iowa,  is  on 
it  became  a  town  in  1835  ; 
lidly.    The  town  occupies 
n  lo08,  as  a  defense  against 
he  garrison  to  abandon  and 
ome  court-house,  a  number 
ntiary,  two  spacious  hotels, 
ces      Population,  1,100 
,  is  situated  on  an  elevated 
r  the  river  and  country  for 
Indian  mounds,  the  deposi- 


ROUTK   ur    IHB    MI8SIBSIPPI    RIVSIT 


81 


lorli"!  of  the  ancient  dead,  nrp  f.nind  in  the  vicinity.  l'hl» 
town  standi  at  tlu'  hciul  of  the  Lowtr  Itnpi'ls  {De$  Moine$),  and 
i><  the  place  nf  ri'>lii|>piiig  in  time  of  low  water.  Population, 
Mill).  , 

tVauVOO,  Hiiiicdck  county,  Illinois,  the  sacred  city  of  the 
Mormons  (kt  iiolf),  \*  llic  most   remarkable  city  in  theUiiioll. 
It  is  siUiaU'd  on  a  liiyh  slope,  ch^valed  several    feet  above  the 
Rurf.ice  of   Ihe  riviT.     The  location   is  one  of  the  best  in  the 
West.     The  land  was  purchased  by  the  Mormons,  and  the  city 
laid  out  in   1H40,  umler  the  direction  of  Joe  Smith.     It  was 
twelve  miles  in  circumference — streets  regular,  crossing  each 
other  at  right-nnf,'les.     The  dwelliiiffs  were  mostly  plain,  with 
the  eiception  of  the  Great  Temple,  wliicli  was  one  of  the  finest 
buildings  in  the  West ;  it  was  one  hundred  and  thirty  feet  l-mg, 
eighty  eight  foet  wide,  sixty  five  feet  to  the  top  of  the  cornice 
and  one  hundred  and  sixty-three  to  tlie  ton  <if  the  cupola,  and 
worth  half  a  million  of  dollars.     It  was  designed  to  accommo- 
date a  congregation  of  three  thousand  persons.    The  basement 
of  the  temple  co!itaiiied  the  baptitlry,  or  brazen  sea,  in  which 
new  converts  were  baptized.      This   pool  was   supported   by 
twelve  gilded,  colossal  oxen,  and  was  designed  to  imitate  the 
brazen  sea  of  Solomon.     In  the  ereoliou  of  this  magnificent 
structure,  most  of  the  male  population  were  engaged.     Lach 
one  considered  it  his  duty  to  contribute  as  far  as  he  was  able, 
believing  he  was  erecting  a  temple  which  would  stand  till  the 
end  of  time.      The  Mormons,  supposing  tlicmselves  the  true 
ijalte,-  Day  SainU,  into  whose  hands  tho  earth  would  soon  pass, 
did  not,  at  all  times,  pay  a  due  regard  to  the  rights  audprivi- 
leges  of  others.     This  constantly  brought  them  into  difhculty; 
and  though  often  in  fault,  yet  thoy  were  persecuted  beyond 
measure.     Smith  and  others  of  his  sect  were  arrested  and 
thrown  into  prison,  where,  in  June,  1844,  they  were  murdered 
by  a  lawl  ss  mob,  without  even  the  form  of  a  trial.     In  October, 
1848,  the  temple  was  fired,  and  soon  reduced  to  a  he!>p  of 
ruins.    The  city  is  now  in  the  hands  of  a  band  of  French  So- 
cialists; the  property,  however,  is  in  constant  dispute,  there 
being  no  good  titles.    Only  a  small  number  of  the  dwellings 
arc  occupu'd— the  Mormon  population,  which  at  one  time  ex- 
ceeded 15,000,  having  moved  to  Ut*h.    The  present  population 
does  not  exceed  2000.  ,    ■  . 

Note. 

Th«  Mormoni  first  appeared  in  the  United  Ste ttt  abont  1830.   Joieph  Bmlth, 

their  piophet,  pretended  to  have  found  an  addition  to  tho  Bible,  enjraved  on 

twelve  gulden  platei.     After  being  submilted  to  Profesior  Anthon  and  otheri, 

who  pronoBBoed  the  inictiptioni  a  men  of  JBrgon,  he,  by  Dlvitte  aiiiittao*, 


S2 


noOTK   OF   THK   MISSISSIPPI   EIVKrv. 


WK.  enabled  to  get  »  correct  trnnslntion,  which  he  p.il.li.he.1  under  the  title  of 
the  Bfk  of  M„nn,;,.  I'liii  hook  pretends  to  throw  lome  light  upon  the  hii- 
tory  ot  the  losl  Tribe,  of  l.rael :  how  they  found  llieir  way  to  America  by 
cic.ing  llehriiig'.-  f'lr.iils,  tra.elins  alooR  the  .liore.  of  the  Pacific  till  they 
leached  the  warm  and  heauiilul  country  of  Mexico.  Here  they  lormed  i.ttle. 
ment.,  and  .ent  coloniei  to  Central  America  and  Peru.  They  applied  them- 
•elvc.  to  agricnhure,  built  ciliei  and  temples,  which  they  adorned  in  the  moil 
magnificent  .tyle,  Thev  soon  degenerated,  however,  and  established  loi 
themselves  one  of  the  mist  cniel  s.-tems  of  idolatry  ever  invented  by  inan. 
At  the  great  Temple  of  the  t^un,  ten  thousand  human  beings  were  sacrificed 
annually.  A  large  mounil,  estimated  to  contain  several  millions  ol  human 
•kulU,  has  recently  been  discovered  in  Chili.,  near  the  remains  ol  one  of  t lies, 
temples.  Thus  we  see,  that,  according  to  Joe  Smith  and  bis  deluded  lollow- 
ers,  all  those  stupendous  ruins  which  are  found  in  Mexico,  Central  and  South 
America,  and  which  have  been  so  grnpiiically  described  b;  Stephens  and  olh- 
ers.  are  folly  explained,  and  their  history  simple  and  well  understood.  Th« 
mysterious  plates  contain  the  records  of  events,  the  history  of  which  wonld 
have  puzzled  the  worlil  till  the  end  of  lime. 

Nashville,  Lee  countv,  Iowa,  is  a  small  place,  four  miles 
below  Nauvoo.     Population,  100.  ,    ^    r  ,     t\ 

Keokuk,  Lee  county,  Iowa,  situated  at  the  foot  of  tlie  Lies 
Moines,  or  Lower  Rapids,  is  a  place  of  considerable  trade.  In 
low  water,  large  boats  from  below  can  not  pass  the  rapids  ;  their 
freittht  is  discharged  at  Keokuk,  conveyed  to  Montrose,  ami  re- 
shiiiped  on  smaller  boats.  Notwitlistanding  that  titles  to  prop- 
erty, in  the  town  and  vicinity,  have  been  in  controversy  for  iiia- 
uy  years,  yet  few  towns  on  the  river  have  grown  lore  rapidly. 
It  contains  several  churclies,  a  high  school,  3  lat,-e  hotels,  a 
number  of  wholesale  and  retail  stores,  2  mills,  and  almost  every 
branch  of  raeclianics.  Five  steam  packets  ply  regularly  between 
Keokuk  and  St.  Louis.     Population,  3,500.  _ 

Church ville  (Alexandria),  Clark  county,  Missouri,  is  sit- 
uated at  the  '.nouth  of  the  Des  Moines  river.  It  contains  about 
12  stores,  and  50  dwellings.    Population,  200.  ,.,,,„ 

Warsaw,  Hancock  county,  Illinois,  stands  on  a  high  bluff 
at  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  near  the  site  of  old  Fort  Edwards.  The 
situation  is  such  that  it  can  not  be  swn  from  the  river.  It  con- 
tains 1  or  2  mills,  several  stores,  and  a  number  of  neat  dwell- 
ings.    Popuhition,  1,200.  _,    e-u- 

Des  nioines  Bivcr  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  Minne- 
sota, and,  after  a  cour.se  of  four  hundred  miles,  joins  the  Missis- 
sippi four  miles  below  Keokuk.  It  is  navigable  for  steamboats 
two  hundred  and  fifty  miles.  The  boundaay  line  between  Iowa 
and  Minnesota  runs  along  this  river  for  several  miles. 

Tally,  Lewis  county,  Missouri,  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  Mississippi,  eighteen  miles  below  Warsaw.  PopulaUon,  2 jO 


Lit 

west  si 
ftcoiida 

au 

an  ele 
miles  f 
view  0 
porkp 
the  M 
Chicaf 
and  se 

ma 

bank  ( 

It  uxto 

contai 

llil 

Missis 
son  C 
miles 
It  con 
soon  1 
»ia 
oil  th( 

direct 

tlie  m 

Lo 

bank 

ir.     I 

Cli 

Hi 

town 

and  e 

iii^ 

west 
ulatic 

GIL 

from  t 

is  verj 

Bi 

on  ll 
JUim 


•WPiStl*'^^  aW"  »• ' 


8IPPI   RlVKii. 


cli  he  pul)lulieil  iind«r  tlie  title  of 
o  ilirow  lome  liglit  upon  the  h'n- 

lounil  tlieir  way  to  America  by 
e  sliurei  of  the  Pncifio  till  they 
lexico.     Here  they  lormed  lettle. 

and  Peru.  They  applied  them- 
,  which  they  adorned  in  the  moil 
I,  however,  and  e«tabli«hed  foi 
f  idolatry  ever  invented  hy  man. 
id  human  being*  were  lacrificed 
inliiin  leveral  millions  of  human 

near  the  reinains  ol'  one  of  tlies* 
le  Smith  and  hi«  deluded  follow- 
nd  in  Mexico,  Central  and  South 
ly  ileicribed  b..'  Stephens  and  0th- 
niple  and  wel!  understood.  Th« 
venti,  the  history  of  which  would 

is  a  small  place,  four  miles 

tuatod  at  the  foot  of  the  Des 
;  of  considerable  trade.  In 
n  not  pass  the  rapids  ;  their 
iveyea  to  Montiose,  ami  re- 
istanding  that  titles  to  prop- 
been  in  controversy  for  ina- 
r  have  grown  lore  rapidly. 
;li  school,  3  lat,-e  hotels,  a 
•s,  2  mills,  and  almost  every 
ackets  ply  regularly  between 
,  3,500. 

lark  county,  Missoiiri,  is  sit- 
les  river.  It  contains  fibout 
liition,  200. 

inois,  stands  on  a  high  bluff 
e  of  old  Fort  Edwards.  The 
seen  from  the  river.  It  con- 
id  a  number  of  neat  dwell- 

the  southern  part  of  Minne- 
dred  miles,  joins  the  Missis- 
;  is  navigable  for  steamboats 
boundaay  line  between  Iowa 
■r  for  several  miles, 
ri,  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
w  Warsaw.  Population,  250 


ROUTE    OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


23 


JjX  Grange.  Lewis  conntv,  Missouri,  is  situated  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  just  below  the  mouth  of  tlie  Wy- 
aconda  river.     Population,  COO.  ,„      .       ,      ■ 

Auincy,  county-seat  of  Adams  county,  Illinois,  stands  on 
an  elevation  above  the  river,  about  one  hundred  and  fifteen 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois  river,  and  commands  a  fine 
view  of  the  surrouiidinff  country.  Tliere  is  a  large  amount  of 
pork  packed  here,  annually,  and  shipped  to  various  points  along 
the  Mississippi.  It  has  a  projected  railroad  connection  with 
Chicago,  viaLasalle.  The  town  contains  a  splendid  court-house, 
and  several  fine  ciiurches.     Population,  7000. 

inarlon  City.  Marion  county.  Missouri,  is  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Mi.ssissippi.  The  location  of  the  town  is  beautiful. 
It  extends  along  tlie  river  bank  for  about  a  mile  and  a  half ;  and 
contains  a  population  of  100.  .       .      ^    .         it 

Hannibal,  Marion  county,  Mi.ssouri,  is  situated  on  the 
Mississippi,  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles  north-east  of  Jeffer- 
son City.  A  railroad  hence  to  St,  Josephs,  Mo.,  upward  of  200 
miles  in  length,  is  now  in  progress,  to  bo  completed  in  l«5b 
Jt  contains  a  number  of  good  stores  and  several  nulls,  and  will 
soon  become  a  large  business  place.     Population, '1,0)0. 

Savei-ton,  Halls  county,  Missouri,  is  pleasantly  located 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi.     Population,  200. 

Salt  Blver  rises  in  Missouri  and  Hows  in  a  south-easterly 
direction  till  it  joins  the  Mississippi,  ninety-four  miles  above 
the  month  of  the  Missouri.  .   .      .,     .  j       .i,  » 

Louisiana,  Pike  county,  Missouri,  is  situated  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  two  miles  below  the  nioutli  of  Salt  riv- 
iT  It  contains  many  good  residences.  Population,  <U. 
Clai'Ksville,  Pike  county,  Mis.souri,  is  but  a  small  place 
llambUl-Kll.  Callioun  county.  Illinois,  is  a  flourishing 
t.)wn  on  the  east  side  of  tlie  Mississippi.  It  has  a  good  landing, 
and  employs  considerable  capital  in  mercantile  and  manufactur- 
i  HO- pursuits.     Population,  200.  ....         ,1  „ 

'Wcstport,  Lincoln  county,  Missouri,  i.s  situated  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  tea  miles  below  Hamburgh.  Pop- 
ulation, 200. 

GILT,  AD,  Calhoun  county,  Illlnoia,  is  »r  tuotcd  on  ft  .lough,  a  short  distance 
from  the  river,  and  fifteen  miles  below  Westport.  The  location  of  this  towa 
is  very  much  agiilnst  its  growth.    Population,  600. 

Bailey's  Landing,  Lincoln  county,  Missouri, '«  "tu'ited 
on  the  Mississippi,  twenty-two  miles  -.bovo  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois  liver.    Population,  100. 


24 


ROUTE   OF    THE   MISSISSIPPI    RIVKB. 


Illinoi«i  River  rises  in  the  north-eastern  part  of  the 
Stale  of  Illinois,  and  after  a  course  of  four  hundred  miles, 
„  ,i  s  ;  ill  he  Mississi,,].i  i.>  latitude  38"  5H'  norlh^  the  nv 
"is  for,u..d  l.y  the  un.'on  of  the  Kankakee  and  Des  T  ame, 
r  vers  Al.ove  the  UK-uth  of  Vern.ili..n  i.vur,  it  is  greatly  ob- 
.truelf.l  l.y  rapids;  l.ut  below  this  point  th..  current  i**  g«»t  ;■, 
and  the  river  s  naviLMble  for  steamboats  during  inost  of  the 
veaV  The  land  bonVering  on  the  river  is  gencrallv  rich,  but 
Object  to  frequent  inundations.  Steamboats  as««nj  the  ri«,r 
„l,.;ut  two  hundred  and  fifty  mdes,  where,  by  the  aid  of  the 
01ii>'a«o  an.l  Illinois  canal,  a  direct  comraunication  is  opened 
Willi  the  Lakes.  .     .  ,,  „,„,„ 

(jii-itfton,  Jersey  county,  Illinois,  is  a  small  place. 
Alton,  Madison  county,  Illinois,  is  Kituatcd  on  the  east 
fii.^'f  theM  sissippi.two  and  a  half  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
the  M  '  ou"r  ThJ  lo^^-n  is  well  laid  out-streets  w:de  and  reg^ 
ular  The  commercial  advant.ages  of  thus  place  are  second  to 
none  in  the  State.  The  surrounding  country  abounds  m  good 
timber  and  coal.  It  c.mtains  the  Illinois  Penitentiary,  a  num- 
ber of   good  churches  of  various  denoiii  nations    and  Beveral 

schoos.^  There  is  near  a  million  of  <!"»'»'«  «''P'''^  *T.^!n 
in  he  various  business  operations.  The  Sangamon  4  Alton 
Kailroad  connects  this  city  with  Springfield  the  capital  o^^^^^ 
state    A  road  is  also  in  progress  connecting  it  with  1  erre  Uaute, 

''•Se<-''^'<'°'';'fj";;'^;^i,  the  to  di-tiDt  n,oml.li.. 
SXw...     Tta"3Sn"r'e..t.rtichn,U<io^.ilh.«fe 


a  soiitl 
from  tli 
luimhei 
isiilion 
the  ri 
when 
Diiriiiy 
biiiits  ■ 
voiir,  it 
ve-sels 
Klo 
Illiiioi." 
cotton- 
beeu  fo 


St. 

Urges 
sissip 
latitui 
found 
Ruppr 
.sis.sip 
centci 
reigni 
limes 
the  ri 
and  c 
cred  ■ 
howe 
Bpaci 
housi 
etonc 


ROUTE   OP   THE   MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


26 


J  nortli-oastern  part  of  the 
86  of  four  liundrcd  miles, 
ide  38"  5H'  norlh.  The  riv- 
Kankakee  and  Dcs  Tlaines 
iliou  rivur,  it  is  greatly  ob- 
point  tlic  current  is  gentle, 
.nibouU  during  most  of  the 
river  is  generally  rich,  but 
Steamboats  ascend  the  river 
s,  when;,  by  tlie  aid  of  the 
;t  coinraunication  is  opened 

ois,  is  a  small  place. 
)is,  is  situated  on  tlie  east 
lalf  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
.id  out— streets  wide  and  reg- 
I  of  this  place  are  second  to 
ng  country  abounds  in  good 
Illinois  Penitentiary,  a  nuni- 
denoniinations,  and  several 
1  of  dollars  capital  employed 
18.  The  Sangamon  &  Alton 
Springfield,  the  capiUl  of  the 
junecting  it  with  Ten-e  Haute, 

the  mouth  of  the  Missouri, 
'.omparatively  gentle  stream, 
>low  this,  its  character  is  en- 
I  longer  clear.  Uniting  with 
,  forming  islands  and  remov- 

is  lost  m  the  bosom  of  the 
in  the  far  distant  mountains 
•nts  which  roll  down  the  sides 
nfler  mingling  together  their 
rh  a  windiiig  course  of  three 
'  the  Great  Father  of  Waters. 
its  course  is  a  foaming  moun- 
■h  a  chasm   of  perpendicular 
1  and  twelve  hundred  feet  ui 
Incky  Mountains.    Sixty  miles 
ns  a  succession  of  cataracts, 
a  in  grandeur.    In  the  space 
H  a  descent  of  three  hundred 
irough  vast  prairies,  and  after 
'e  and  navigable  river,  it  takes 


a  soiilli  easterly  direction,  olitaining  its  principal  tributaries 
from  the  West,  'i'lie  chiiiiiicl  is  rendered  intricate  by  tiie  great 
luuiilier  of  islands  and  sand-bars;  and  in  many  jilaces  tiie  nav- 
icaiiiiii  is  made  very  liazardnus  by  tlie  rafts,  snags,  banks,  Ac. 
flio  river  begins  to  rise  iu  Slan-li,  and  continues  till  July, 
when  llie  sumiinr  floods  uf  its  remote  tributaries  come  in. 
Duriiii,'  tills  |ieri.id.  theie  is  sufficioiit  deplli  of  water  for  steam- 
bdiits  ^of  almost  iiiiy  class;  but  dining  the  remainder  of  the 
vfiir,  it  is  hiinlly  navigable  for  any  distame,  by  the  smallest 
ve-sels  tiiat  tbial'iiiHUi  the  western  waters.     See  pat/e  158. 

ItlOOtly  Island,  situated  in  the  Mississippi  between 
Illinois  Town  and  Si.  Louis,  is  a  sandy  island,  covered  with 
cotton-wood.  It  is  the  place  where  a  number  of  duels  hav» 
been  fought.    Hence  its  name. 


VIEW  OF  BT.  LOUIS  FROM  BLOODT   I8LAXD. 

St.  LoniS,  capital  of  St.  Lonis  county,  Missouri,  is  the 
largest  city  in  the  ^tate.  It  is  pleasantly  «'t>mted  on  the  M.s- 
sissiDDi  eighteen  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri.  Its 
h^  i^Se'is  38=  36'  north,  and  its  longitude  89''  56'  west  It  wa8 
founded  about  1764,  by  a  company  of  French  fur  traders,  who 
supposed  it  to  be  a  spot  where  the  trade  of  the  Missouri,  Mis- 
siisfppi,  and  other  great  rivers  of  the  West,  would  be  likely  to 
center.  It  received  the  name  of  St.  Louis  in  honor  of  the 
reigning  sovereign  of  France.  The  city  rests  upon  .t  bed  of 
liniestone,  and  is  elevated  some  distance  above  tlie  surface  of 
the  river.  The  streets  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city  are  narrow 
and  dirtv.  In  the  back  part,  the  land  |s  qu'te  level  but  cov- 
ered witli  pools  and  stagnant  water.  The  center  of  the  city 
however,  is  «-ell  built  and  contains  many  good  buildnigs,  with 
spacious  and  beautiful  gardens  attached  to  them.  The  court 
house  is  a  splendid  building;  the  lower  floor  is  paved  with 
Btone     In  the  center  there  is  a  rotunda  with  a  sash  top,  and 


-5X".*P^:'k-,v*' 


26 


ROUTE   OF   TUB   MISSISSIPPI   RIVKR. 


two  circular  sUira  starling  from  the  center  in  diflforent  direc- 
tions The  iii>i(le  rtni>h  is  of  luavy  oak;  the  witnesses  all 
have  fine  oak  desks  and  seats;  tlie  judge's  seat  is  very  much 
like  a  chuicli  pulpit  of  the  "Corinthian  order  I  he  city 
hall  and  Catholic  cathedral  are  also  very  splendid  luiildiiiL'S. 
Tlie  latter  lia.s  a  chime  of  six  bells,  the  largest  of  which  weighs 
over  two  thousand  pounds,  'i'hero  are  also  several  medical 
schools  and  universities,  tilled  with  students  from  various  pai-U 
of  the  country.  . 

The  location  of  this  city  for  commerce,  is  second  to  none  in 
the  West  It  is  the  center  of  a  vast  and  fertile  country,  watered 
»-*  tlie  largest  rivers  in  the  world.  The  country  bordering  on 
the  upper  Mississippi  is  well  adapted  to  tlie  growing  «)f  wheal, 
which  is  shipped  in  large  quantiUes  to  St.  Louis.  1  Uus,  ht. 
Louis  is  fast  becoming  one  of  the  greatest  flour  market-s  in  the 
Union  The  total  annual  commerce  of  St.  Louis,  including 
exports  and  imports,  can  not  be  far  from  $100,000  000.  And 
■when  the  immense  chain  of  railroads  now  projected— much  of 
which  is  either  completed,  or  under  contract  and  progressing 
rnpidlv— connecting  St.  Louis  with  the  farthest  eastern  cities, 
and  w'ith  distant  western  and  southern  ones,  shall  be  finished, 
who  can  put  bounds  to  its  growth  or  compute  the  immensity 
of  business  that  must  center  here  1 

In  1849,  the  city  was  visited  by  much  the  largest  conflagra- 
tion that  ever  occurred  in  the  AVest.  Although  the  amount  of 
property  destroyed  was  much  hws  than  that  of  the  great  fire  in 
N-w  York,  yet  the  extent  of  the  burnt  district  far  exceeded  it. 
The  fire  began  among  the  boats  .it  the  wharf,  and  after  burning 
twenty-one  of  thein,  commuuiciited  to  the  heavy  mercantile 
houses  along  the  river.  Several  hundred  persons  were  thus,  in 
H  few  minutes,  thrown  deslitul*  upon  the  world,  who,  but  a 
short  time  before,  were  enjoying  the  pleasures  of  a  peaceful 

The.  population  of  the  citv  has  increased  rapidly  :  in  1810,  it 
W.1S  les^s  than  2000  ;  in  18:)0,  it  was  7000  ;  in  1840,  it  was  16,- 
000  ■  in  1845,  35,000  ;  and  in  18r)0,  70,000. 

Illinois  Town,  St.  Clair  county,  Illinois,  is  situated  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  just  opposite  St  Louis.  The 
great  "  Ohio  <fe  Mississippi  Railway."  connecting  S.  Louis  with 
Cinciun-iti  and  the  east,  terminates  here.  As  will  also  the  line 
from  Terre  Haute,  eventuallv.  A  road  to  Belleville  has  been 
laid  out  and  is  under  C(uitfact— <list,ance  14  miles.  A  Bt«am 
ferry-boat  maiutains  constant  communication  with  St.  Louis. 
Population,  GOO.  ,  .t.    a    . 

Cataokia,  St.  Clair  county,  Illinois,  was  one  of  the  first 


.«\ippli( 

no. 


8Pttled  tc 
to  1700, 
.Itiiill  of 
.if  spciKJ 

vicinity. 
C'ai-fl 

Missouri 
five  mile 
Frinch  i 
v('!,'Otabli 
Illation,  i 
.IpffC! 
below  St 
ry  establ 
attached 
[■.lied 
in 

counties, 
empties 
is  navigi 

Ilaii 
uati'd  on 
racks,     i 

Here 
below  Hi 
ing  towi 
vicinity, 
and,  beii 
of  lead  f 

Brld 
site  Her< 
point  of 

Scln 
bank  of 
has  a  go 
Shot  are 
is  about 

Fort 
French  f 
It  was  ti 
the  treal 
w.iUs  an 
ing  up  ai 
t(i  oe  the 
niasonrj 


BSIPPI   RIVKR. 


r 


ROtJTK   OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI   RIVER. 


27 


a  center  in  difTorent  dircc- 
■avy  oiik;  llie  witnesses  all 

jiiiine's  scat  i-i  vitv  much 
■iiithian  ord.-r."  The  city 
,o  very  s|ilL'iiilid  buildiiiL'8. 
the  largest  of  wliich  weiglis 
c  are  also  several    medical 

sluduiils  from  various  part* 

iierce,  is  second  to  none  in 
and  fertile  country,  watered 
'I'lie  country  bordering  on 
ed  to  tlie  growing  of  wheat, 
ies  to  St.  Louis.  Thus,  St. 
;reatest  flo\ir  markets  in  the 
rce  of  St.  Louis,  including 
ir  from  $100,000,000.  And 
is  now  projected— much  of 
Dr  contract  and  progressing 
1  the  farthest  eastern  cities, 
lern  ones,  shall  be  finished, 
1  or  compute  the  immensity 

much  the  largest  conflagra- 
Although  the  amount  of 
than  that  of  the  great  fire  in 
unit  district  far  exceeded  it. 
the  wharf,  and  after  burning 
ed  to  the  hiiavy  mercantile 
.indred  persons  were  thus,  in 
upon  the  world,  who,  but  a 
the  pleasures  of  a  peaceful 

ncreased  rapidlv  :  in  1810,  it 
as  7000  ;  in  1840,  it  was  16,- 
,  70,000. 

)uuty,  Illinois,  is  situated  on 
ist  opposite  St.  Louis.  The 
y,"  connecting  H- .  Louis  with 
s  here.  As  will  also  the  line 
road  to  Belleville  has  been 
distance  14  miles.  A  steam 
nuiunication  with  St.  Louis. 

lUiuois,  was  one  of  the  first 


settled  towns  in  Illinois.  It  was  settled  by  the  French  previous 
tri  1700,  and  o;irly  became  the  seat  of  the  fur  trade.  The  situ- 
•itioM  of  the  town  is  very  unhealthy,  and  few  Americans  think 
,)!'  spendini;  a  season  here.  Coal  is  found  to  some  extent  in  the 
vioi'iiity.     Population,  2(10. 

('ai'Olldsilf^t,  Cforinerly  Vide  Poche,)  St.  Louis  county, 
Missouri,  is  situated  on  tlie  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  near 
five  miles  below  ,St  Louis.  It  Is  a  .small  village,  settled  by  the 
Friuch  in  17()7,  and  n,)W  supplies  the  St.  Louis  market  with 
v('i,'etidiles.  It  contains  2  academies,  and  several  schools.  Pop- 
ulation, 3000. 

.lefTcri^OlI  Barracks,  St.  Louis  county,  is  eleven  miles 
below  St.  Louis,  and  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  U.  S.  militA- 
ry  establishments  in  the  West,  and  has  a  large  cavalry  school 
attached,  from  which  the  mounted  troops  upon  the  frontiers  are 
supplied. 

Iflaraincc  Kiver  rises  in  Crawford  and  Washington 
cniinfies,  Missouri,  and  flows  north-east,  then  south  east,  and 
empties  into  the  Mississippi,  twenty  miles  below  St.  Louis,  and 
is  navigable  simie  sixty  miles. 

Harrison,  Monroe  county,  Illinois,  is  a  sm.iU  village,  sit- 
uated on  the  Mississippi^  twenty  miles  below  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks.    Population,  1.50. 

Herculanciini,  Jefferson  county,  Missouri,  two  miles 
below  Harrison,  and  thirty-seven  below  St.  Louis,  is  a  flourish- 
ing town.  There  are  a  number  of  shot  towers  here,  and  in  the 
vicinity,  overhanging  the  tall  cliffs  on  the  banks  of  the  river; 
and,  being  a  principal  port  of  the  lead  district,  a  large  amount 
of  load  and  shot  are  annually  exported.     Population,  700. 

Bridm^CWatcr,  Monroe  county,  Illinois,  is  nearly  oppo- 
site Herculaneum.  It  is  a  small  village  ;  and.  in  a  commercial 
point  of  view,  of  but  little  importance.     Population,  200. 

Sclma,  Jefferson  county,  Missouri,  is  situated  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  thirty-five  miles  below  St.  Louis.  It 
has  a  good  landing,  and  carries  on  considerable  trade  in  lead. 
Shot  are  also  made  here  in  large  quantities.  The  population 
is  about  300. 

Fort  Chartres,  Randolph  county,  Illinois,  was  an  old 
French  fort,  built  in  1720,  as  a  defense  against  the  Spaniards. 
It  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  English  in  1765  by  virtue  of 
the  treaty  of  Fontalnblau.  It  is  now  a  heap  of  ruins.  The 
w.iUs  are'  fast  crumbling  aw.iy,  and  vines  and  trees  are  spring- 
ing up  around  these  venerable  retnains.  This  fort  was  designed 
t(i  be  the  strongest  on  the  continent :  its  walls  were  built  of  solid 
masonry,  in  quadrangular  form,  490  feet  in  circumference.    It 


s^'Vi^^i^l:.xVJ.w4ri"'-  ■ 


>?.;«  .§«tEK:x-;-i;'?-<;^'S* 


r 


fS 


BOCTB   OF   THE  MISSISSIPPI    RIVKB. 


was  the  head  quarters  of  the  commandant  in  upper  Louisiana, 
and  the  center  of  fasliion  in  the  West. 

Note. 

ST.  OENKVIEVE,  capitnl  of  Ocm-vii-vo  county,  Missouri,  it  B  pleaiant 
town,  lixty-one  milei  Leiow  St.  Loui>,  and  the  olde«i  in  Ihe  tilalt.  It  itaodi 
about  two  milei  bai:lt  Troin  the  river.     Population,  3,000. 

Directly  back  of  thii  town,  a  few  miles,  ii  I'otoii.  It  is  locatad  in  tht 
6neit  mineral  diitriot  in  th«  United  Stalei.  The  Iron  Mountain,  th»  greateit 
natural  curiosity  in  the  West,  is  also  in  the  vicinity.  This  mountain  is  an  >1. 
most  solid  mass  of  ore,  three  miles  long,  a  mile  broad  at  the  base,  and  tines 
hundred  feet  high. 

Kasknskia  River  rises  near  the  center  of  the  State  of 
Illinois,  and  after  a  course  of  four  hundred  miles,  empties  into 
the  Missis-sippi,  near  the  southern  terminus  of  the  American 
Bottom.    It  18  navigable  for  steamboats  one  hundred  and  fifty 

miles. 

Note. 

KASKASKIA,  capital  of  Kaskaskia  county,  Illinois,  situated  on  Ihe  Kit. 
kaskia  river,  seven  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  the  oldest  Kuropean  settlement  is 
the  Mississippi  valley.  It  was  founded  by  Father  Uravcn,  in  the  latter  pan 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  gradually  became  the  central  point  of  Frencli 
colonization.  When  ceded  to  the  English,  in  1703,  it  contained  one  hundred 
families.  The  town  contains  several  Catholic  institutions,  a  court  house  and 
United  States'  land  olfice.  The  inhabitants  are  mosOy  of  French  origin. 
Population,  1,000. 

Chester,  Randolph  county,  Illinois,  is  on  the  east  side  of 
the  Mississippi,  one  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Kaskaskia 
river.  The  town  is  built  on  an  elevated  bottom,  and  is  the 
commercial  depository  of  a  fine  country.  It  is  a  flourishing 
place,  and  contains  a  population  of  700. 

Mary's  Klver  rises  in  Illinois  and  flows  south-west  into 
the  Mississippi.    It  is  a  small  stream,  and  not  navigable. 

Devirs  Bake-oven  and  Crraud  Tower. — These 
are  names  given  to  a  portion  of  a  gigantic  range  of  rocks,  rising 
to  a  considerable  height  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  nearly  mid- 
way between  St.  Louis  and  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  The  sum- 
mits of  this  range  are  crowned  with  vegetation,  which  looks 
smilingly  down  upon  the  water  as  it  dashes  against  its  base. 
The  current  here  is  very  swift;  and,  by  its  force  and  constant 
■wearing  away  of  the  cliffs,  it  has  separated  a  large  portion, 
which  stands  like  a  gigantic  column  in  the  midst  of  the  waves. 
Such  is  "  Grand  Tower,"  which  rises  near  fifty  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  river. 

Those  hardy  boatmen  of  the  West,  who  navigated  our  west 
era  waters  before  the  introduction  of  steam,  dreaded  this  place 


more  th( 
ii-iiiid  ll 
l.v  niL'aii 
|/iokiiut  I 

■llicl.  will 
tliclll.  'J 
tcuiptiiif^ 

ifliid 
tliL"  Missi 

l>evi 
natural  c 
tliaj)cs,  r 
cr  archit( 
ju^ticallv 

Bain 
seven teet 

Cape 
on  the  Ml 
has  a  nui 
and  I'CC 
Idt  here 
Mary's  C( 
jirut'essoi 

Comi 
of  the  M 

ill!^8.      It 

ulation,  l 
OIlio 

bank  of  I 

fiw  lions 

Cair< 

of  the  O 
good  one 
ing  this 
ate  place 
iieeting  i 
south,  hi 
prevent  t 
tieretofor 
its  locati 
I'loin  tlie 
ping  poii 
Oljio 
Allegan 
principal 


r 


ISIPPI    RtVER. 


ndaat  in  upper  Louisiana, 


it. 


ROUTE   OP   THB   MIS8I8SIPPI   RIVER. 


29 


1 


I  county,  Miitonri,  ii  B  pleaiant 
he  olileit  in  (he  State.  It  itaaili 
ation,  3,000. 

II  I'otaii.  It  is  located  in  tht 
The  Iron  Mountain,  the  greateit 
riciniiy.  Thii  mountain  ii  an  at 
mile  broad  at  the  baie,  and  tliiu 

ir  the  center  of  the  State  of 
lUiidred  miles,  empties  into 
terminus  of  the  American 
>ats  one  hundred  and  fifty 


nty,  Illinoii,  litnated  on  the  Kai- 
Lhe  oldest  European  settlement  is 
Father  Uravcn,  in  the  latter  pan 
Bcame  the  central  point  of  French 
in  ITQ3,  it  contained  one  hundred 
lie  institutions,  a  court  house  and 
ints  are  mosily  of  French  origin. 

inois,  i»  on  the  east  side  of 
c  mouth  of  the  Kaskaskia 
elevated  bottom,  and  is  the 
luntry.    It  is  a  flourishing 

700. 

is  and  flows  south-west  into 
ra,  and  not  navigable. 
Uraud  Toivcr. — These 
gaiitic  range  of  rocks,  rising 
(Tes  of  the  river,  nearly  mid- 
ith  of  the  Ohio.  The  sum 
ilh  vegetation,  which  looks 

it  dashes  against  its  base, 
d,  by  its  force  and  constant 

separated  a  large  portion, 
n  in  the  midst  of  the  waves. 
les  near  fifty  feet  above  the 

st,  who  navigated  our  west 
of  steam,  dreaded  this  place 


more  than  any  other  on  the  river.  The  only  way  they  could 
a-ci'iid  llio  river,  wa.s  to  pull  their  boat-*  along  the  Illinois  whore 
liy  means  of  ropes.  The  Iniiians,  who  were  always  on  the 
IcM.koiit  for  plumler,  would  conceal  themselves  in  tfie  bushes, 
■ukI.  when  a  favorable  onixirtunily  offered,  would  fall  upon 
tJHiii.  Thus  many  valuable  lives  and  cargoes  were  lost,  in  at- 
tempting that  wjiifh  steam  now  accomplishe.s  in  perfect  security. 

illilddy  Kivcr  rises  in  Illinois  and  flows  .south-west  into 
the  Mississippi.     It  is  navigable  only  for  a  .short  distance. 

Uevil's  Tca-tiible  und  Cornice  Kocks  are  great 
natural  curiosities.  The  water  has  worn  the  rocks  into  regular 
tliapcs,  representing  continuous  rows  of  cornice  work  and  oth- 
er architectural  devices  of  the  greatest  beauty,  which  hang  ma- 
ji.'.<tically  over  the  river. 

Balnbridg;e.  Cape  Girardeau  county,  Missouri,  is  situated 
seventeen  miles  below  "  Grand  Tower."     It  is  a  small  place. 

Cape  Oirardeau,  in  the  county  of  the  same  name,  is 
on  the  Mississippi,  ten  miles  from  Jackson,  the  county-seat.  It 
has  a  number  of  good  stores  and  mills,  2  academies,  3  schools, 
and  1> convent.  There  was  a  severe  shock  of  an  earthquake 
felt  here  in  1811  :  also  another  in  1812.  It  is  the  seat  of  St. 
Mary's  college,  founded  in  1830  ;  which  now  has  a  president,  5 
professors,  and  a  library  of  2,500  volumes.     Population,  1,500. 

Commerce,  Scott  county,  Missouri,  is  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  and  contains  a  number  of  stores  and  dwell- 
ings. It  has  considerable  trade,  and  a  fine  country  back.  Pop- 
ulation, 300. 

OlliO  City,  Mississippi  county,  Missouri,  is  on  the  west 
bank  of  the  Mississippi,  just  opposite  Cairo.  It  contains  but 
l\w  houses,  and  is  subject  to  inundations. 

Cairo,  Alexandria  county,  Illinois,  is  situated  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio,  on  a  very  low  point  of  laud.  The  location  is  a 
good  one,  and  since  the  great  Illinois  Central  Railway  .connect- 
ing this  point  with  Chicago,  Galena,  Dubuque,  and  intermedi- 
ate place,  on  the  north,  and  the  Mobile  <fe  Ohio  liailway,  con- 
necting it  with  Alabama,  Mississippi  and  Tennessee,  on  the 
south,  have  become  certainties,  means  have  been  adopted  to 
prevent  the  frequent  inundations  to  which  this  place  has  been 
neretofore  subject,  and  it  will  doubtless  eventually  become  what 
its  location  warrants,  a  town  of  great  importance.  Steamers 
trom  tlie  Mississippi  and  Ohio  rivers  always  make  this  a  stop- 
ping point. 

Oljio  Uiver. — This  river  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the 
AUe^iany  and  Monongahela  rivers,  which  receive  their  waters 
principally  from  the  Alleghany  mountains.    These  rivers  are 


;.:i:ii!,i*i63JmSisr5«s«'s?9jfflTr 


so 


ROUTE   OF   THK   MISSISSIPPI   KIVKB. 


navisablo  :  the  ,...e  for  keel-boats,  two  iMiiuirea  and  fifty  mi  es. 
and  flu-  ot  1.  r  for  M.-ainhouts  us  far  a.  lln.wMsville,  sixty  nnlcs. 
The  Ohio  l»-i,>s  at  l'itt,l,u>-h,a.Kl.  aftw  ,mrMn„^_  a  south- 
westerly  course  of  one  thousand  uiiles,  en.pt.esinto  iheMissis- 
Binni   in  latitude  :t7"  norlli,  and  lon^ritude  HH-  jM   west. 

•^fl  en- are  no  obstructions  in  this  river,  other  than  sand-bars 
at  low  stages,  except  the  rapi.ls,  or  falls,  at  Louisv.  It- ;  the  river 
be  e  desccM.ds  twenty-two  and  a  half  feet  in  two  m.  es.     In  high 
water  the  largest  b.Iats  can  pass  over  the  fa  U  without  diftcul- 
Ty     and  in  orTlinar>' stages,  Uats  drawing  four  feet  or  less  can 
paU  safely  A..^/.,  under^the  charge  of  the  regular  falls  pilots 
Lcepl  in  high  stages  of  the  river,  ascertding  boats  nass  through 
fhe  catuil,  fioin  PorTland  to  Louisville.     The  Ohio  flows  ihrouKh 
a  rich  bed  of  blueish  limestone,  which  admits  of  a  fiue  po  liH. 
The  land  along  the  river  consists  mostly  of  fine  bottoms,  which 
are  probably  the  richest  in  the  Mississippi  vuUey.     1  his  nver 
wa.  called  f.y  the  French.  "  La  Belle  Kiviere  ;"  the  appropriate- 
ness of  whic.  any  one  will  acknowledge,  who,  f;.rthe  hrs   time 
Cats  upon  its  waters.     The  rich  procfucts  of  six  ot  the   argest 
states  in  the  Union,  pass  annuafly  down  this  river,  whicli  i8 
now  the  outlet  of  most  of  the  inland  commerce  of  the  country. 
The  Ohio  is  navigable  most  of  the  year,  for  boats  of  any  sue, 
and  for  small  class  steamers,  all  the  year  round,  to  Pittsfmrgh. 
Durixe  the  spring,  there  is  sufficient  water  to  float  almost  any 
vessel  that  rides  the  ocean  ;  the  mean  difference  between  high 
lud  low  water  mark  being  near  sixty  feet.     The  impediments 
to  navigation  in  the  Ohio,  consist  mostly  of  sand-bars,  wh  ch 
are  thrown  up  by  its  numerous  tributaries,  or  deposited  in  the 
b^nds  by  the'floods.     Several  plans  have  been  proposed  to  pre- 
vent  these  formations,  but  none  have  been  fully  tested. 

Baidwinsvlllo,  Scott  county,  Missouri,  is  situated  on 
thfwes"side  of  the  Mississippi,  a  short  distance  above  tolum- 
bu.  It  is  a  small  place  und'i^.ntains  a  population  of  only  m 
Columbus,  capital  of  Ballard  county,  Kentucky,  is  on  the 
MiBR*'s"ppi,  about  tWenty  miles  below  tl.e  mouth  of  the  Ohio, 
it  has  sTv'L.'al  extensive  warehouses,  and  is  a  flourishing  town. 

^"fi'lci'inun,  or  Mills  Point,  capital  of  Hickman  county. 
Kentucky's  pleasantly  located  on  the  Mississippi,  nineteen 
Ss  below  Columbus'^   It  contains  a  court-house  and  several 

''^nXS::^^  of  New  Madrid  -nty^M^-ft 

V»  „  notHfl  nlace     but  since  the  great  earthquakes  of  IHU 

Td  18  2  i   ha.  grcfaty  declined.     It  is  situated  in  one  of  those 

Si  curves  o^lends^o  common  in  the  lower  Mississippi. 


Piwions 
but  since 
niui  the  t 
several c 

Earttiqiii 
hi^h  nortlit 
mx  anil  I 
iince.  from 
evening,  1) 
midnijriit,  I 
st«4ippi,  wl 
appearnnce 
cloxinj^  lud 
dense  vapo 
from  the  be 
land,  Uoa 
Uie  retnrnii 
with  leo  I 
^ensEbion  {: 
cities.  Th 
takei  bevai 

Poin 

small  to\ 
lug  placi 
countries 

Bldd 
ly  a  land 
country  1 
vest.  Li 
shipped 
ries. 

L,lttl( 

fleasaut 
t  has  1  s 
i\CC<l 
ed  by  tl 
floods  ar 
current 
changes 
intricate 
<»biu 
west  iiitt 
Bcai 
is  a  men 


IPPI    mVKB. 


ROUTE   OF    THS   MISSISSIPPI   BIVXB. 


SI 


liiiiuired  and  fifty  miles, 
lltowiisvill.',  sixty  miles. 
iiflci-  imr-^inti^'  »■  s<nil'i- 
i,  cmptii'j.  iiitci  iheMissis- 
tudc  f'H^  5H'  wi'St. 
viT,  otlior  than  »i»nd-bars 
s,  at  Loiiif  villi' ;  the  riyor 
wt  in  two  inih'S.     In  high 
the  falls  without  difficul- 
wing  four  fett  or  less  can 
if  the  rejjular  falls  pilots. 
ending  boats  pass  through 
The  Ohio  flows  through 
h  admits  of  a  fine  polish, 
itly  of  fine  bottoms,  which 
ssippi  valley.    Tliis  river 
Riviere  ;"  the  appropriate- 
Ige,  who,  for  the  first  time, 
(fucts  of  six  of  the  largest 
down  this  river,  which  ia 
commerce  of  the  country, 
year,  for  boats  of  any  size, 
vear  round,  to  Pittsburgh, 
'water  to  float  almost  any 
in  difference  between  high 
ty  feet.     The  impediments 
nostly  of  sand-bars,  which 
itaries,  or  deposited  in  the 
have  been  proposed  to  pre- 
j  been  fully  tested. 
r,  Missouri,  is  situated  on 
hort  distance  above  Coluin- 
18  a  population  of  only  200. 
county,  Kentucky,  is  on  the 
ow  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio. 
,  and  is  a  flourishing  town. 

jpital  of  Hickman  couuty, 
I  the  Mississippi,  nineteen 
s  a  courthouse  and  several 

V  Madrid  county,  Missouri, 

le  great  earthquakes  of  IHll 

It  is  situated  in  one  of  those 

in  the  lower  Mississippi 


Pivvions  to  the  oartluiuake,  the  banks  were  somewhat  elevated; 
lilt  xiiiiT  (hat,  the  cuiiviit  of  the  rivor  has  undermined  tlicni, 
mill  the  Idwii  now  lies  quite  low.  It  contains  a  court  house, 
hi'viTul  churches,  and  a  numbt-r  of  stores.     Population,  000. 

Note. 

Earthqiiakri  are  very  common  in  tropical  conntriM,  but  an  leldom  felt  in 
hi^h  nortlirrn  latiluilei.  New  Mailntl  lulfered  more  during  the  eanhquakeiof 
18)1  and  1813,  llian  any  other  town  in  the  United  8tat«i,  either  before  or 
iince.  from  a  limilar  cauie.  The  tint  ihoolt  was  felt  in  the  eurly  part  of  the 
evening,  December  16lh,  and  being  sligtit,  gave  but  very  little  alarm.  About 
midniffht,  however,  the  sliocki  became  more  violent.  The  waters  of  the  Mit- 
stsiippi,  which  were  clear,  suddenly  rose  several  feet,  and  assumed  a  reddisb 
appearance,  at-  if  minuted  with  blood.  The  earth  0|>«iied  in  wide  fissnres,  and, 
clo>ing  inddenly,  threw  jets  of  sand  and  water  several  feet  into  the  air.  A 
dense  vapor,  like  smoke,  floated  in  the  atmosphere.  Sand.bars  seemed  to  ris* 
from  the  bed  of  the  river  and  drive  tlie  angry  waters  far  over  the  surface  of  thtt 
l»nd.  Boats,  broken  from  their  moorings,  soon  disappeared  in  the  vortioea  of 
the  retnrning  waters.  The  shocks  continued  to  be  repeated  for  several  weeks, 
with  less  and  less  violence,  till,  at  last,  they  died  away,  like  the  trembling 
-.ensa^ion  produced  by  a  wagon,  as  it  rolls  over  the  rough  pavements  of  onr 
cities.  The  town  appeared  to  sink  several  feet,  and  the  bottoms  of  several 
lakes  became  so  elevated,  that  they  have  since  been  planted  with  corn. 

Point  Pleasant,  New  Madrid  county,  Missouri,  is  a 
small  town,  seven  miles  below  New  Madrid.  It  is  a  flourish- 
ing place,  and  exports  large  quantities  of  corn  to  tlie  lower 
countries. 

Riddle's  Point,  New  Madrid  county,  Missouri,  is  mere- 
ly a  landing  point  for  goods.  It  is  located  in  the  midst  of  a 
country  that  pays  the  diligent  farm«r  with  an  abundant  har- 
vest. Larpe  quantities  of  corn  are  rai.sed  in  the  vicinity,  and 
shipped  to"  various  points  on  the  Mississippi  and  its  tributa- 
ries. 

Uttlc  Prairie,  New  Madrid  county,  Missouri,  is  a 
pleastiut  little  town,  tweiitv-seven  miles  below  Point  Pleasant, 
it  has  1  school  of  ;)5  soholafa,  and  3  churches.     Population,  500. 

SiCCdliaui'H  Cut-Oir. — These  cut-offs  arc  channels  form- 
ed by  tlie  currmt,  in  the  circular  bends  of  the  river.  The 
floods  are  coiistanlly  washing  away  the  banks,  thus  giving  the 
current  a  chance  to  go  where  it  pleases.  These  constant 
changes  in  the  channel,  render  the  navigation  of  the  I'iver  quite 
intricate. 

Obion  Biver  rises  in  West  Tennessee  and  flows  south- 
west into  the  Misstssipui.     It  is  navigable  for  sixty  miles. 

Bearfield  LanttlnK,  Mississippi  county,  Arkansas.  It 
is  a  were  lauding,  and  of  no  further  iaiportauce.         ,      , . 
3 


n 


■marnns^'^ 


r!"5aw 


3'. 


ROUTE   OF   THE    MISSIHSIPri    RIVKR. 


Forfcod  Ufor  Itivrr  HdWH  from  Wo-t  TcnnesKpe  into 
tlic  Mif«is!<ip[>i,  ii  few  inllcs  hflow  Ni'.dliani's  cnt  off.  It  is 
liavi);iil)l(!  Diic  luiiulrcd  and  iiiiu'ty-livo  iiiili"*. 

ANliport.  I^iuidciilulf  coiiiitv.  Tcniii'sx'i'.  is  on  llie  oast 
liide  of  till'  Missis^i|l])i,  near  the"  lower  end  of  tlio  Oanndmn 
Reach,  ll  lias  hevtral  wurc-lumwn  and  a  steam  saw  mill.  Pop- 
ulation, 21M). 

Osceola,  oounty-soat  of  Mississippi  roiintv.  Arkansas,  is 
0.  small  villaife,  jimt  at  the  head  of  Piiim  I'niiit  itnrt. 

Plum  Polill.— This  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  places  to 
pass  on  the  Mississip|)i.  From  the  freipient  chanij;e8  in  the 
ihaniiel.  bars  have  Inien  thrown  up,  in  whieh  a  lari,'e  amomit 
of  drift  has  become  embedded,  renderiii!,'  navi(,'ation  very  diffi- 
cult.    Quite  u  number  of  boats  have  been  lost  hero. 

1st  <'llick»saw  Kluil'.— These  bhitfs,  whieli  are  four 
in  number,  are  merely  i  /-dinary  bunks,  oxteiidinL'  for  a  few 
miles  along  the  river.  'i'))e  highest  is  elevated  about  thirty 
feel  above  liigh  wate«  inaik.  After  passing  these  banks,  the 
country  bordering  on  the  river  is  very  low;  the  ne.«  similar 
elevation  is  at  Vicksburgh,  three  hundred  and  sixty-tive  miles 
below.  .  11     1 

Fulton,  Lauderdale  county,  Tennessee,  is  a  small  £!»««■. 
situated  on  the  lower  extremity  of  the  1st  Chickasaw  bluff.  Jt 
contains  several  ware-houses,  and  a  number  of  dwellings,  and 
has  some  trade  in  cotton.  It  is  supported  by  a  rich  toimtry, 
•which  may  one  day  build  up  a  large  town,     ropulation,  41)0. 

llatcnce  lUvcr  rises  in  Tennessee  and  flows  west  into 
the  JMsFissippi,  one  hundred  and  seventy-eight  miles  lielow  the 
inout\  r<f  the  Ohio.  It  is  navigable  as  far  as  Bolivar,  seventy- 
five  ir.iics.  _  .  .^  1  J  *!,„ 
Randolph,  Tipton  county,  Tennessee,  is  situated  on  tne 
Mississippi,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hatchee  river,  near  the  head 
of  the  2d  Chickasaw  bluff.     It  is  a  small   place. 

3d  Chic.kasaur  Bluff  is  about  one  hundred  and  sev- 
entv-tive  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  presents  noth- 
ing attractive  in  its  appearance,  but  is  a  point  from  -which 
larcc  quantities  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped. 

ad  Chifkasaw  Bluff.— This  blutf  is  separated  from 
the  main  channel  of  the  nver  by  a  slough,  which  is  only  navi- 
(lable  in  high  stages  of  water.  . 

Oreenock,  Crittenden  county,  Arkansas,  is  a  small  vil- 
lage, situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi.    Popula- 

'"wolf  River  rises  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  of 


L 

■  Missisi 

■  Missis: 

■       nv 

■  West  ' 
I  mouth 
I      which 

regula 
streets 
it  is  til 
Bis.sipi 
eomtui 
than  \ 
Stales' 
necess 
enougi 
churcl 
large  i 
nierce 
runnii 
withtl 
to  com 
of  con 
miles. 

Pi4 
contai 
lent  la 

No 
pi  rivt 

Coi 
side  ol 

Fe; 
small, 
contai: 
is  abo: 

«t. 
east  ill 
navigi 

Sti 

post,  8 

He 

flouris 
stores, 
cotton 
from  t 


pri  iiiVKU. 


r 


im  \Vp-t  Tciiiipssoe  into 
cfdliiini's  <iil  off.  It  is 
>  mile-*. 

•iiiu's>('i'.  is  on  llie  oast 
IT  end  of  till!  (Janniiinn 
1  a  steam  saw  mill.   Pop- 

ppi  rountv.  Arkansas,  is 
urn  Pniiit  hart. 
lie  most  difficult  places  to 
I'reiiMcnt  changes  in  tlio 
n  wliieh  ii  l!iii,'e  amount 
ini,'  iinvigalion  very  difli- 
l)eeii  lost  hero. 
'SB  l)hitr«,  whifli  are  four 
iiks,  exteiidinf;  for  a  few 
is  elevated  ahout  thirty 
pa.ssing  these  banks,  the 
■ry  low;  the  ne.tt  similar 
dred  and  sixty-live  miles 

inessee,  is  a  small  place, 
e  1st  Chick!i.s.iw  hhiff.  ll 
mmber  of  dwelling,  and 
ported  by  a  ricli  toiintry, 
town.  Popnlation,  400. 
Dssee  and  flows  west  into 
enty-cight  miles  lielow  the 
as  far  as  Bolivar,  seventy- 

nnessce,  is  situated  on  the 
tehee  river,  near  the  head 
<uiall   place. 

)nt  one  hundred  and  sev- 
(le  Ohio.  It  presents  nolh- 
it  is  a  point  from  which 
llv  shipped. 

is  blutl'  is  separated  from 
lough,  which  is  only  navi- 

,  Arkansas,  is  a  small  vil- 
the  Mississippi.    Popula- 

them  part  of  the  State  of 


ROCTK   OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI   RIVXR. 


33 


Mississippi  and  flows  in  a  westerly  direction  till  it  joinil  the 
Mississippi  just  alxivc  Ment]ilil«.     ft  is  not  navitfable. 

ITI*>lll|»liiN,  Hhelliy  coiinly,  'IVnni'-^see,  is  the  ernin'rium  of 
West  Tennissee,  anil  ihe  tir--t  town  of  iiiii>ortanc>:  l)elow  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  built  on  the  41  li  Cliickasaw  l)lutf, 
which  is  near  tUirty  feet  above  liigh  water  mark.  Tlie  town  is 
regularly  laid  out  ;  Init,  owing  t<>  the  lack  of  pavements,  the 
streets  are  very  muddy.  If  is  destined  to  be  a  large  town,  an 
it  is  the  only  eligible  site  for  a  city,  on  either  side  of  the  Jlis- 
sissippi,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  and  Vieksburgh.  The 
commerce  of  tlie  place  consists  ))rincipaUy  of  cotton:  more 
than  1211,01)1)  bales  have  been  sliipped  nnnnally.  A  United 
Stales'  n.ivy  yard  lias  been  lately  estal>lisheil  here,  and  tlio 
necessary  buildings  are  being  ciuistriicled.  The  river  is  deep 
enough  to  float,  to  the  tJult',  any  vessel  of  war.  It  contains  6 
cliurclies,  2  medical  schools,  a  number  of  private  schools,  a 
lar^G  number  of  stores,  and  a  telegraph  oilice.  Its  annual  com- 
merce exceeds  $5,000,000.  'J'he  Memphis  A  Charleston  railroad, 
running  east,  via  Tuscumbia  and  Uuutsville,  Ala.,  to  connect 
with  the  ff ashville  and  Chattunooga  road,  and  one  running  west 
to  connect  this  city  with  Little  Ruck,  Ark.,  are  now  in  progress 
of  construction.  The  first  is  finished  as  far  as  CuUiersville,  S5 
miles.     Population,  12,000. 

Pickei'inif,  Shelby  county,  Tennessee,  is  a  small  village, 
containing  .several  large  commissiou  houses.  It  has  an  excel- 
lent landing.  . 

Nortollt,  De  Soto  county,  Mississippi,  is  on  the  Mississip- 
pi river,  ten  miles  below  Memphis.     It  is  a  small  place. 

Commerce,  Tunica  county,  Mississippi,  is  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  twcntv-tive  miles  below  Norfolk. 

Peyton,  county-seat  of  Tunica  county,  Mississippi,  is  a 
small,  flourishing  town  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi.  It 
contains  a  court-house  and  a  few  dwellings.  The  population 
is  about  500. 

9t.  Francis  River  rises  in  Missouri,  and  flows  south- 
east into  the  Mississippi.  It  is  four  hundred  miles  long,  and 
navigable  for  boats  three  hundred  miles. 

Stirling;,  Phillips  county,  Arkansas,  is  a  small  trading; 
post,  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  irancis  river. 

Helena,  county-seat  of  Phillips  county,  Arkansas,  is  a 
flourishing  town,  containing  a  court-house  and  jail,  several 
stores,  and  a  United  States'  Land  ofiice.  A  large  amount  of 
cotton,  raised  along  the  St.  Francis  river,  is  annually  shipped 
from  this  place.     Population,  500. 


?«:-rS5»-:-.~^r' 


34 


ROCTB   or    THE    MIB9I88IPPI    BIVE«. 


connrrt.  -li;.  Mi-M.-.,.,..  jun         /  -  ,„,  ..  tl...  Uu.-r  river 

:Si;::l'K!:i:;:^:^.!:-a^''':  >;:-^^^^^ 

*'i;i«;^^ii^  Uend'-Tir;:  Wnd  tuke«  itH  „.rae  from  iU 
r« 'Sr?'T/.  "V"  ».     TlK-re  i.  h  cut-off  here  wluch  .ave. 

ing  for  go..ds.     It  contuiiis  l".l  kw  l.oases. 

Yli-lorln.  Bolivar  conntv.  Mississippi,  i^  a  B.uall  place.  A 
large  I^"«ut  of  goodn  are  l.uJed  here  lor  ihe  luler.or. 

Ko««-  .....     . 

•   ..lat.l,.   ..,.,a  IKfoto  firit  b.heW  lU  Minmippi. 

Th.".c.  point  cannot  >'•-''';;';' ";'.;.  ';l':h'n,ou.l,  .If  Wh,..  nv.r. 
„„..  h,.v.  been  .on,r«;l,.re  ''•'«'•"  '•'•"'.""\n,l  thousl.  o.h.r  ..,...l.lion. 

«v«r  m.mniable  in  the  l.i.lory  o.  our  ^  ,_^  ^  ^^^,, 

mh  of  May.  15.'9.  After  «  -^»f;/,7^,„)^:,t  ,„,,,,  .„,,  .n,bi,io>..  to  b. 
b.,  on  the  co«.t  of  F";;-'"-  „^„  ';''f  *.'"^^^^^  *unge.l  m.o  tb.  wiU.  of 
U,.  fi,.t  .l,..ove,.r.  ol  Ibe  '7>"7;  '"' ./^fj  JJ„  ,,'pp„,..,  il„m  «t  .«ry 
Flori.!.  .n.i  began  ibe.r  ..».r,h  for  «°'''^„ J""  ""  „|^,,   'u.  .-:„,o  i.iv,«y.  con- 

ion.  fa.lmg.  nn.l  .uH'-  "«  ""'"  "'•  ^°'  ""'  1  j^  al  out   went,  mil.,  b.ia^w 
hi.  cour..  towar..  the  M.........p..  «b .    ■  "«  «»     "^  »';„  ,  ^   ,J„„,  „„.  „„„. 

,1*  mouth  of  the  Arkan.a.  ''*"•"•••'"'";,;,-  «««,*;»<..  I).  Soto'. 
,„,,  y.,.i.  frnn.  the  r.ver  «_n.  '  «  ';'';;".;°:.  ^Lu.,  on.' by  one,  peri.h- 
courage  here  began  to  f»'\ '■"•,'  '•^^"^'.r  ^eing  able  to  obtain  .uppbe. 
i„g  in  a  h«...l.  co,nmy.  7.''; '>»S'"'j''fX„..  and  alappn.nt.nen..  of  th.  .. 
,n.l  reinforcement.  Iron.  ^»''»-  ."'•;;' f  "''„', h„,  u.ey  hrmigbi  on  a  f...r. 
p..liti«n  began  10  w.,gl,  .0  heavily  on  "•"""''•  \™^„,;^     „",,.,„«  h,.  .„„. 


y.^  - 


>I    RIVBR. 


iiU'8  Ix'low  Ilflfim.  and 
■iix.  It  i«  sulli.  loully 
1  jmsst.illifliiit'Triver 
i-.c  liuiiilrcil  tiu\i'^. 
Mi  —  iwil'1'i.  '■*  B't"at<"d 
W.'.yon.     It  is  a  new  vil- 

tttkes  it*  iiarae  from  its 
But-off  hero  which  saves 

{unsart,  in  a  mere  land- 

JSt'S. 

ppi,  is  a  small  place.  A 
ior  the  interior. 

(irit  beheW  lli»  Mi"i"ippi. 
oin  111*  ile»i.ri|ilioni  gi»»n,  it 
il  th»  mouth  of  Whit*  riv«r. 

Anil  lliougli  ollior  •«|ie<lilioni 
1  hii  foriuni  anil  f»nie  in  th« 
1  «n<l  niinsial  conntri«»,  «u|)- 
of  M««ii;o.  Tint  eipoililion, 
laileil  I"'"'  Havnnn*  on  Iho 
•ki,  th«  fleet  lanilml  in  »  imf'! 

for  golil,  anil  anibitioui  to  b* 
ily  plungeil  into  tli»  wiUt  of 
ativei  opposeil  ili«m  at  every 
losiible,  U»  Holo  alwayt  con- 
ouniry  llirongli  wliiuh  h*  wai 
ir  ihe  good  cuniluct  of  hi«  p»o. 

yean,  thtouijh  a  populom  and 
liatippi.     He  uroi.eil  the  rivei 
■iiooil  of  White  river.     I'rovit- 
•  the  winter,  he  again  diretted 
died  about  twenty  mile,  beliiw 
eil  on  two  hilli,  about  one  bun- 
wn  of   fJiiai  Auyo.      Ue  Poto'i 
eit  frienii*,  one  by  one,  periib. 
■  being  able  to  obtain  luppliei 
and  di«appnintini-nH  of  the  ex 
il,  that  they  brimgbi  "»  »  fe»er, 
oinled  Luiiile  Moscoio  hitiuo- 
a  be  true  to  their  king  and  com. 
■tranger  in  a  lavage  land.     Hii 
apprued  of  hi«  death,  gave  out 
Uie  ground  ai  if  fcr  gtni;  *ni 


BOCTK    or   TH«    MISSISSIPPI    RIVE*. 


35 


liiiiieil  hlir  In  wcreiy.  But  Ihe  Iniluni  Hiipecfed  Iheir  inttiilinni,  and  they 
.  rirrmined  10  leiiiGve  Iik  ifmnin.  ihiit  ni;itit.  Tbey  ai'onrilingly  cut  a  large, 
jif,.:,  oak  tree,  nnil  niii.le  a  rolbn  by  «i;iv«iing  ihe  heiut.  Having  placed 
Jip  iMiily  iciuifly  in  llni,  lliey  >unk  il  in  ibe  middle  of  the  river,  in  nineteen 
falhomi  of  water.  ■I'biin,  llie  tirit  ducoverer  of  the  Mmmippi  retti  beneatii 
Ui  waves. 

Alter  iin  ahienre  of  four  ye»r<,  during  which  they  •uflered  the  mo«t  incred- 
('■V  hard'hipn,  the  reliiniinl  of  tliu  once  giillanl  niiny  lurreeded  In  reaching 
l  •  iin.  During  their  n  anderingt  Ibruugh  Ihe  conntry,  they  treated  the  nativea 
with  the  uinioit  cruelly,  their  lhir»l  liir  gold  remaining  to  the  lint.  See  Ir- 
Oitijj^K  Coniiueal  of   Fiundu. 

White  lllvrr  ri«ps  in  tlic  Blm-k  monntnins,  Missouri,  and 
fliiws  »i)iillii'ii>t  iiitii  till'  Mis»issi|i]ii.  Aliotit  M-vfii  niilcH  from 
Ihf  ii.oiitii  it  is  cuiiiiicU'il,  lliiiiui,'li  a  low  furcM,  by  a  biu'oii, 
Tvilh  the  Arkansas,  thirty  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  flows 
through  ail  extremely  fertile  tountry  and  rich  miiierul  district. 
Near  its  mouth  it  niiis  through  a  deep  swamp.  Its  length  is 
seven  humlrvd  miles,  and  it  is  navigable  for  boats  five  hun- 
dred miles. 

Arkaiisns  River  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountjtms,  and 
after  pursuing  an  east"rly  course  of  near  fvo  lliousand  miles, 
it  empties  into  the  Mississipjii  in  latitude  X]"  411'  nortli.  It 
flows  mostly  through  a  sandy  eountrv,  abounding  in  salt. 
Boats  have  aseiiided  this  river  as  far  as  l-'ort  Gibson,  nine  hun- 
dred and  sixty  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  river  above  this, 
and  even  duw'n  to  Fort  Pniitli,  sixty  miles  below,  loses  itself,  in 
dry  seasons,  among  the  quicksands  lliat  fill  its  bed.  The  cur- 
rent is  generally  very  rapid:  the  river  has  often  risen  fifteen 
feet  in  twenty-four  hours.  Next  to  llie  Missouri,  thi.s  is  the 
largest  tributiirv  of  the  Mississipjii,  though  not  the  most  im- 
portant. Below  Little  Km  k,  the  land  along  Ihe  river  is  mora 
productive,  and  well  timbered.  The  territory  drained  by  this 
river  and  its  tributaries  is  estimated  to  contain  ITt^.UOU  square 

miles. 

Nolea. 

FOFT  SMITH,  Crawford  connly,  Arknniai,  U  a  lively  little  town,  •itnated  " 
on  the  Arkaniai  river,  near  the  weitern  boundnry  of  the  State.  The  United 
etalei  government  bai  eitabliihed  a  fort  her*  for  the  protection  of  the  weit- 
•rn  frontier.  It  i»  just  on  the  Iniuudary  of  the  laillan  territory.  There  am 
in»ny  very  rich  merchant*  in  thia  town,  who  have  mnile  TB«t  fortunea  by 
trading  with  the  Iniliann,  huiidroda  of  wliom  can  he  aeon  in  town  every  day. 
BUnlteta  and  Kid-Ev-  »ell  Ix-ttcr  here  than  any  thing  elee.  Tlie  town  con- 
taini  a  population  of  eliout  700. 

LITTLK  HOCK,  capital  of  the  »tttt<',  Pulaaki  county,  la  on  the  Arkan«a», 
about  four  hundred  miles  from  its  moutli,  and  is  about  to  bo  connected  with 
Mamphia,  Tenn.,  by  railroad,  now  in  courw  of  conitroction,  which  wUl  wli 
•nch  to  Its  already  oxtensire  trsUe. 


36 


^ 


BOUTB   OF    THE   MISSISSIPPI   RIVER. 


This  town  was  oHiciatly  styled  Jirkvpulis^  bnt  the  name  Little  Roctc,  given 
Id  allusion  to  the  rocks  tbtind  in  the  vicinity,  beinj(  the  first  met  with  in  as- 
eending  the  river,  has  prevailed.  It  is  built  on  a  liigh  bljti'on  the  rij^ht  bank 
of  the  Arkansas  river.  Coal,  iron  and  valnalile  stone,  are  found  in  the  neigh- 
borhood. A  little  to  the  south-west,  and  near  the  center  of  the  State,  are  the 
celehrated  sulpliur  and  hot  sprinifs,  which  are  visited  hy  great  numbers  ofinva- 
lids,  and  are  said  to  possess  great  medicinal  properties.     Population,  3000. 

ARK.\N.SAiS  POST,  .Arkansas  county,  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  State.  It 
was  founded  hy  the  French  in  1083.  It  is  located  on  a  high  bluff;  but,  in 
the  e:tr  of  the  town,  tlie  l.ind  is  low  and  freiinently  inundated.  It  is  situated 
about  sixty  miles  I'roni  the  mouth  of  tiie  river,  and  contains  a  court  bouse, 
jail,  and  printing  olHce.     Po|)ulation,  UUU, 

TVsipolcon,  Cliieot  county,  Arkansas,  is  situated  on  the 
■west  bank  of  llie  Mississip|)i,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas 
river.  It  is  becoming  an  nnportaiit  point,  a.s  all  the  produce 
brought  down  the  river  is  hmded  there  for  re-shipping.  Popu- 
lation, (ilKI. 

Bolivar,  capital  of  Bolivar  county,  Mississippi,  is  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Mississippi  river,  mid  north  of  Lake  Bolivar, 
It  is  a  small  place,  being  merely  a  landing  from  which  produce 
and  cotton,  raised  in  the  interior,  are  shipped. 

ColUlk:1!)iiL,  county-se.at  of  Chicot  county,  Arkansas,  is  on 
the  Mississippi,  si.xty-six  miles  below  the  Arkansas  river.  At 
this  point,  tne  cotton  plant  begins  to  flourish  with  more  vigor, 
being  near  its  proper  latitude.  The  town  contains  a  court 
house  and  a  number  of  dwellings,  lt«  location  is  pleasant 
Population,  31111. 

Point  C'iiicot,  formerly  capital  of  Chicot  county,  is  on 
the  Mississippi,  four  miles  below  Columbia,  It  now  looks  like 
a  fine  plantation,  with  its  numerous  negro  quarters  scattered 
about. 

Cirecnvilic,  "Washington  county,  Mississippi,  is  a  small 
Tillage  a  few  miles  below  Point  Chicot.     Population,  200. 

Woi'tiliii{i;^tOii  fjaiiding't  Washington  county,  Missis- 
sippi, is  merely  a  landing,  and  of  no  further  importance. 

UraiKl  LiUkC  Lailding',  Chicot  county,  Arkansas,  is 
on  the  Mississippi,  near  the  soulliern  boundary  of  the  State. 
Grand  Lake  is  a  short  distance  Vjack  of  the  landing. 

Princeton,  county-seat  of  Washington  county,  Missis- 
sippi, is  a  landing  point  for  the  plantations  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Lake  Washington.  It  Is  a  small  village,  containing  a 
number  of  stores,  and  a  popul.ation  of  about  3U0. 

ISuncbc's  Bend  and  Cnt-oll'  is  ten  miles  beloir 
Princeton.    This  cutoff  runs  through  a  swamp,  and  is  but  a 


\ 


PPI   RIVER. 


It  the  name  Little  Rock,  fiven 
einjT  the  first  met  with  in  at- 
n  iitgh  bljft'on  the  rij^ht  bank 
itone,  are  fotinit  in  the  neigh- 
the  center  of  tlie  State,  are  the 
^ited  liy  great  ninnbert  ofinva* 
jperliej.    Population,  3000. 

!  oldest  town  in  the  State.  Tt 
CHted  on  a  hi^li  blnfT;  but,  in 
ntly  inundated.  It  is  situated 
,  and  contains  a  court  housef 


nsas,  is  situated  on  the 

mouth  of  the  Arkansas 

odiiit,  a.s  all  the  produce 

e  for  re-sliipping.     Popu- 

ty,  Mississippi,  is  on  the 

d  north  of  Lake  Bolivar. 

ding  from  which  produce 

shipped. 

It  county,  Arkansas,  is  on 

the  Arkansas  river.  At 
flourish  witli  more  vigor, 
3  town  contains  a   court 

Ita  location  is  pleasant 

of  Chicot  county,  is  on 
imbia.  It  now  looks  like 
negro  quarters  scattered 

V,  Mississippi,  is  a  small 
It.     Population,  200. 
ashington  county,  Missis- 
further  importance, 
licot  county,  Arkansas,  is 
n  boundary  of  the  State. 
)f  the  landing, 
shington   county,  Missis- 
itations  in  the  neighbor- 
mail  village,  containing  a 
f  about  3U0. 

-ofl'  is  ten  miles  below 
h  a  swarap,  and  is  but  a 


r 


I 


ROUTE  OF   THE   MISSISSIPPI   RIVER. 


37 


few  miles  across:  while  the  main  channel  flows  round  a  circu- 
lar Vk'ikI  of  Hourly  eighteen  miles. 

Providence,  capital  of  Carroll  parish,  Louisiana,  is  on 
till' Jllssis.-ippi,  niiii'tetii  miles  below  liunche's  beud.  It  con- 
tiiinsa  court  liouso.  jail,  hospital,  and  a  number  of  stores  and 
(Iwi'llings.  It  is  a  handsome  town,  and  hits  considerable  trade 
in  lottun.     Population,  .'ioU. 

TuihulU,  capital  of  Issaquena  county,  Mississippi,  is  a 
small  place  on  tin'  •  .ist  side  of  the  Mississippi.  It  contains  a 
court  house  and  a  few  dwellings.     Population,  200. 

IVole. 

LAKE  PROVIDENCK,  in  the  vicinity  iif  Providence,  and  from  which  the 
name  it  derived,  is  the  ancient  bed  of  the  Mississippi,  which  has  now  taken  a 
dilfeient  direction.  In  die  northern  and  southern  parts,  tliB  entrance  from  the 
river  has  become  closed.  Its  nut-let,  on  the  south,  is  through  Tensas  river,  or 
bayou,  a  brnmch  of  the  Washita.  It  is  here  that  the  Spuniali  muss  is  first 
seen  growing.  The  palmetto,  with  its  broad  leaves  spread  out  like  fans— the 
lofty  cotton-wood  tree— Uie  wild  and  impenetrable  cane-brake,  and  the  impat- 
salile  swamp,  all  Honrisli  here  in  their  native  characters.  Alligators  are  fre- 
quently seen,  reposing  upon  a  log,  enjoying-  tiie  sun  as  it  pours  its  scorching 
rays  upon  the  surface  of  the  water.  At  olher  times,  they  either  ait  quietly  on 
tlie  shore,  or  walk  delilierately  to  some  neighboring  swamp,  there  to  lave  in 
waters  untouched  liy  solar  raya. 

Tompkin^Ville,  Carroll  parish,  louisiana,  is  a  neat  lit- 
tle place,  I  ding  for  some  distance  aloiig  the  river,  and  con- 
tains the  r  ices  of  a  number  of  wealthy  planters. 

C'aiupK  jlfitVillc,  Carroll  parish,  is  also  a  settlement  of 
planters.     It  is  a  small  place,  and  of  but  little  importance. 

MilllkillSViilC,  Madison  parish,  Louisiana,  is  a  large 
settlement  of  planters,  who  have  many  fine  re.sidences. 

Ya'i^OO  River  rises  near  the  central  part  of  the  State  of 
Mississippi.  It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Tallahatchee  and 
Yallabusha,  which  are  navigable  rivers.  After  receiving  the 
Sun-flower,  which  runs  nearly  parallel  with  the  Mississippi, 
and  is  navigable  for  eighty  miles,  it  empties  into  the  Missis- 
sippi, three  hundred  miles  from  its  source.  The  country  bor- 
der ug  on  this  river  is  very  rich,  and  produces  cotton  in  great 
abut  dance.  From  Laflone,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tallahatchee, 
sever  d  large  steamboats  run  regularly  to  New  Orleans,  during 
the  cotton  season.  The  number  of  bales  of  cotton  that  annua!  ly 
float  down  this  river,  is  estimated  at  150,000.  It  is  navigable 
throughout  its  whole  length,  three  hundred  miles. 

Note. 

YAZOO  CITY,  Yazoo  oonnly,  Mississippi,  is  a  flonriihing  town  on  th» 
east  (ida  of  the  Yazoo  river,  about  one  hundred  miles  from  its  luonth.    It 


38 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MISSISSIPPI   RIVKB. 


i 


oontaina  neTeml  stoivii  ard  wnrebouiira.    I'opulAllon  800.    Stnice'  leavv  three 
tinti'a  a  WL'uk  fur  lloily  Springs,  and  Rtfnnitronta  rt>gutar!y  lor  Ni^w  Orlcaiin. 

Sparta,  Madison  parish,  Limisiann,  is  a  small  village  nearly 
opposito  tlie  nioiitli  of  Yazoo  river. 

walnut  Hills,  a  sliort  distance  above  Virksburgh,  ex- 
tend alon^;  the  river  for  about  two  miles.  They  rise  to  the  hight 
of  near  five  hundred  feet,  and  display  tlio  finest  scenery  on  the 
lower  Mississippi.  They  are  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation, 
which  renders  tliem  very  attractive  in  tlieir  appearance. 

VicRsblll'tJ^ll,  capital  of  Warren  county,  Mississippi,  is 
built  on  a  hill  nearly  three  hundred  feet  above  tlie  river,  and 
five  liundi  1  miles  afiove  New  Orleans.  It  was  settled  in  1824 
by  Neivitt  Vick,  Esq.,  and  became  a  city  in  18H6.  This  city  is 
the  depot  of  all  the  Yazoo  country.  The  soil  is  exceedingly 
fertile,  producing  abundant  crops  of  grain,  cotton  and  tobacco. 
About  yO,000  bales  of  cotton  are  aniiually  shipped  from  thia 
place  to  New  Orleans.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
J  acadeiniei),  a  theater,  and  several  public  and  private  schools. 
Population,  4000. 

This  city  presents  a  fine  view  from  the  river  ;  the  location 
being  high,  and  the  houses  built  in  terraces  on  tlie  sides  of  the 
liills,  give  the  whole  a  very  romantic  appearance.  A  railroad 
extends  to  Jackson,  the  capital  of  the  state,  forty-six  miles, 
•wliich  cost  $395,600.  There  is  another  road,  thirteen  niileo  in 
length,  that  extends  from  Jackson  to  Brandon — cost,  $100,000. 

A  system  of  railroads  connecting  this  city  with  New  Orleans, 
via  Jackson — and  with  the  eastern  cities,  via  the  great  South- 
ern Railway,  through  Alabama  and  Georgia-— with  Cincinnati, 
via  Na.shville  and  Louisville,  and  with  Galena  and  Chicago,  via 
Mobile  and  Oliio,  and  Illinois  Central  roads — are  all  in  course 
of  rapid  construction. 

¥vUl'l'cntOii,  Warren  county,  Mississippi,  is  a  pleasant 
little  town,  ten  miles  below  Vicksnurgh. 

Palmyra  i!k!ttll«nivut,  Warren  county,  Mississippi,  is 
on  the  Mississippi  river,  about  twenty-five  miles  below  Vicks- 
burgh. 

C^rthaf^e,  Tensas  parish,  Louisiana,  is  a  small  place,  and 
only  im|>ortant  as  a  landing.     It  contains  but  few  dwellings. 

Point  Pleasant,  Tensas  parish,  Louisiana,  is  on  the  west 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  ten  miles  below  Carthage.  It  is  a  mere 
landing,  containing  but  few  houses. 

Bii;  Itlacif.  Uivcr  rises  in  the  State  of  Mississippi,  and 
after  a  courw-  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles,  flows  south-west 
iato  the  Mississippi.    It  ia  navigable  for  boats  sixty  miles. 


« 


Oral 

located  i 
the  rivei 
cdutains 
Masonic 

Steam 
otlier  pi 

Hay 
low  Ora 
son,  wh 
mouth, 
a  popul: 

Bru 
plaee  at 

Ht.  J 
small  vi 
a  court ' 

Uod 

Unvn,  C( 
lation,  t 

rail 

oniiilies 

Nai4 

mostly  ( 
and  ia  t 
ville  («« 
gill  of  t 
the  aboi 
fesied  a 
in  this  ] 
men  of 
l.lo  bus! 
.ibout  ti 
tliis  poi 
titiiit'd. 
river,  it 
beyond 
eiljre  of 
of  deep 
regular 
are  but 
this  cit 
through 
rcpairct 
This  oil 


iStPPI   RIVKR. 


pulallon  800.  Stni?e»  leave  three 
jnta  rt'gulnrly  lor  New  Orleans. 

na,  is  a  small  village  nearly 

nee  above  Virksburgli,  ex- 
les.  'I'hi'y  rise  to  the  hight 
ly  tlio  finest  scenery  on  tlie 
a  hif^h  state  of  cultivation, 
II  tlu'ir  appearance, 
en  county,  Mississippi,  U 
J  feet  above  tlie  river,  and 
•ns.     It  was  settled  in  1824 

city  in  18H6.    This  city  is 
I'iie  soil  is  exceedingly 

grain,  cotton  and  tobacco, 
initially  shipped  from  thia 

a  court-house,  5  churches, 
>ublic  and  private  schools. 

urn  the  river  ;  the  location 
terraces  on  the  sides  of  tlie 
c  appearance.     A  railroad 

the  state,  forty-six  miles, 
her  road,  thirteen  niileo  in 
a  Brandon— cost,  $100,000. 
this  city  with  New  Orleans, 
cities,  via  the  great  South- 

Georgiaf— with  Cincinnati, 
til  Galena  and  Chicago,  via 
al  roads — are  all  in  course 

Mississippi,  is  a  pleasant 
irgh. 

Ten  county,  Mississippi,  is 
ity-five  miles  below  Vicks- 

Isiana,  is  a  small  place,  and 
itains  but  few  dwellings. 
sh,Louisi,ina,  ison  the  west 
low  Carthage.    It  is  a  mere 

le  State  of  Mississippi,  and 
xty  miles,  flows  south-west 
e  for  boats  sixty  inilvs. 


m 


ROTJTE   OF  THE   MISSMSim   RIVBB. 


39 


Grand  Ciiiir,  Claiborne  county,  Mississippi,  is  pleasantly 
located  on  Grand  Gulf,  which  is  nothing  but  a  large  bend  in 
the  river,  a  short  distance  below  the  mouth  of  Black  river.  It 
contains  a  public  hall,  theater,  hospital,  several  churches,  a 
Masonic  hall,  and  a  bank.     Population,  1 ,0(((>. 

Steamboats  arrive  and  depart  daily,  for  New  Orleans  and 
other  places  on  the  Mississippi. 

Unyou  Pierre  empties  into  the  Mississippi  ten  miles  be- 
low Urand  Gulf.  Keel-boats  can  ascend  it  a-s  tar  as  Port  Gib- 
son, which  is  a  flourishing  town,  about  thirty  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  the  county-seat  of  Claiborne  county,  and  contains 
a  population  of  a,OU(l. 

BruinsburKll<  Claiborne  county,  Mississippi,  is  a  small 
plaee  at  the  mouth  of  Bayou  Pierre. 

St.  Jo$«cpli,  capital  of  Ten-as  parish,  Louisiana,  is  a 
small  village  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi.  It  contains 
a  court  hou.se  and  a  number  of  stores.     Population,  200. 

Uodliey,  Jefferson  county,  Mississippi,  is  a  pleasant  little 
town,  containing  12  stores  and  several  good  dwellings.  Popu- 
lation, 500. 

rairchlld'n  Creek,  a  small  and  unimportant  stream, 
oniiities  into  the  Mississippi  a  little  above  Nulclicz. 

Naichez,  capital  of  Adams  county,  Mississippi,  is  built 
mostly  on  a  high  blulf,  lu'ar  two  hundred  feet  above  the  river, 
and  is  the  largest  town  in  the  State.  It  was  founded  by  D'lber- 
ville  (seenolp)  in  1700.  That  portion  of  the  city  on  the  mar- 
gin of  the  river  is  termed  "  N.vtchez,  indkb  tiik  hill," and  was 
the  abode  of  some  of  the  most  dissolute  wretches  that  ever  in- 
fested a  city.  Most  of  the  heavy  mercantile  business  is  done 
ill  this  part  of  the  town,  and  many  of  the  stores  are  owned  by 
iiitii  of  the  highest  respectability,  who  do  a  large  and  profita- 
l.le  business.  The  upper  town  stands  on  a  high  bluff,  or  hill, 
about  two  hundred  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  water.  From 
this  point,  a  fine  view  the  surrounding  country  can  be  ob- 
tiiiiied.  As  far  as  the  eye  can  reach,  along  the  margin  of  the 
river,  it  beholds  ricli  and  well  cultivated  plantations;  while, 
beyond  this,  mingling  with  the  blue  mists  that  float  along  the 
edge  of  the  horizon,  nothing  can  be  seen  butalioundless  waste 
of  "deep  and  impenetrable  swamps.  The  street*  are  generally 
regular  and  broad;  the  houses  are  built  mostly  of  wood,  and 
are  but  one  story  high.  In  1840,  a  severe  tornado  swept  over 
this  city  and  destroyed  a  large  amount  of  property.  But 
through  the  benevolence  of  other  cities,  the  damage  was  soon 
repaired — so  that,  now,  scarce  a  vestige  of  its  path  remains. 
This  city  is  one  of  the  principal  cotton  porta  on  tJie  Missis- 


-^s  stB^Se:^*.' 


^  ?^i;W**;"»**iiWW!6***'^ 


40 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MI8BI88IPPI    RIVER 


Bippi;  the  streets  are  often  renders!  impasspble  by  the  piles  of 
cotton  liak'rt  wiiiting  to  be  shipp.d.  The  ei;y  contains  a  large 
number  of  htoros,  3  chuiohes,  4  banks,  ii  hospital,  an  orphan 
nsvliini,  1  academy,  a  Masonic  hall,  and  several  steam  saw 
mills.  ,  •  1   v 

Natchez  lias  often  been  visited  liy  the  yellow  fever,  which  has 
taken  oft'  iiiaiiv  of  its  best  citiziiis.  During'  most  of  the  year, 
however,  it  i-a  very  health v  and  pleasant  phu-e  of  residence. 
It  carries  uu  an  extensive  inland  and  foieif^n  trade:  many  large 
vessels  come  up  to  tlie  town,  receive  their  fieiffht,  and  sail  to 
foreign  ports.  Tlure  are  several  largi-  founderies  here,  which 
are  extensively  eML,'aged  in  making  engines,  cotton  presses,  and 
sugar  mills,    "ropidalion,  7,011(1, 

Steamboats  arrive  and  depart  daily,  for  New  Orleans,  St. 
Louis,  Cincinnati,  and  all  intermediate  ports.  Stages  leave 
throe  times  a  week  for  Jackson  and  St.  Francisville. 

Note. 
D'Iberville,  wliose  name  occupies  a  large  ipace  in  the  early  hiitory  «f  onr 
conntry,  and  especially  in  those  events  which  transpired  on  the  lower  Mifiii- 
sippi,  was  no  ordinary  man.  He  was  a  Canadian  by  birth,  thongh  his  paranU 
came  originally  from  Normandy.  He  possessed  great  coorage  and  resolution : 
in  the  midnight  attack  upon  Schenectady-at  Port  Ne'son-at  Newfoundland- 
am),  lastly,  at  Hudson's  Bay-he  showed  himself  to  be  a  man  at  well  at  a 
Christian.  But  no  where  did  ha  display  himself  to  mora  advantage,  than  in 
the  discovery  of  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  the  last  great  act  in  his  event- 
ful  life.  He  set  sail  for  the  Mississippi  on  the  ITtl.  of  October,  1698,  with  two 
frigates,  two  small  vessels,  and  about  two  hundred  settlers.  When  they  u- 
rived  at  the  mouth,  they  found  it  greatly  obslrucled  by  bars  and  floating  drift. 
On  the  2d  of  March,  they  succeeded  in  entering  this  mighty  river  in  two  small 
barges ;  they  probably  proceeded  as  far  as  the  month  of  Red  river,  and  then 
returned,  by  way  of  the  Bayou  which  boars  his  name,  and  Lakes  Pontehar- 
train  and  Maurepas,  to  St.  Louis  Bay.  After  building  a  fort  and  leaving  bli 
two  brothers  in  command,  he  sailed  for  France.  About  thi.  time,  Henne- 
nin,  under  the  patronage  of  William  UI,  of  England,  published  a  book,  in 
which  he  falsely  asserted  that  he  had  explored  the  Mississippi  to  its  mouth. 
An  expedition  soon  sailed  from  England  to  take  advantage  of  this  prueiided 
discovery.  While  one  of  the  vessels  was  proceeding  on  her  way  up  the  riv«r, 
in  search  of  a  safe  channel,  they  met  DMberville's  brother,  who  had  been 
sounding  the  river  a  little  below  the  present  site  of  Now  Orleans.  Ho  told  the 
English  Captain  that  he  was  on  French  Territory,  and,  unless  he  reuetiud,  h« 
would  be  eompelled  to  use  tlie  force  at  his  command  to  prevent  their  advance. 
The  Englisls  believing  the  statement  true,  turned  back.  The  bend  in  which 
Uiis  interview  occurred  is  called  Kngtuh  Turn  till  this  day. 

In  December,  1899,  U'lberville  returned  from  Europe,  with  new  plans  of 
colonization.  In  company  with  his  brother,  he  ascended  this  great  river  for 
the  purpose  of  selecting  a  site  for  a  town.  When  he  arnved  in  the  country  of 
the  Natchez,  the  tireal  Sun,  their  principal  chief,  came  out  to  welcome  tlwm. 


IIPPI    RIVER 


mpasspble  by  the  piles  of 
The  ti;y  contains  a  large 
ks,  11  hospital,  an  orphan 
,  unJ  several   steam  saw 

tie  yellow  fever,  which  has 
During  most  of  the  year, 
■asiuit  place  of  residence. 
foreii?n  trade:  many  large 
Iheir  freifflit,  and  sail  to 
ri.  foundeiies  liere,  which 
'gines,  cotton  presses,  aiid 

ily,  for  New  Orleans,  St. 
liate  port«.  Stages  leave 
5t.  Francisville. 

ipsce  in  the  early  huterjr  of  our 
transpired  on  the  lower  Miiiii- 
iiiian  by  birth,  Ihongh  hi>  psranU 
led  great  coorafe  and  reiolntion : 
Port  Ne'son— at  Newfoundland— 
ntelf  to  be  a  man  at  well  ai  a 
lelf  to  more  advantage,  than  in 
1,  the  last  great  act  in  hii  event- 
a  17tli  of  October,  1698,  with  two 
inndred  lettleri.  When  they  at- 
ructed  by  ban  and  floating  drift, 
ing  this  mighty  river  in  two  small 
e  month  of  Red  river,  and  then 

hit  name,  and  Lakes  Pontchar- 
r  building  a  Tort  and  leaving  hit 
ranee.  About  this  time,  Henne- 
r  England,  pnblished  a  boolc,  in 
>red  the  Mississippi  to  its  month. 

take  advantage  of  this  prtiended 
oceeding  on  her  way  np  the  riv«t, 
)erville'»  brother,  who  had  been 
lite  of  New  Orleans.  He  told  the 
itory,  and,  unlets  he  reueaud,  he 
ommand  to  prevent  their  advance. 
urned  back.  The  bend  in  which 
urn  till  this  day. 
from  Europe,  with  new  pl-ins  of 
,  he  ascended  this  great  river  for 
When  he  arrived  in  the  country  of 
hirf,  came  out  to  welcome  tlwin. 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


41 


A  Wgh  bluff,  on  which  Natchez  now  stands,  was  selected,  and  ""'^  «»  »'  * 
in  honor  of  the  Counle.,  I'ont.bHrlrain.  The  fort,  however,  wa.  not  bnilt  till 
r ,,  .?„eln  V..-  r.  alter  the  ,.lec,.„n  of  the  .,le.  Up  to  this  t.m.  uo  perma- 
l;|,;\e..leu,e„t  ..»,>  b,e„  ma.le  a.  .Na.che..  The  few  trader,  and  hunter,  who 
1,,,;  lakpu  up  their  nho.le  animi!:  the  !n,llnu»,  did  not  attempt  to  form  a  sellle- 
„;.nt  Hut  , titer  the  .omplelion  of  the  fort,  the  ti.le  of  emigration  poured  in 
to  rapidbi"'-'''"""" ''*'■'"""""'  most  iniporinnt  place  in  Louisiana. 

Viflsilia,  Concordia  parish,  Louisiana,  is  .i  small  place, 
MU.aicd  oMtlie  Mi.-sis.sii,i>i.  opposite  Nat.hez.  It  i- the  county- 
>riii,  ami  contains  a  court  house  and  a  small  number  ol  awell- 

"  i]lli««  riiffs  is  a  high  ridgo  on  the  east  side  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, about  tw.ntv  miles  b.low  Natchez.  They  extend  for 
several  miles  alon-'tho  river,  and  tend  to  relieve  the  eye  of  the 
luw  and  monotonous  scenery  of  tlie  lower  Mississippi. 

rairvieu",  Concordia  parish,  Louisiana,  is  a  small  town 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  a  short  distance  below 

^"  llomochitto  Bivcr  rises  in  Mississippi  and  flows  west 
into  the  Mississippi,  twenty-si.\  miles  below  LUis  clitfe.    It  is 

only  a  small  stream,  and  not  navigable. 

Port  AdUlUM,  Wilkinson  county,  Mississippi,  is  a  small 
,„wn  on  the  river,  and  is  considered  the  port  of  ^""dv.lle  a 
tluiving  town,  a  sliort  distame  in  the  interior.     Population, 

3U0. 

Note. 

WOOmnLLE,  capital  of  Wilkinson  county,  Missit.ippi,  it  sitnated  in  the 
.„„th.we,tern  part  of  the  Slate,  eighteen  miles  from  the  river  It  is  a  neat 
an,l  flourishing  town,  containing  a  court  house,  market  house,  bank,  and  sev. 
„al  chtm^hes.  It  it  connected  with  St.  Francisville  by  a  railroad.  Popnla- 
lion,  1,500. 

Ked  Biver  rises  near  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
in  the  mountainous  region  of  north-west  Texas.  After  pursu- 
inir  an  ea.sterly  course  of  fifteen  hundred  miles,  it  empties  into 
tlie  Mississippi.  It  receives  in  its  course  the  waters  "f  several 
rivers  the  largest  of  which  are  the  Blue  river  and  False  \S  a- 
sliita  or  Rio  Negro.  After  leaving  the  mountains,  it  flows 
tliroiiKh  extensive  prairies  of  rich,  red  soil,  wliich  impart  their 
oulor  to  the  water.  From  this  circumstance  it  received  the 
name  of  Red  river.  The  margin  of  the  river  is  ^"^'t^!'^ 
inanv  places,  with  fine  vines,  winch  arc  loaded  with  rich  fruits. 
The  bottoms  on  this  river  are  from  one  to  ten  miles  wide,  and 
■ire  well  timbered  with  willow,  locust,  cotton- wood,  pawpaw 
and  buckeye.  On  the  uplands,  elm,  ash,  hickory,  mulberry  and 
black-walnut  grow  in  great  abundance. 


42 


R0UT8   OF  THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIV5.R. 


About  one  hundred  miles  al>i)ve  Natcliitnrhes,  cotnmencejf 
what  is  terincd  the  "  Great  Haft."     It  consists  of  fallen  trees  and  j 
drift  for  seventy  miles,  and,  by  dainniintj  up  the  waters,  causes  | 
the  river  to  expand  to  the  width  of  near  twenty  miles.     In  some 
places  soil  has  collected  \ipou  it,  and  willows  have  taken  root. 
ft  was  so  cemented  to!,'etlier  that  horses  and  cattle  have  passed 
over  it  in  safely.     The  United  States  jrovernnicnt  has  cut  away, 
at  .rreat  expense,  a  large  porticm  of  this,  for  the  purpose  of  niali- 
ill'" a  safe  steamboat  .-liannel  through  it  ;  but  it  appears  to  ac- 
cuniulate  as  fast  as  it  is  removed.     Alonp  the  river  the  trees 
grow  very  tall  and  thick  ;  in  some  places  their  blanches  nearly 
meet  across  the  stream.  •     > ,    r 

Above  the  raft,  the  river  is  wide  and  deep,  and  navigable  for 
several  hundred  miles.  A  few  miles  below  Natchitoches,  the 
river  divides  into  a  number  of  channels,  and  extends  over  a 
larire  tract  of  countrv,  filling  numerous  small  lakes.  The  hot- 
toiii  land  along  the  river  is  very  fertile,  producing  corn,  cotton, 
tobacco,  and  sugar  cane,  in  great  alnindance  If  the  navigation 
of  this  river  could  be  permanently  opened,  the  fertile  lands  that 
now  lie  in  waste  would  soon  be  under  cultivation  ;  and  boats, 
laden  with  the  rich  products  common  to  the  West  and  South- 
west, would  glide  smoothly  along  its  reddened  waters,  to  the 
great  commercial  depot  of  the  South. 

8UREVEP0UT,  capital  of  Cadilo  parish,  Louisiana,  if  situated  near  the 
Iwundary  of  the  state,  on  the  south  side  of  Red  river,  Ave  hundred  inU« 
ahoTo  New  Orleans.  It lontaina a rourtrhouse,  2 rhurchps  and  several  atorci. 
This  place  is  improving  rapidly.  The  spirit  of  progress  has  rcacJied  Shreve- 
port  also:  and  a  railroad  from  Vicksburgh  to  Texas,  to  pass. through  here.li 
now  under  contract.    Population,  2,500. 

NATCHITOCHES,  Natcliitoches  pariih,  Loni»inna,  ia  sitnalnl  on  Had  titer, 
alioul  eiglily  miles  above  Alexaniiria.  Il  wai  first  leitled  by  the  French, 
under  a  grant  to  St.  IJenis,  wlio,  in  17i;i,  eslahlished  a  Irading  post  here.  In 
naS,  it  was  BttnuHed  by  tlie  Nntohez  Indians,  wlio  had  l)een  driven  from  tiieif 
owii'connlry,  after  the  great  massacre  of  tlie  iiSth  of  November,  1729.  After 
a  liard  fonglit  battle,  whioli  lasted  several  hours,  the  Imlians  were  repnised, 
leavin"  ninetv-two  of  their  bravest  warriors  on  tlie  Held.  Willi  this  battle 
ends  the  existence  of  the  Natchei  as  a  distinct  nation.  Those  who  w<re  talien 
prisoners  were  conveyed  to  the  West  Indies,  there  to  enjoy  the  ameels  of 
Spanish  slavery.     Population, 'i,300. 

ALEXANDRIA,  capital  of  Rapides  parish,  Louisiana,  is  on  Red  rirar,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  miles  from  in  month.  The  location  of  liie  town  is  very 
beanliful.  The  surrounding  countr;-  is  quite  level,  producing  cotton  in  great 
abundance.  The  town  consists  principally  of  one  long  street,  upon  which 
itaudi  the  conrt  house  and  several  fine  boildingi.    Population,  1,500. 


Rod 

Rcil  rive 
Imii;  licii 
tiiiii  Sh: 
across  ti 
came  su: 
pass  wit 


»*-(»»•»;■.■.  ^t,,^.^    * 


!8IPPT    RIVSB. 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MI98IS8IPPI    RIVSB. 


43 


Natcliitnchrs,  cotnmptice!'  t 
t  coiisif^ts  of  fallen  trees  ami  1 
niiiig  up  tlie  waters,  causes  j 
I'ar  tVcnty  miles.     In  some 
d  willows  hiive  taken  roor. 
i'i<'.4  and  cattle  have  paswd 
■1  ^rovernnicnt  has  cut  away,  j 
Ills,  for  the,  purpose  of  niali- 
;h  it  ;  but  it  appears  to  ac- 1 

Aloiift  the  river,  the  trees 
)lace»  their  branches  nearly 

uid  deep,  and  navigable  for 
les  below  Natchitoches,  the 
annels,  and  extends  over  a 
■ous  sraall  lakes.  The  hot- 
ilo,  producing  corn,  cotton, 
undance  If  the  navigation 
ipened,  the  fertile  lands  that 
ider  cultivation  ;  and  boats, 
lou  to  the  West  and  South- 
its  reddened  waters,  to  the 
li. 

,  Louisiana,  is  situated  ne»r  the 
of  Red  river,  five  hundred  inU« 
use,  2  rhurchPB  and  several  >torei. 
it  of  progress  bus  roacjied  Shrevfr 
to  Texai,  to  pass,  through  here,ii 

Loniiisna,  la  sitnateii  on  Rad  tlver, 
ll  wai  first  leitleil  by  the  Ftench, 
italilished  a  Irailing  post  here.  In 
>s,  who  had  heen  driven  from  their 
le  '.'gth  of  November,  1720.  Alter 
hours,  the  Iiulians  were  repnised, 
rs  on  tlie  field.  VViih  tliit  battle 
net  nation.  Those  who  w<re  taken 
lies,  there  to  enjoy  the  ameett  of 

iih,  Louisiana,  is  on  Red  river,  one 
The  location  of  tiie  town  is  very 
te  level,  producing  cotton  in  great 
ly  of  one  long  street,  upon  which 
Idingi.    Population,  1,500. 


Rod  Uivcr  Island  and  <  ut-off.— At  the  mouth  of 
I!.,l  riv.r,  the  main  chaunc.l  of  the  Mis.si>sipp.  ...akes  qu.toa 
lu"  bend,  leaving  a  v.rv  narrow  .strip  ol  laud  between,  tap- 
7  SI  r';-e,  of  lb.  I'u.ted  States  KMgi-.eers,  cut  a  chanttel 
■  cross  this  beiid,  which,  up..n  adu..lt.ng  the  Nvaters  .soon  l.e- 
came  sufficiently  wide  and' deep  to  allow  the  largest  boate  to 
pass  with  ease. 

Note. 
From  this  point,  the  waters  of  Iho  Mississippi  no  longer  flow  in  one  regular 
cllri.  but'sepa'ruong  into  a  number  of  branches  or  bayous,  they  wend    he  r 
J      tl,<ougb  lake,  and  swan,,..  In  the  liulf.  in  hue  nearly  parallel  w  Ih  th. 
nveu    .tream,tl>u.d,v>d.nglbe.oulbernp«rtorthe  t<la,e   .nto  a  number  of 
",    h       Ihe  large.,  of  .ife.e  bayous  „  A.chalalaya,  which  leave,  the  r.v.r 
jl,„u.  three  mile,  below  Ked  river,  and  pursues  a   .o.tbern  course  ft     tt   fall. 
ut^Atchafalaya  Hay,  on  the  OM  cast.      At  I'laquemme,  one  hundred  and 
«enfv.e,ghtn;iles  below,  there   ts   another  bayou,  which  ai.o  connect.  w,h 
!l,eOulf.     At  l)onnld.onville,elgl,ty.one  miles  above  New  Orleans,  the  justly 
celebrated  Dayou  La  FourcI.e  commences.     It  can  be  compared  to  nothing 
,U,  than  a  beautiful  ship  canal.     The  plantations  along  Ui.s  bayou  are  .0 
tliicli   thpt  they  resemble  one  continnous  town  stretching  Irom  one  extremity  to 
,U  o'tber'.     On  the  east,  the  prin.ip.l  out-let  is  the  Iberville,  which  comniun.. 
cates  with  the  Gulf, through  Lake.  Maurepas,  Poutcliarlra.n  and  Horgne.     Ih. 
aid  included   between   fhe..  bayous  is  called  th.  rf./'u  "' >.'••/''"'"'>•|■'' 
f,„m  its  resemblance  to  the  Greek  leuer  A  ('''"")•     This  land  i.  frequent  y  in- 
undated,  and  amu.nts  to  several  thousan.l  square  miles.     To  prevent  those 
ovetllows  as  mucli  as  possible,  embankments  have  been  thrown  up  along  th« 
„«er  called  the  lei'ti.     On  the  east  side,  the  embankment  commences  about 
sixtv' miles  above  New  Orleans,  a.id  extends  for  near  one  hundred  and  thirty 
miles  ;  on  the  west  side  it  begins  at  Point  Coupee,  one  hundred  and  seventy, 
two  mile,  above  Now  Orleans.     From  this  point  down  to  New  Orleans,  th. 
river  is  lined  witli  beautiful  plantation.,  upon  which  are  many  fine  and  costly 
residences.     They  have  narrow  fronts  on  the  river,  ornamented  with  be.iutll«l 
flowers  and  .hrubbery,  but  extend  back  into  the  interior  for  several  mile.. 
The  whole  ha.  the  appearance  of  a  town,  extending  along  the  margin  of  the 
river. 

Wtea  River  Landing,  Point  Coupee  parish,  Louisiana, 
is  a  small  place,  where  those  going  up  Red  river  usually  stop. 
It  contains  but  few  houses,  and  is  of  but  little  importance. 

Kitrcourci  Bend.— The  cm  of  here,  was  made  about 
three  years  ago,  by  order  of  the  State.  The  distance  by  the 
TZ  chnnnef  is  near  thirty  miles_by  the  cut-off  it  is  only 
about  half  a  mile.  The  width  of  the  cliannel  is  four  hundred 
yards,  and  sutticiently  deep  to  adi..it  the  largest  boats. 

'runirn  Bend  is  a  large  bend  a  few  miles  below.  Islana 
number  122  is  in  the  lower  part  of  this  bend. 

Bayou  Sara,  West  Felictana,  Louisiana,  is  a  noted  place 


44 


ROUTE   OP   THE   MISSISSIPPI   RIVFI. 


for  shipping  cotton.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  :v  thickly  settled  and 
well  cultivati'.!  country,  n  short  distance  fioni  St.  Francisville. 
SI.  FrailclMVlllt',  capital  of  West  Feliciana  parish,  is  a 
pleasant  place,  Iwiug  built  mostly  on  a  liill,  about  one  mile 
from  the  river.  It  is  connected  with  Woodville,  a  distance  o( 
twenty-eight  miles,  by  a  railroad.  That  portion  of  the  town 
that  stands  oi» the  hill  is  well  built,  and  contains  several  fine 
houses.  Along  tlic  margin  of  the  river,  tliere  are  a  number  of 
large  ware-houses,  from  which  a  large  amount  of  cotton  is  an- 
nually shipped.     Population,  5(M). 

roillt  4:oiip«V,  cai)ital  of  Point  Coupee  parish,  Louisi- 
ana, is  on  tlu!  Mississijipi,  opposite  St.  l-'rancisville.     It  is  a 
settlement  of  wealthy  planters,  mostly  French,  and  extends  for 
several  miles  along  the  river.     At  this  place,  the  Grand  Letit 
or  embankment  commences.     This  embankment  was  made  to 
protect  the  plantations  along  the  river  against  the  frequenl 
overflows.     A  few  years  since  the  high  water  broke  the  levee 
at  Coupee  to  such  an  extent  as  to  threaten  the  neighboring    . 
plantations,  for  miles  below,  with  complete  inundation.     The    i 
tendency  of   lower  Mississippi  to  seek  new  channels  to  the    3 
Gulf,  has  been  apparent  for  a  long  time.     The  cut-olfs  that  have 
been  made  above,  though  they  have  shortened  the  distance  sev- 
eral miles,  have,  by  giving   the  water  a  more  direct  course, 
greatly  increased  its  rapidi'y,  volume.and  pressure  against  its 
banks.     This  is  no  doubt  the  cause  of  the  crevasse,  which  has 
often  been  the  means  of  destroying  entire  plantations,  and  || 
burying  villages  in  water.     The  land  on  the  river,  from  this  ^ 
point  to  the  Gulf,  is,  with  few  e.xceptions,  below  the  surface  of 
the  water,  even  at  its  ordinary  stage.     From  this  and  other  cir- 
cumstances, it  appears  that  the  whole  of  this  lower  country, 
was  once  either  a  great  lake,  or  an  arm  of  the  sea,  which  has 
become  filled  up  by  the  iiumeiibe  and  rapid  deposits  of  the 
Mississippi.  .     . 

Waterloo,  Point  Coupee  parish,  Louisiana,  is  situated  on 
the  Mississippi,  at  the  outlet  of  False  river.  It  is  a  hand-^rae 
settlement,  surrounded  by  rich  and  beautiful  plantations.  Pop- 
ulation, 20(».  ,„....,         „ 

Tlioiupson's  Ct'eck  enters  the  Mississippi  from  tho 
cast,  a  short  distance  above  Port  Hudson. 

Xo«e. 
JACKS'IN,  K«»t  Felician*  pari»li,  Louisiiina,  ii  limnted  on  the  cast  nit 
of  Thompion'i  creek,  about  twelve  milei  from  St.  Francisville.  It  i>  lh« 
•eat  of  Louisiana  College,  founded  in  1683,  which  hsi  an  able  facnlly  of  9 
profeiioit,  over  100  itudenH,  and  abont  2,000  volnmei  in  its  lihrarie*.  The 
annnal  commencement  ii  on  the  firit  Wednejday  in  June.  The  town  con- 
Mini  ieveral  chnrohei,  3  aoademiei,  and  a  population  of  1,000. 


l»o 

Slllilll 

built 
river, 
railroi 

'111 
river, 

Bti 


[ssippi  Rivri. 


BOUTE   OF   THE  MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


45 


idst  of  :\  tliifkly  settled  and  \ 
aiice  fioni  St.  t'ranoisville. 
WcHt  Feliciana  parish,  is  s 
r  on  a  liill,  about  one  mile 
h  Woodvillf,  a  distance  of 

That  portion  of  the  town 
t,  and  contains  several  fine 
•ivrr,  tliure  are  a  number  of 
rge  amount  of  cotton  is  an- 
oint Couppe  parish,  Louisi- 
to  St.  Francisvillf.  It  is  a 
stlv  French,  and  extends  for 
this  place,  tlic  Grand  Lettt 
i  embankment  was  made  to 

river  against  the  frequent 
'  high  ■water  broke  the  levee 
to  tlireatcn  the  neighboring 

complete  inundation.  The  j 
)  seek  new  channels  to  the 
time.  The  cnt-olfs  that  have 
e  shortened  tlie  distance  sev- 
water  a  more  direct  course, 
ime.and  pressure  against  its 
ie  of  the  crevassf,  which  has 
inj;  entire  plantations,  and 
;and  on  the  river,  from  this 
options,  below  the  surface  of 
Efo.  From  this  and  other  cir- 
ihole  of  this  lower  country, 
1  arm  of  the  sea,  which  has 
e  and  rapid  deposits  of  the 

rish,  Louisiana,  is  situated  on 
ulse  river.  It  is  a  handsomt 
j  beautiful  plantations.   Pop- 

ers  the  Mississippi  from  the 
ludsou. 

iiiiinai  i>  litiiRted  on  the  catt  (iiit 
et  from  St.  Franciiville.  It  i>  th< 
^33,  which  hni  an  abl*  facnlly  of  9 
2,000  volumei  in  its  lihratie*.  Tht 
idnetilajr  in  Jnne.  The  town  «on- 
a  population  of  1,000. 


Port  Hudson.  Eii-st  Feliciana  parish,  Louisiana,  is  a 
Mnall  i.lacn  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississim.i.  1  h'M''"e<; '» 
built  on  White  Cliffs,  which  rise  a  short-  distance  above  the 
river.     It  is  connected  with  Clinton,  a  small  iulnnd  town,  by 

railroad.  ^    y.      i     e  *i,« 

'Ihomns'S  Point  is  situated  in  an  acute  bend  oi  me 
river,  tliirteen  miles  below  Port  Hudson.        ^      .  .  ,        . 

lluton  If  OllgC,  the  present  capital  of  Louisiana  and  seat 
of  justice  for  East  liaton  tlouge  parish,  is  pleasantlv  s.""a';;<l 
o„  ■.  beautiful  blulT,  rising  in  regul.-ir  swe  Is  to  the  lieight  of 
furtv  feet  above  llie  waters  below.  From  Haton  liou^'e  to  New 
(Mlcnus,  the  "coast,"  as  it  is  called,  is  lined  with  as  hue  plaut- 
Mions  as  there  are  in  the  South.  F.verv  spot,  susceptible  of 
cultivation,  is  transformed  into  a  beautiful  garden,  oontainiiis 
specimens  of  all  those  choice  fruits  and^oweis  which  flourish 

oiilv  in  tropical  climes.  ,.,..,«       ^      i 

'h  is  „lace  contains  a  IT.  States  barracks,  wli  loli  is  the  finest  and 
most  commodious  in  the  Union.  It  became  the  State  capital  in 
1  -iH,  and  contains  a  court  house,  penitontiary .  and  many  tine  res- 
idencoH  Tliepenileiitiarvisa  fine  brick  Iniilding. three hundrert 
a.idtwenty  feet long.three stories  high, and  coiitainstwohundred 
and  fortv  cells  for  c.nvicts.  Baton  Hou-e  college  has  4  profes- 
sors, 50 'students,  and  a  library  of  10,(100  volumes-tlm  annual 
commencement  is  in  December.  It  also  contains  several  chnrchcs, 
"  academies,  and  a  number  of  schools.  Population,  2,.)00. 
'  "Wo!*t  Baton  BoURC,  is  a  small  place  ou  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river.  .  ,    _      .  . 

Iflanchnc,  or  Iberville,  E.ist  Baton  Rouge  parish,  Lcmisi- 
aim.  is  .1  small  place  at  the  mouth  of  Bayou  Iberville,  or  Man- 

clinc  pass.  .,,....,.      ^  -i 

Iberville  Bayon  leaves  the  Mississippi  fourteen  miles 
below  Baton  Rouge.  About  twenty  miles  from  the  river  it  is 
connected  with  the  Amite  river,  and  by  means  of  Lakes  Mau- 
rcfi.is  Pontchartrain  and  Borgne,  opens  a  communic.-ition  with 
the  Oulf  It  marks  the  course  of  the  great  D'Iberville,  when 
he  was  returning  from  his  excursion  up  tlie  Mississippi. 

rhnrdl  of  St.  «al»rlel,  Iberville  parish,  Louisiana,  is 
on  the  Mississippi,  n  short  distance  below  the  bayou. 

Plaqiirnnine,  capital  of  Iberville  parish,  Louisiana,  is  at 
the  mouth  of  Plaquemine  b.iyou,  twenty-three  miles  below 
Baton  Rouge.    It  contains  a  court  house  and  20  stores. 

Bayou  Could,  Iberville  parish,  Louisiana,  is  situated 
on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.    It  is  a  small  place. 

Bayou  La  Fourche  leaves  the  Mississippi  at  Donald- 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MISSISSIPPI    RIVKB. 


Boiiville,  nn<'  flows  in  n  ilireot  line  to  the  Gulf.  It  is  very 
tliicUly  solik'd  on  liolli  i«i(K's,  by  sonic  of  'he  ricln'Rt  plftutrrs 
in  the  Stall'.  It  is  niivigahltr  during  most  of  tlie  year  for  a  dis- 
tance of  hixty  niih's. 

l>Ollill«l'»iOlll  ill«*«  A8consir>n  jinrish,  I.oni.siana,  is  just 
below  Ihi'  nioulh  of  l)i(!  U.iyou  La  Fourche,  and  was  foriiiurly 
thf  cii|)ital  of  llie  Stale.  It  in  now  the  capital  of  the  parish, 
and  lonUiins  a  court  liouse,  several  churches  and  aeaueiiiies, 
and  a  land  otHce.  Since  the  rcTnoval  of  the  capital,  this  town 
has  somewhat  declined.  It  is  a  place  of  considerable  wealth 
and  trade,  and  is  the  most  important  town  near  New  Orleans. 
Population,  1,'Jlin. 

Jellvi'!!«on  CollCHfC,  founded  in  1 8^1,  is  a  thriving  in- 
stitution, sixteen  miles  below  Donald.Minville. 

Bl'illKcrS.  St.  James  pari.'-h,  Louisiana,  is  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Missi.ssijipi.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  a  num- 
ber of  dwellings,  located  nio>tly  on  tlie  river. 

Bonnet  4iuai'r<'  <'hui'<'h,  St.  .lames  Parish,  Louisi- 
nna,  is  on  the  Mi.ssi8>ippi,  twiiily  four  miles  below  Bringers. 
It  is  merely  a  church  Willi  a  few  planlers'  residences  around  it, 

Red  Cliuixh,  St.  John  the  Ilaptist  parish,  Louisiana,  is 
on  the  east  side  of  the  river.  This,  also,  is  merely  a  church, 
Burrounded  by  a  iine  .settlement  of  jilaiiters. 

4'nri'OlltOn,  Jefferson  parish,  Louisiana,  is  a  flourishing 
town,  situated  on  the  Missis-sippi,  seven  miles  above  New  Or- 
leans, with  which  it  is  conneited.hy  a  railroad  tliat  runs  to  the 
center  of  the  city.  This  is  the  residence  of  many  merchants, 
■who  pa.ss  to  and  from  the  city  upon  the  cars,  which  run  cv.^ry 
few  minutes,  duii'ig  the  day  and  evening.  The  CarrolUon 
Oardena  are  much  admired  f)y  all  who  visit  them.  They  are 
public,  and  laid  out  with  great  taste,  having  a  hotel  attaelied 
whieh  provides  visitors  wiih  exctlh-nt  ...commodatioiis.  Hun- 
dreds of  visitors,  both  young  and  old,  come  up  daily  from  the 
city,  during  the  summer  months,  to  spend  a  few  hours  in  the 
quiet  shades  of  this  delightful  spot.  Here  you  can  amuse 
yourself  in  a  variety  of  ways:  you  will  see  flowers, shrubbery, 
vines  ami  fruits,  of  almost  every  variety  ;  while  birds  of  the 
richest  plumage  will  enchant  the  ear  with  the  sweetness  of 
their  music.  After  leaving  the  dust  and  bustle  of  such  a  city 
as  New  Orleans,  and  coming  to  a  place  like  this,  one  would 
almost  fancy  himself  in  the  gardens  of  I'aradise,  listening  to 
that  unwriiie.n  music  which  comes  from  the  spirit-voices  of  the 
dead. 

liafayeite  City,  capital  of  Jcflerson  parish,  Louisiana, 
is  but  a  continuation  of  New  Orleans,  though  it  is  under  a 


I 


'-'■•r*?"?  ^ii\<i.^  ^s\'Wf^**' 


ROUTK   OF   THE   MlSBIBSlPri   BIVER. 


47 


D  to  the  Gulf.  It  18  very 
no  of  'he  riclicRt  plniitors 
most  of  the  year  for  a  dis- 

|)ariHli,  Louisiana,  is  just 
?\iurc'he,  aiul  was  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  parish, 

cliurclies  and  acaueiiiies, 
.1  of  the  capital,  this  town 
ice  of  considerable  wealth 
t  town  near  New  Orleans. 

in  IdHI,  is  a  thriving  in- 
dsouville. 

Louisiana,  ifl  on  the  Bouth 
>  a  court  house  and  a  uuni- 

tlie  river. 

Sf.  .lames  Parish,  Louisi- 
'i)\ir  miles  below  Bringers. 
nters'  re-^idi'iices  around  it. 
iptist  parish.  Louisiana,  is 
;,  also,  is  merely  a  church, 
)laiiters. 

Louisiana,  is  a  flourishing 
i'veu  miles  above  New  Or- 
'  a  railroad  tlint  runs  to  the 
idenco  of  many  merchants, 

tiie  cars,  which  run  ev.^ry 

evening.  The  CarrolUon 
who  visit  them.  They  are 
e,  having  a  hotel  attadied 
lit  ...conirnodatinns.  Hun- 
Id,  come  up  daily  from  the 

spend  a  few  hours  in  the 
lot.  Here  you  can  amuse 
will  see  flowers,  shrubbery, 
ariely  ;  while  birds  of  the 
ear  wilh  the  sweetness  of 
]  and  bustle  of  such  a  city 

place  like  this,  one  would 
IS  of  I'aradise,  listening  to 
rom  the  spirit-voices  of  the 

tefferson  parish,  Louisiana, 
eans,  though  it  is  under  a 


si'paral''  govi-rniiH'iit.  It  contains  a  court  house  and  other 
couutv  builditiu;s,  several  churches  and  a  market  house.  Tlin 
railri'iid  leadinu'  from  New  Orleans  to  Cariolltoii.  passes,  in 
Naidcs  sliccl.  tliiniigli  this  city.  A  steam  ferry  is  constantly 
niniiiiig  from  tlii-  to  the  opposite  shore,  while  another  one  runs 
to  New  Orleans,  a  dislaiice  of  two  miles.  Most  of  the  Hat- 
boats,  bound  for  New  Orleans,  land  at  I,afayelte.  It  contains  3 
academies  and  4  sclioids.     r.ifiuhitiou.  .^i.nill). 


mew  OBLBAKS  FROM  THE  UIBSISBIFFI.  - 

NftW  OrI«nns.  Orleans  parish.  Louisiana,  is  situated  on 
the  Mississippi  river,  near  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi vallev.  in  129-'  57'  north  latitude  and  aU"  7'  west  lon(i;i- 
tude.  It  is  tf»e  great  commercial  eapitid  of  the  South,  and  is, 
by  tiie  river,  .ab-iut  one  luindred  miles  from  the  Gulf.  New 
OVleans  is  the  s.at  of  justice  for  Orleans  parish,  and  was,  until 
reciMitlv,  the  capital  of  the  State.  This  city  is  built  on  a  low 
strip  o'f  niarshv  land  Iving  between  Lake  Pontchartrain  and 
the  Mississippi'  river,  tlie  ground  gradually  falls  back  toward 
the  lake,  an<l  in  no  part  of  the  city  is  it  sufliciently  elevated 
to  throw  the  waste  water  into  the  river.  In  time  of  heavy 
rains  many  of  the  streets  are  flooded  with  water,  and  in  some 
places  it  covers  the  first  floois  of  the  houses. 

Above  New  Orleans,  and  joining  it,  is  the  city  of  Lafayette, 
which  is  f.ist  becoming  an  import.int  place.  On  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  is  the  town  of  Algiers.  This  place  is  ext»)n- 
sively  engaged  in  ship  building;  it  contains  several  large  ship- 
yards, which  employ  a  great  number  of  hands.  Above  and 
lielow  the  citv.  as  well  as  in  the  rear,  there  are  several  small 
villages,  called  Fauxbourgs,  which  are  properly  a  part  of  New 
Orleans,  though  under  different  governments.  The  princiral  of 
these  are  St.  Mary,  Annunciation,  Marigny,  Franklin,  Washing- 
ton, St.  Claude,  &c. 
4 


48 


KOUTE  OF   THK   MlsiSISSIPri    RIVKE. 


rnl 


In  1h:16,  the  Locihlattiro  divided  thp  city  into  thrue  miinicj- 
itirs,  each  haviiiu;  a  diMitu-l  ooimcil  fi)r  the  m!Hia«fniHiit  of 
its  iiumial  atr.iirs,  in  roiifc.niui v  In  ihc  rfu"iliti<>iw  ol  the  gen- 
rrM  .-..vciMin-nt.     Tli.>  ficM    iiiiMii.'ipiaitv  ,..-imii.i.-s  IIi.^  cnttT 
nii.irxl.M.ls  IV,,.n  \hr  liver  I..  Lake  I'uiil.h.irtram.      I  hesicoiiU 
..nihia.cs  Ihi'  tipiHT  nan  .,f  iho  lity,  and  tlic  lliird,  thu  lower. 
Tlie  Car.md.  let.  cr  ..Id  eanai,  is  in  the  lir-t  nuinicii>alily.    I  hm 
canal  rnns  in  a  line  with  Orleans  street,  the  center  Mreet  of  tliu 
citv   to  Itavou  St.  John.     The  canal  is  ahont  two  i.nleH  Ion;,', 
nnd'iron,   Vent  v  five  to  thirty  feet  in  width,  and  from  four  to 
heven  f.rt   ,m  depth.     The  ba«ir.  >*  in  tin,  tenter  of  the  city, 
in^ar  the  i:athofie  cemetery.     It  is  about  five  ni.le^  from  the 
canal,  down  the  bavon,  to  its  junction  with  Lake  I'niiteliartrain, 
where  there  is  a  laV  '!»'"  "l"""  three-ciuarteis  of  a  mile  in 
extent;   at  the  extremity,  there  is  a  li«hl   liouso,  from  which 
vessels  eommence  their  voyages  to  various  parts  of  the  world. 
By  this  CHtial,  is  brought  cotton,  tobacco,  lumber,  wood,  lime, 
brick,  pitch,  bark,  sand,  oysters  and  produce,  to  the  Aew  Ur- 
leans  markets.     There  is  another  canal  running   throu({h  t he 
city  to  the  lake,  which  does  a  \ary;e  amount  of  business.     Ihe 
New  Orleans  and  La  Fourclie  canal  extends  through  A  giers  to 
ISavoii  Ln  Fourche,  a  distance  of  eii,'h: v  live  miles.      1  Iws  is  ft 
very  imporlanl  work,  as  it  brings  in  communication  with  «ew 
Orleans!  some  of  the  richest  agricultural  portions  of  the  btato. 
There  arc  four  railroads  in  tliis  city  :  tlii'  Orleans  and  Carrol  - 
ton  ruihoad,  wliich  runs  through  most  of  the  secoml  mumcipal- 
itv    to  CairoUt<m,  a  distance  of  six  miles;  the  New  Orleans 
street  railroad,  which  starts  near  the  river,  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  city,  and  extends  to  Lake  I'onlcliartniin,  a  distance  ol  six 
miles      This  road  is  in  connection  with  a  line  of  .superb  steam 
packets,  which  run  regularly,  via  Lake  Poiitchartraiu,  to  Mo- 
tile     The  third  railroad  is  the  iVK'-ycan  Gulf  Railway,  which 
Blurts  off  at  riglit  angles  from  the  Poiitchartrain  road,  at  the 
corner  of  the  Elysian  Fields  aiuriiood  Children  streets,  and 
runs  eastward  to  I'loctorsv.Ue,  on  Lake  Korgne    a  distance  of 
twenty-seven  miles.     It  is  designed  to  continue  this  road  to  the 
iiwU  '  The  tare  from  New  Orleans  to  Lake  Boigne  is  hity  cents. 
The  fourth  railroad  is  in  course  of  construction  to  Jackson,  Miss. 
A  railroad  is  also  projected  to  Mobile,  making  a  direct  coinniu- 
nication  with  the  Kast.     The  shell  road  is  the  pride  of  New 
Orleans      It  extends  to  the  lake,  and  runs  along  side  ot  the  new 
canal      This  road  is  made  of  small,  white  seii-shells.  which  soon 
become  broken  and  cemented  together.     It  presents  a  beautiful 
appearance,  being  as  smooth  as  a  parlor  floor. 
The  public  buildiuga  of  New  Orleans  are  not  numerous,  con- 


diiierin 

bnilt  ii 

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Ktreet. 

the  Ca 

St.  t'hi 

is  liiiil 

tract iv 

cipallt 

front  I! 

the  lar 

New  i 

In  fact 

Kosioi 

Mint  i 

eighty 

The  C 

The  I 

the  ri' 

and,  (I 

niarki 

ferent 

are  st 

sale  0 

ing  p 

any  ti 

s(iuar 

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lM:en 

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[PPI    RIVKR. 

?  city  into  three  munici- 
1  fiir'lhf  iii!Hia(,'fniHiit  of 
(.  rcu'iilitioiw  of  till-  gen- 
ililv  oixMipn'S  llii^  cciitcr, 
iili'li.irtraiii.     'I'lu- sicond 
mill  lln'  ihiril,  tliu  Iowlt. 
•  lir-t  iiuiiiici|)iilily.   'I'liii 
ct,  tlu^  center  hireet  of  tlio 
,,   iilio\lt  two   lllileH  Ion;,', 
widlh,  mid  from  four  to 
1  tlie  jc'iiter  of  liie  city, 
bout  five  niik^  from  the 
with  Luke  I'oiit.hartrain, 
ree-cnmiters  of  ii  mile  in 
li^jlii   lioti'^c,  from  which 
rioiis  parts  of  the  world, 
(icco,  lumbc-r,  wood,  lime, 
produce,  to  the  New  Or- 
iiid  runiiiiiR   through  the 
luoutit  of  business.     The 
xU-iids  through  Algiers  to 
It V -live  milt.<.     This  is  ft 
;uniniunication  with' New 
iral  ])ortion>-  of  the  State. 
:  the  Orleans  and  Carroll- 
st  of  the  second  municipal- 
niilcH  ;  the  New  Orleans 
river,  in  the  lower  part  of 
L'liarlrain,  a  distance  of  six 
lith  a  line  of  .-nperb  steam 
iike  INmtchartriiin,  to  Mo- 
dcaii  Gulf  Railway,  which 
Pontchartrain  road,  at  the 
lood  Children  streets,  and 
..ake  Korgiie,  a  distance  of 

0  continue  this  road  to  the 

1  Lake  liorgne  is  fifty  cents 
istruction  to  Jackson,  Miss, 
e,  making  a  direct  eommu- 

loiul  is  the  pride  of  New 
1  runs  along  side  of  the  new 
vhite  sea-shells,  which  soon 
er.  It  presents  a  beautiful 
rlor  floor, 
iaus  arc  act  numerous,  cod- 


route  OF  THK   MISSISSIPPI   RIVKR. 


.IderinR  the  .ize  and  importance  of  the  place.   St.  Charle.,  hotel.' 
^  At  in  l-'tt;  is  one  of    he  finest  bnil.l.n-s  ,n  the  city.     It  is  sit- 
^    IV::,.  si   Ci;.;;:^  Mnet.at.l  ex,e,,ds  r-.n  .iravu.  ...      ..™ 

Ifr....!      It  is  built   of  freest. me.  and,  in   anhiti  eture,  r..-imi)ies 

WCap   ori;   Was,.i,„tei..     The  Venuulah   at  .I;;!  ;-;;"- 
S    I'l.arles  ami  (.'..mmon  streets,  is  another  hne  bnildinsf.     U 

r„.tiv..  Ill  its  ariKearance.     The  new  Hall  ot  the  setond  muiii 
pal  tv      01  e  of    In-t  sple.nlid  buil.lin.'s  in  the  city.     1  he 
S  iLIf  fine  white  marble'     The  n.^  ^~  "";;;  ^  ^ 
the  larL'est  buildings  of  the  kind  m  the  Linon.     U  is  ""''^  "» 
twE'^glnnd^ranUe,  which  is  broufedit  in  vessels  ^^r^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

In  fact,  most  of  the  buildi.i,'  .^t''''^-  .r*^'  ''j^^VVlX^  ,^^^^^^^ 
Hoslo.iai.d  other  eastern  cities  1  he  V' '':;l^*^^r 'n  n^ 
Mint  is  a  lar-e  e.litiee  of  the  Ionic  order  \^^o  ,''"'';;;''•'' 
Ihtytwo  feJl  long  and  on.,  hundred  and  MX.V-ei^ht  ee  d  tp. 
The  Catholic  Cathedral  is  also  a  large  ">'J/P'''''f .^i^^";  ,t  ff 
The  United  Slates  Marine  Hospital  is  on  he  "P  »«  '^  *''^  °' 
the  river      It  consists  of  a  large  main  building  with  t^^o  wings, 

isH.n  pianieu  ro  Office  on    Roval  street,  u  short  distance 

Xv^V^rSe?  il:  well  conaucted  and  j.,jajly^.;e  o 
the  host  arranged  offices  in  the  country.     Ihe  'J'''\e.^."y  o« 
Loui^fna  wLiunded  in  1H:.5  and  has  ^^l^ has  7  profes 
the  corner  of  Common  and  Philippe  streets.     It  has  7  proles 
sors^nd  40  students.    There  are  departments  of  medicine,  law, 
rolitioal  economy,  and  commerce,  with  able  professors  in  each^ 
C  annual   ectur'S  commence  on  the  20th  of  November.     New 
Odtans  has  quite  a  number  of  excellent  public  schools,  in  which 
several  ihouiand  chil.lren  daily  receive  instruction. 

The  cemeteries  of  New  Orleans  attract  considerable  notice. 
On  account  of  the  niarshv  »<tate  of  the  soil,  all  the  graves  are 
above  grou..d.jrhejo^are_pl^ 

.Adi»«t;:uTc^;5;;^liou  ^  ISSI,  among  other  valuable  P'oP^'J-dj- 
rtrojed  thi.  .pLndid  «Moe.    It  U  now  r.buUt  on  .  br  more  nagnifloent 


I 


fiO 


ROUTE    OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVE?.. 


closed  wilh  cement.  The  ctist.mi  prevails  iiere,  to  a  considera- 
ble extent,  of  planting  flowers  om  the  graves  of  departed  friends. 
Fine  wreaths  are  liiint;  on  Die  huslies  ahout  the  -,'rave.s  and  cut 
flowers,  placed  in  va<es,  are  tastefully  aiTaii!;ed  around,  and  re- 
newed with  as  much  care  us  thou-h  tlioy  wore  placed  on  a  par- 
lor manlol.  Thus,  almost  every  morniiu;  can  be  seen  the  pleas- 
ing sisht  of  a  fatlier  or  a  sister,  a  brother  or  a  husband,  a  wilo 
or  a  mother,  moving  with  slow  pace  to  these  receiitacles  of  the 
dead,  there  to  bestow  some  twig,  or  flower  (frail  memento  ot 
departed  kindred),  upon  the  grave  of  whom  they  loved. 

New  Orleans  is  built  upon  the  convex  shore  of  a  large  tiend 
-which  resembles  a  crescent  or  new  moon  ;  for  this  reason  it  is 
often  called  the  crescent  city.  The  city  proper  contains  sixty- 
six  complete  S(pmres,  each  having  a  front  of  three  hundred  and 
nineteen  feet.  The  streets,  with  a  few  exceptions,  are  less  th.in 
forty  feet  in  width.  The  population  consists  mostly  ot  J<rench, 
Spanish,  and  Americans;  but  vou  can  find  men  here  from  al- 
most every  nation  in  the  civilized  world,  dressed  in  the  fasliions 
of  their  own  land,  speaking  the  language  of  their  own  country. 
In  171P,  Bienville  eelecfed  the  site  of  New  Orleans,  and  de- 
termined to  make  it  the  capital  of  Louisiana  It  mcreased  but 
slowly  at  first :  in  1723,  it  coiuained  one  hundred  cabms,  a 
small' chapel,  and  about  two  hundred  inhabitants.  In  1/bJ,  i. 
suffered  greatly  from  the  yellow  fever  ;  in  1788,  a  disastrous  fire 
swept  over  the  city,  and  destroyed  near  one  thousand  houses  ; 
in  1803,  it  passed,  by  purchase,  into  American  hands,  since 
which  time  it  has  been  steadily  advancing  in  commerce  and 
population.  The  business  of  New  Orleans  is  done  mostly  be- 
tween the  months  of  November  and  June,  -^i'^'cli  >^ '•'inealtb? 
season.  The  population  at  this  season  is  about  200,000,  while 
in  July,  August,  and  September,  it  does  not  exceed  IIO.OOJ. 

The  situation  of  this  citv  for  commerce,  is  not  surpassed  by 
any  in  the  Union.  The  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries,  alone, 
afford  at  least  ten  thousand  miles  of  steam  navigai  ion,  which, 
independent  of  the  communication  with  the  ocean,  would  soon 
build  up  a  great  commercial  city.  And  when  the  systeni  ot 
railroads  now  projected,  and  in  progress  of  construction,  bhall 
be  completed,  connecting  this  ci'ty  with  the  North,  North-cast, 
and  East,  as  well  as  with  Texas  on  the  west,  by  direct  overland 
communication,  great  as  is  the  amount  of  its  present  commerce 
it  must  be  increased  to  an  extent  that  must  be  witnessed  to  be 

ascreditcd.  ,  ,  ,     n.  r  w_«r 

The  exports  of  New  Orleans  are  nearly  equal  to  those  of  Be'R 

York,  while  the  imports  are  much  less.     It  is  the  third  city  in 

tlie  Uaited  States  in  population,  and  the  second  in  commerce 


g, 


\ 


3IPPI    RIVK?.. 


ROUTE   OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI    IIIVKR. 


51 


'vailis  iiere,  to  a  considera- 
graves  of  departed  friends. 

about  the  f,naves,  and  cut 
V  aiTiUi!;i'd  around,  and  re- 
ilioy  wore  jdaoed  on  a  par- 
liiii;;  can  be  seen  the  pleas- 
iither  or  a  husband,  a  wife 
to  these  receptacles  of  the 
■  flower  (frail  memento  of 

whom  they  loved, 
ivex  sliore  of  a  large  bend 
loon  ;  for  this  reason  it  is 
:ity  proper  contains  sixty- 
rroiit  of  three  hundred  and 
w  exceptions,  are  less  than 
consists  mostly  of  French, 
an  find  men  here  from  al- 
rld,  dressed  in  the  fashir.ns 
uage  of  their  own  country, 
e  of  New  Orleans,  and  de- 
juisiana.     It  increased  but 
icd  one  hundred  cabins,  a 
d  inhabitants.    In  1769,  it 
r  ;  in  1788,  a  disastrous  fire 
lear  one  thousand  houses  ; 
ito  American  hands,  since 
ivancing  in  commerce  and 
Orleans  is  done  mostly  be- 
June,  which  is  the  healthy 
son  is  about  200,000,  while 
iocs  not  exceed  1 ''.0,000. 
merce,  is  not  surpassed  by 

and  its  tributaries,  alone, 
f  Bteatn  navigaiion,  which, 
»'ith  the  ocean,  would  soon 

And  when  the  system  of 
gress  of  construction,  bhall 
with  the  North,  North-east, 
the  west,  by  direct  overland 
Hiit  of  its  present  commerce 
at  must  be  witnessed  to  be 

learly  equal  to  those  of  New 
ess.  It  is  the  third  city  in 
id  the  second  in  commerce 


The  exports  and  imports  amcnt  to  nearly  $n5,000,000-a  lit- 
t.e  short  of  the  whl)le  foreign  commerce  of  tlie  country  a  few 

•"Therfi'ra  regular  line  of  steam  packets  plying  between  New 
Orleans  and  Galveston,  Texas,  wl.ich  is  about  four  hunared  and 
fifty  nilos  distant.  Packets  n.n,  also,  regulatiy  to  all  the^At- 
lamic  cities,  Mexico,  and  South  An.er.ca.  /<-;>mboats  .start 
daily  for  St.  Louis.  Louisville,  Cincinnati,  and  Pittsburgh,  and 
all  intermediate  ports. 


MAP  OF  THE  VICINITY  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 


Much  has  been  urged  against  the  morality  of  New  Orleans. 
Th^originu?  settlers  ff  thif  city  were  fo-ig"f  «• «"-»'?  ^J^f-J^J; 
whose  fdeas  of  religious  duties,  though  widely  differing  from 

*  8«e  De  Bow'i  Comm.rctal  RbtUw  for  Juno,  1860. 


i 

1 


itr" 


52 


ROUTE    or    THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER. 


ours,  did  not  npcpfsnrily  make  them  an  imm'.ral  people  They 
had  eviT  lieen  aocuston'icil  at  lioiiic  to  look  iiixm  the  Sabbath  as 
a  hoi  d!i\  ,  after  niorniiiu'  service— a  day  oC  relaxation  and  en- 
ioyniPUt  ■  these  oustonis  thev  bore  with  tlietii  lo  their  new  home, 
and  their' deseendanls  still  continue  them— and  m  a  city  where 
the  iiopnlation  is  made  uj)  ol'  natives  from  every  quarter  of  the 
idobe,  many  of  them  of  the  most  vicious  class,  it  n;  not  to  bo 
wondered  at  that  much  inimoralilv  should  exiM  :  which  of  our 
cities  is  free  from  i(  ?  Yet  iho  police  arrangements  ol  New  Or- 
leans are  acknowleds^ed  as  the  most  coinpl.lc  in  the  Union  ;  and 
the  perfect  quiet  and  order  which  pervade  its  streets  at  nif,'ht, 
are  quite  in  contrast  with  manv  iniu-.'  moral  cities  that  might 
be  named.  In  point  of  pul>lic  charitv,  it  may  challenjje  com- 
parison with  any  other  city  in  tlie  world.  Numerous  hospitals, 
public  and  private,  aflord  c<Mnfort  and  relief  to  the  sick  and 
destitute,  without  rei,'ard  to  country  or  creed,  and  the  SWers  oj 
Charity  there,  have  received  the  blessings  of  tliousauds. 

The  BsilllO  CJlOUIld.— In  order  to  ^^ve  any  thing  like 
a  connected  account  of  the  battle  of  New  Orleans,  which  took 
place  here  on  the  )!^th  of  January,  lMi>,  and  ol  the  circum- 
stances connected  with  it,  it  will  be  necessary  to  go  back  a  few 
years,  and  take  up  the  history  in  regular  order. 

In  175!),  Creat  lirilain  had  over-run  most  of  the  province  of 
New  France,  and  obtained  possession  of  tiuebec,  Ticonderog. 
Crown  Point  and  Niasrara.     During  this  war.  Spam  had  for.u.  (1 
a  family  compact  with  France,  and  taken  sides  against  bn 
land.     In  ITt.S.-hostilities  ceased  between  the  thiec  powc^,- 
and  peace  was  restored  by  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of  Pa 
ris    dated  Kebrnarv  lOth,   I7(i3.     By  this  treaty,  England  ob- 
tained possession  of  Canada  and  all  tlie  post.s  along  the  ht. 
Lawrence.     France  al-o  ceded  to  her  all  of  that  portion  ot 
Louisiana,  extending  from  the  source  of  the  Mississippi,  on  the 
east  side,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Cayou  Iberville;  thence,  along 
the  bayou,  to  Lake  Maurepps;  thence,  along  the  center  of  Uie 
lakes,  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  including  the  port  and  river  ot 
Mobile.     The  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  was  to  remain  for- 
ever free  to  both  powers.     At  the  same  time,  the  French  king 
formed  a  secret  treaty  with  Spain,  by  which  he  agreed  to  deliver 
'  to  the  Spanish  government  the  remainder  of  Louisiana,  iiiclud- 
in-  the  Island  of  New  Orleans.     Thus  ends,  for  a  time,  tlie 
iuHsdiction  of  France  in  America.     Two  or  three  years  elapsed 
before  Spain  took  possession  of  this  valuable  territory      lUe 
French  population  were  very  much  dissatisfied  at  the  chang'i; 
and,  in  orSer  to  prevent  an  outbreak,  it  was  deenied  necessary 
to  keep  a  large  military  force  constantly  at  New  Orleans.    1  h» 


,B«?i<!»f-i^i  ..j-.aiRSfs- 


laws  ( 
the  in 
positii 
live  fi 
to  de 
coiupl 
was  V 
to  res 
pensii 
verge 

fully 

pcopl 

tory. 

shipj: 

declil 

The  : 

a^aii 

right 

Af 

[leop 

westi 

sulTe 

tvrai 

('{  S] 

lie  a; 

i  na 

■  ai 

:<  is( 

i'i  ap< 

his  : 

fleet 

read 

vari 

Nap 

ifp 

oft 

opei 

at  I 

son 

and 

Mr. 


5IPPI   RIVER 


111  itiim'.ral  people.     They 

look  iiixiii  the  Sabbath  as 

(lav  111'  ri'liixiitiou  and  it- 

ih  tiii'iii  lo  tlu'ir  new  home, 

lioin — and  in  a  city  where 

I'roni  I'vi'iy  qnarter  of  the 

ions  class,  it  i:;  not  lo  be 

lionld  exirt  :  wliich  of  onr 

■  anatigements  of  New  Or- 

DUiplilc  in  the  Union  ;  and 

rvade  its  streets  at  ni^'ht, 

V  moral  cities  that  might 

itv,  it  may  olialleiige  oom- 

rld.     Niiiiierous  liospitals, 

md  relief  to  the  sick  and 

or  creed,  and  the  Sisters  of 

iings  of  tliousauds. 

rder  to  i^ive  any  thing  like 

New  Orleans, "wliich  took 

IMi),  and  of  the  eircum- 

iieccssary  to  go  back  a  few 

jular  order. 

,11  most  <if  the  province  of 
n  of  Qnebec,  Ticonderog... 
this  war,  Spain  had  fonii  d 
taken  sides  af,'ainst  En 
between  the  three  powt  .-. 
cation  of  the  treaty  of  Pa 
ly  this  treaty,  England  ob- 
ill  the  posts  along  the  St. 
her  all  of  that  portion  of 
•e  of  the  Mississippi,  on  the 
ou  Iberville;  thence,  along 
ice,  along  the  center  of  tlie 
ding  the  port  and  river  of 
ssissippi  was  to  remain  for- 
ime  time,  the  French  King 
ly  which  he  agreed  to  deliver 
liiider  of  Louisiana,  includ- 
Thus  ends,  for  a  time,  tlie 
Two  or  three  years  elapsed 
liis  valuable  territory.     The 
.  dissatisfied  at  the  chang'i; 
,k,  it  was  deemed  necessary 
antly  at  New  Orleans.     Th» 


ROUTE   OF    THE   MISSISSIPPI    HIVBR. 


63 


laws  of  Spain  were  very  despotic  and  unpopular.    Morales, 
the  intendant,  knowing  that  Spain  eouUl  not  long  maintain  her 
po-ition  on  the  Mississippi,  determined  to  e.xercise  his  vindic^ 
ivc  fceliiu's  a.^iinst  the  Americans,  by  denying  them  the  right 
0   dcposir  goods  and  produce  in  New  Orleans.     '1  his  act  so 
„i„ pletely  arou<ed  the'  people  of  the  Western  States     ha     tt 
Wit-  witli  great  ditlicultv  that  the  general  governniciit  was  ablo 
to  restrain  them  tV.>m  the  conquest  of  the  count r v.     1  his  sus- 
pension of  trade  brought  the  people  "f  .^)7,  0'''-'''"^°",, '^" 
■erg..'  of   famine.      Aecordinglv,  to  modify  the   evil    without 
fuUv  removing  the  cause.  Morales  issued  an  order,  that  western 
.Jile  might  have  the  privilege  of  sending  flour  into  the  tern- 
lory,  provided  liny  paid  a  duty  of  six  per  cent,  ad  ca/or»m  and 
shipped  it  in  Spanish  ves,sels.     but  the  Americans  respectlully 
dcc'lined  lo  nvkil  themselves  of  the  privileges  of  this  order. 
The  King,  however,  so  tar  revoked  the  acts  of  Morales,  as  to 
again  restore,  in  l«ii:i,  the  five  navigation  of  tiio  river,  and  the 
ri^'ht  to  deposit  at  New  Orleans.  ,       „      t^        i 

After  th'e  overthrow  of  the  Bourbon  dynasty,  the  French 
people  began  to  cast  their  eys,  for  the  first  time,  over  the  grejit 
lestern  ocean  to  their  brethren    ,n    Louisiana,  who  ^'Hl     «™ 
suffering  for  so  manv  years  under  tlie  galling  yoke  ot  Spanish 
t V  anny      Accordingly,  on  the  1st  of  October.  1>U(  ,   he  K.n|; 
of  Spain  formed  a  see'rel  treaty  with  the  First  Consul,  by  which 
lie  agreed  to  deliver,  within  six  months,  the  province  ot  Louis- 
i  na'to  the  French  authorities.     In  consideration  of  this  act  of 
■  -^nish  generosity,  the  French  established   on  the  throne  of 
i  i.scanv.  the  Frinio  of  Farma,  son-in-law  ot  tlie  King  of  Spain, 
i'iapoleon  now  began  lo  make  extensive  preparations  to  extend 
his  authority  over  this  rich  and  valuable  territory.     A  large 
fleet  and   an   army  of  twenty-five  thousand  men  ^vere   soon 
ready  to  sail  for  the  Mississippi.     After  spending  « Jf  a^  n  Iho 
various  ports  of  Holland,  continually  watched  by  the  Liiglisli, 
Napoleon  determined  to  abandon  the  enterprises  and  transfer, 
if  possible,  the  territory  to  the  United  State.,     Near  the  c  oso 
of  the  year  lbU2,he  directed  his  minister,  M.  'J  alleyrand,  to 
open  negotiations  with  Mr.  Livingston,  United  States  minister 
at,  Paris     While  this  correspondence  was  ?oing  on.  Mr- J'^^""'^- 
son,then  President,  deeming  the  P0S8ess'°'^"f.New  Orleans 
and  Florida  of  vast  importance  to  tho  whole  Union,  sent  over 
Mr  Monroe,  with  instructions  to  make  some  arrangement,  it 
possible,  for  its  purchase.    W^ien  Mr.  Monroe  arr.ve,r  m  Paris 
L  was  somewhat  surprised  to  find  Napoleon  so  willing  to  part 
with  Louisiana.    His  willingness,  however   was    he  result  of 
necessity,  as  it  must  soon  have  passed  luto  the  hands  of  Oreat 


W 


£4 


ROCTK    OF   THE    MISSISSII'PI    KIVKK. 


Britain,  lirid  he  not  8oia  it  to  tho  United  States  The  only  thing 
tluMi  lor  tlie  American  Couiinissioners  to  arrange,  was  to  fix 
tile  prico  to  lie  jmi:!.  Napoleon  wuntftd  125,00lt,(IO0  I'mncs  ;  bnt 
the  <-ouiniiasioiier.s,  thinking'  it  l)y  fur  too  high,  offered  only 
50  nOd  000.  Alter  some  time  spent  in  consideration,  they  agreed, 
on'  their  own  responsibility,  to  pay  80,0(K»,000.  Their  course  was 
fully  approved  hv  tlie  President  and  his  Cabinet,  and  contirnied 
by  the  Senate  of"  tlio  United  States.  On  the  20th  of  December, 
1603,  the  Provineo  of  Louieiana  was  officially  delivered  over  to 
the  conslituto.l  authorities  of  the  Unitc.l  States.*  Thus  was  a 
vast  cmiiiru  won  for  freedom,  without  saoriticing  a  drop  of  human 

The  Spanish  tJovorBment  were  very  much  displeased  at  this 
transfer  of   Louisiana,  but  liually,  in   lb04,  beoaino  reconciled. 
Spain,  however,  still  retained   possession   of    Florida  tUl   lb20, 
when  it  was  purchased  by  the  United  States.     Immediately  after 
Ibe  United  States  obtained  possession  of  Louisiana,  it  was  formed 
into  a  territorial  govcrnm.'nt ;    not,  however,  on  quite  as  liberal 
principles   us  the    people  anticipated.      The  Governor  hud   tho 
appointment  of  the  Legislative  Coniicil,  which  was  to  consist  of 
thirteen  of  the  ablest  men  in  the  Territory.     In  1811,  the  people 
were  authorized  by  Congress,  to  form  a  slate  constitution  ;  and 
iu  1812,  Louisiana  was  admitted  into  the  Union,  with  full  privi- 
leges, as  a  sister  state  of  this  Great  Western  Republic.     In  1812, 
war  was  declared  between  England  and  tho  United  States,  and 
the  British  Ministry  resolved,  if  possible,  to  possess  themselves 
of  Orleans,  aud  thereby  control  tho  entire  navigation  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi.    New  Orleans  was  in  imminent  danger  ;  the  city  was 
^without  defenses,  and  the  Spaniards,  at  Mobile  and  IVnsucola, 
were  ready  to  receive  a  British  army  with  open  arms.    This  state 
of  things,  wus  repeatedly  urged   upon  tho  consideration  of  the 
President  and  his  Cabinet,  but  nothing  wus  done,  till  the  arrival 
of  General  Jackson,  in  the  autumn  of  lbl4.     Had  the  different 
passes  on  the  Gulf   been  properly  guarded,  and  forts  built,  as 
recommended  by  General  Wilkinson,  the  British  army  would 
never  have  fouiul  their  way  to  the  "  I'laiiis  of  Chalmetle."     They 
would  have  gone  to  rest  beneath  tho  waves  of  the  ocean,  without 
effecting  a  lauding  on  tho  coast.      But  this  was  not  tho  caso  ; 
Louisiana  wus   soon   called  upon,  to  check  the   advance   of  a 
powerful  British  urmy,  who  udojiled  for  their  watchword  "  Booty 
and  Beauty;"   an  army,  who  weje  well  clothed,  and  provided 
with  everything  ;  while"  her  own  feeble  little  band,  were  destitute 
of  almost  every  necessary  of  life.     Aud  had  it  not  been  for  the 

*  So«  American  SUto  Papers.    Also,  Martin'i  Ldoisiaua. 


iiiitrioti 

with  cl 

of  the 

On  1 

iippeari 

L'otnm 

observi 

advanc 

force  0 

gallunt 

pelled 

six  kil 

not  ha 

Gou 

city,  f 

about, 

comin 

sary  t 

This  I 

an  En 

inipos 

consci 

Judge 

sun  01 

tlie  G 

by  C( 

"On 

Kean 

venu, 

Span; 

suppi 

try  w 

the  I 

attac 

whol 

the  E 

Garo 

ordei 

givei 

by  a 

wan 

Jack 

surp 

even 

ueai 


PI    RIVER. 


1  States  The  only  thing 
a  to  arrange,  wiis  to  fix 
1  125,()0lt,(IOO  I'mncs  ;  hut 
r  too  high,  offered  only 
lonsiderution,  they  ugreed, 
110,000.  Their  co'ursc  was 
is  Cahinet,  and  confirmed 
)n  the  20th  of  Decenihcr, 
fficially  delivered  over  to 
teil  States.*  Thus  was  a 
loriticing  a  drop  of  human 

y  much  displeased  at  this 
1«(I4,  heouino  reconciled, 
ion  of    Florida  till  lt20, 
ritates.     Immediately  after 
f  Louisiana,  it  was  formed 
wever,  on  quite  as  liheral 
The  Governor  had   the 
il,  which  was  to  consist  of 
itory.     In  1811,  the  people 
1  a  tilate  constitution  ;  nnd 
the  Union,  with  full  privi- 
estcrn  Kepul)lic.     In  1812, 
ind  the  United  States,  and 
il)le,  to  possess  themselves 
itiro  navigation  of  the  Mis- 
iient  danger  ;  the  city  was 
at  Mobile  and  I'ensacola, 
irith  open  arms.    This  state 
n  the  consideration  of  the 
ig  was  done,  till  the  arrival 
)f  l!S14.     Had  the  difForcnt 
;uarded,  and   forts  built,  as 
I,  the  British  army  would 
"laiiis  nf  Ghalmette.' '     They 
waves  of  the  ocean,  without 
Jut  this  was  not  the  caso  ; 
a  check  the  advance   of  a 
"or  their  watchword  "  Booty 
well  clothed,  nnd  provided 
lie  little  band,  were  destitute 
^nd  hud  it  not  boon  for  the 

so,  Martin't  Looiaiana. 


UOUTE   OF   THE   MlSSISSim    RIVER. 


patriotism  of  the  ladies  of  New  Orleans,  who  supplied  the  army 
with  clothing,  they  must  all  liavo  perished  from  the  inclemency 

"^On^thrlm  of  December,  1814,  the  British  fleet  macle  their 
iinocarance  off  Ci'.t  Island,  near  the  entrance  of  lake  Borgne. 
Kodore  Pattersou  dispatched  a  flotilla  of  Ave  gun-boaU  to 
observe  the  movements  of  the  enemy,  and  check  if  possible,  his 
advance.  On  the  14th,  the  boats  were  atfjicked  by  a  superior 
force  of  forty-three  barges,  and  twelve  hundred  men,  and  after  a 
eallant  struggle  of  one  hour,  they  were  overpowered  and  com- 
pelled to  surrender.  In  this  engagement,  the  Americans  lost  bu 
ix  killed  and  thirty-five  wounded,  while  the  British  loss  could 
not  have  been  less  than  three  hundred  in  killed  am  wounded. 

General  Jackson,  on  reviewing  the  militia  and  defenses  of  the 
city,  found  that  there  were  a  large  number  of  persons  wandering 
about,  who  were  entirely  indifForent  as  to  the  final  is.sue  of  the 
coming  contest.  For  this,  nnd  other  reasons,  he  .leeme.l  i  neces- 
.ary  to  proclaim  martial  law,  which  no  doubt  saved  the  city. 
This  measure  was  very  much  opposed  at  the  time.  Ju^ge  ««  '' 
an  Englishman  by  birth,  took  npon  himself  tl^''/'"''!'''"^',';'"  /  ° 
impose  upon  the' General,  after  the  battle,  a  fine  <>/ $l"0«-  " 
consequence  of  the  suspension  of  the  habeas  corims  act.  The 
Judge  undertook  to  interfere  with  the  military  arrests,  and  Jac». 
on  ordered  him  beyond  the  limits  of  the  camp.  This  hue,  which 
the  General  promptly  paid  from  his  own  resources  was  refunded 
bv  Congress  with  interest,  a  short  time  belore  his  death. 

On  the  22d,  a  division  of  the  British  army,  under  General 
Keane,  succeeded  in  passing  from  lake  Borgne  into  Bayou  Bleu- 
venu.;hich  extends  nearly  to  the  Mississippi,  by  tl'e  «-J  <>      0"« 
Spanish  fishermen,  whom  they  employed  as  guides.     I  ho  Hrit ish, 
supposing  themselves  perfectly  secnre,  and  that  the  whole  coun- 
trv  would  soon  fall  into  their  hands,  concluded  to  encamp  near 
the  banks  of  the  river.     The  American  general  determnied  to 
attack  them  in  their  new  position.     Ho  accordingly  collected  his 
whole  force,  which  was  less  than  2,000,  and  marched  to  attack 
Ue  English,  who  were  not  less  than  3,000  strong.    '1  he  schooner 
l^^ro^Ue    and  the   Louisiana,  were  sent  down  the  "ver,  with 
ordere  to  commence  the  attack  when  the  proper  signal  «l'0'.hl    'e 
given.    The  action  commenced  at  half-past  seven  in  the  evening, 
by  a  heavy  discharge  of  grape  and  cannister,  which  was  the  hrst 
warning  the  enemy  had  of  the  approach  of  the  American  army. 
Jackson  commanded  here  in  person  ;  and  so  complete  was  the 
nrprise  of  the   enemy,  that  hundreds  were  «="V.  °:'R:iadi  lost 
even  an  opportunity  of  oflering  any  resistance.     1  he  Britisli  lost 
near  four  hundred,  Itt  killed,  wounded,  and  prUoners. 


66 


ROUTE   OF   THE    MISSISSIPPI    RIVER 


General  Jackson  fell  back  within  five  or  si.v  miles  of  the  city; 
where  lie  coiunieiiced  forlilying  liiniscif  on  u  nurrow  strip  of  laud, 
Iviiii;  belwe.Mi  it  low  »w«m|'  »>»'  •!""  f'^er.      'I'he  General  deter- 
mined to  build  a  Ijreastwork  of  eolton-'lniles  and  earth,  extending 
from  the  swamp  to  the  river,  a  distance  of    nearly  a  mile.     He 
accordingly  ordered  all  the  drays  and  wagons  in  the  city,  to  com- 
mence hauling  the  cotton  from  the  warehouse!*;  which  orders  they 
were  compelled  to  obey,  at  the  peril  of  their  lives.     The  front  of 
this  cotton  breastwork  was  protected  by  a  deep  ditch,  hlled  with 
water.    On  the  2bth,  a  skirmish  occurred  a  short  distance  from  the 
American  lines,  which  lasted  several  hours  ;  in  this  the  English 
lost  about  two  hundred  and  fifty,  and  the  Americans  only  seveii^* 
The    British   army    under    Packingham,   encamped    near   the 
American  lines,  waiting  several  days  for  reinforcements.     1  ha 
Americans  numbered  six  thousand,  and  the  British  hfteen  thou- 
sand     At  length  the  anxious  night  of  the  7tli  had  passed  away, 
mid  the  dawn  of  the  glorious  8lli,  had  just  shed  its  mellow  light 
on  the  extended  lines  of  the  two  reposing  armies.     Packingham, 
after  sending  eight  hundred  of  his  men,  under  Colonel  1  liorton,  ou 
the  opposite  sine  of  the  river,  arranged  the  remainder  ol  h"  a"ny 
into  two  divisions,  of  sixty  deep;  the  right  under  Oeiieral  Gibbs, 
and  the  left  under  General  Keane.    The  Knglish  moved  slowly  to 
the  attack  ;  but  when  within  a  short  distance,  the  batteries  along 
the  American  lines  opened  upon  them  such  a  destructive  fire,  that 
their  ranks  were  broken  almost  us  fast  as  they  wore  closed  up. 
Hut  when  they  came  within  reach  of  the  muskets,  the  wholo 
American  line  opened  upon  them  such  a  discharge  of  musketry, 
that  they  soon  retired  in  confusion  from  the  field.     Packingham 
was  killed  in  front  of  his  troops,  endeavoring  to  encourage  them 
by  his  presence.     The  officers  succeeded  in  bringing  the  troops 
to  a  second  attack,  but  this  was  even  more  disastrous  than  the 
first.    They  soon  gave  way,  leaving  more  than  a,OUO  lying  on  the 
field     The  American  loss  was  only  seven  killed  and  six  wounded. 
The  battle  of  New  Orleans,  one  of  the  most  important  in  the 
history  of  our  country,  was  the  closing  scene  of  the  war  of  1812. 
This  war  cost  the  United  States  near  $75,000,000,  and  the  lives 
of  several  thousand  of  her  best  troops.     The  loss  to  England  was 
immense  ;  in  her  Louisiana  campaign  alone,  she  lost  at  least  five 
thousand  men,  besides  a  very  large  amount  of  military  and  naval 
stores.    Notwithstanding  this  heavy  loss  of  the  United  btates,  Uie 
war  of  Ibia  was  no  doubt  a  good  thing  for  the  country,  as  it 
cave  greater  security  to  our  commerce,  and  established  throughout 
the  world  a  name  and  influence  that  even  England  herself  feum. 


•  S**  Breckmrldge'  Hlitory  of  the  War. 


I  ftlSli** 


"^T^rr^jC^TT*:' 


SIPPI    RIVER 


ifo  or  b\\  miles  of  the  city; 
If  oil  a  iiurrow  strip  of  liiiid, 
river.  'I'lie  (ieiicrul  detcr- 
ilnilcs  mid  eurtli,  extending 
lice  of  neiirly  u  mile.  He 
wugoiia  ill  llie  city,  to  coiii- 
reliouses;  wliicli  orders  they 
)f  their  lives.     The  front  of 

by  a  deep  ditcli,  tilled  with 
red  a  short  distance  from  the 

hours  ;  in  this  the  English 

the  Americans  only  seven.* 
ghani,  encamped  near  the 
■s  for  reinforcements.  The 
md  the  British  fifteen  thou- 
if  the  7  til  had  passed  away, 
d  just  shed  its  mellow  light 
osing  armies.  Packingham, 
II,  under  Colonel  Thorton,  on 
id  the  remainder  of  his  army 
s  right  under  General  Gibbs, 
,'ho  Knglish  moved  slowly  to 

distance,  the  batteries  along 
II  such  a  destructive  tiro,  that 
fast  as  they  wore  closed  up. 

of  the  muskets,  the  whole 
ich  a  discharge  of  musketry, 
from  the  field.  Packingham 
Jeavoring  to  encourage  them 
ceded  in  bringing  the  troops 
en  more  disastrous  than  the 
more  than  a.OUO  lying  on  the 
ieveii  killed  and  six  wounded, 
of  the  most  important  in  the 
ing  scene  of  the  war  of  1812. 
ur  $75,000,000,  and  the  lives 
[)s.  The  loss  to  England  was 
gn  alone,  she  lost  at  least  five 
amount  of  military  and  naval 

loss  of  the  United  States,  tlie 

thing  for  the  country,  as  it 
ce,  and  established  throughout 
it  even  England  herself  feani. 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MISSISSIPPI   RIVEB. 


67 


;ory  of  the  W»r. 


■(K.l.ii*** 


The  battle  of  New  Orleans,  was  fought  after  the  signing  of 
.kJ treatv  of  peace  ;  yet  both  partie.s  were  entirely  ignorant  of 
T-  as  uWh  1*^0  offichilly  known  in  New  Orleans,  till  the  middle 
of 'the  fllTowing  February.     The  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded 

''*nm.ro't'  lluildins  is  12  miles  below  New  Orleans,  on 
,1  ,?or.h.Ule  of  "e  river.  The  Mexican  Gulf  Railway  here 
te  "gTs' and  c'^rosses  to  Lake  Borgne.     It  is  intended  to  be  com- 

^' Fort  St!  Leon  is  on  the  Mississippi,  seventeen  miles  below 

\ew  Orleans.  .      „    ,  5, 

i^nirlitih  Turn,  is  a  bend  in  the  river,  opposite  Fort  bt. 

MJ  liv  alwS  WM  tal  ■  .l,on.ll.i™«  ..p  ll»  >iv«r.  «»« 
W  tooS  .^.tit  "".,.    Th.  E.elU.  r.l.o«u.tl,  lumrt  «..J 

command  of  Major  Overton.  ,      ,„     1.  „.  „„„ 

The  IWoutlis  of  the  Mississippl—We  have  now 

arrTv?darthe  point  where  this  ^'ghty  "'-•  ^"f '"^.^^IS 

Sngt'dlLrgestCrKhe  }.T.  Ks^e^tS 
fs  aliiua  y  JeJLited  tierc,  is  about  ,^,^  of  the  q«ant.ty  of  water 
bv  weiLrl.t  This  affords  a  great  obstruction  to  navigation,  espe- 
cLh-  in  low  water.  This  water  is  found,  by  actual  experiment, 
o  iont^luTarbolic  acid,  chlorine,  lh.e  oxide  of '«•■>  J^"^,^; 
soda,  and  several  other  substances,  which  are  the  cause  of  It. 
daletorlous  etfecta. 


58 


B0UTK8  ON  THK  Ot'LF  OF  MEXICO. 


Tlie  Nortl.-eiist  Pass,  lulilu.lo  29°  7'  N.,  nnc!  longitiido  89o  10 
Vf.,  is  llio  principal  pass,  ll  is  tliroiij;h  tliis  pass,  that  llie  hiiglish 
fleet,  tliat  was  to  liavo  assisted  at  tlio  attack  oji  New  Orleans, 
eutered  the  river.  Tlie  word  Uali/.o,  nieaiis  a  l.vel  ;  at  tile,  iiioutli 
of  the  pass,  there  is  a  small  settlemeiit  of  pilots,  known  as  tlio 
Ualize  Bettlenient.  'J'ho  other  passes,  are  the  Outlet  law,  Uio 
South-east,  the  Soutli,  the  Sonth-west,  and  the  VVcst. 

EOUTES  ON  THE  GULF  OF  MEXICO. 

IVIObilC.  Mobile  county,  Alabama,  is  situated  on  the  west 
side  of  Mobile  bay,  about  lliirty  miles  from  the  sea,  and  one  hun- 
dred and  sixtv-seveii  from  New  Orleans.  It  is  the  commercial 
rapital  of  Ihe'state,  and  next  to  New  Orleans,  the  greate.st  cotton 
market  in  the  Union— :«0,l)0()  bales  have  been  exported  in  a  sin- 
ele  year.  The  situation  is  considered  very  healthy,  being  burlt 
on  a  plain  that  rises  near  fifteen  feet  above  ti.ie-water.  The 
breezes  from  the  sea  render  the  atmosphere  pure,  which  together 
with  the  climate,  make  it  the  resort  of  great  numbers  of  invalids, 
from  various  parts  of  the  world.  Tlie  city  is  supplied  with  water, 
brought  from  a  neighboring  hill,  and  distributed  through  the  town 
in  iron  pipes.  Tliis  citv  contains  a  naval  hospital,  city  hospital, 
four  banks,  a  theater,  Hurton  Academy,  and  several  churches. 

The  Ohio  &  Mobile  railroad,  from  this  place  to  Cairo,  Illinois, 
thence  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  Galena  and  Chicago,  III.,  and  the 
contemplated  Atlantic  road  through  Georgia  and  Alabama,  when 
complete.l,  will  throw  into  Mobile  a  very  large  proportion  of 
trade,  that  now  goes  bv  way  of  Orleans.  The  first  named  road 
will  compete  with  tiie'steam  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  by 
■hortening  the  distance,  from  the  t)hio  to  the  Gulf,  near  hve  hun- 
dred miles.  „,,,-,  , 

About  two  miles  from  Mobile,  is  Spring  Him,  College,  incor- 
porated in  1830,  which  has  a  president  and  twelve  instructors, 
one  hundred  students,  and  a  library  of  four  thousand  volumes. 
Annual  commencement,  first  day  of  February.  Population  of 
this  city,  73,000.  .        i-c 

Tho  Bay  of  Mobile,  is  the  outlet  of  one  of  the  most  prolihc 
cotton-growing  regions  in  the  south.  At  present,  an  annual 
product  of  over  500,000  bales,  is  sent  through  this  bay  to  the 
various  European  markets.  The  value  of  this  product,  is  esU- 
matod  at  $17,000,000.  ,r       ^  , 

SteainboaU  arrive  and  depart  daily  for  New  Orleans,  by  way 
of  the  lakes;  fare,  on  regular  line  five  dollars;  in  other  boaU,  four. 

MONTGOMERY,  capital  of  county  of  lame  name,  in  Al»bain»,  la  Ioc»t«4 


■mifri!r'r^r*~'—'''^^-'^-'S?f't^^^^'^~  ts."^ 


3F    MEXICO. 


N.,  and  longitude  890  lO' 
this  |i:i.ss,  thut  tliu  Kiiglish 

uttiick  iiji  New  Orlcuiis, 
;uiis  u  Irvt-I  ;  lit  tlif,  mouth 
t  of  pilots,  known  as  tlio 

ure   till?  Outlet  I'aas,   tlio 

UTuI  tlio  West. 

'  OF  MEXICO. 

I,  is  Bitunted  on  the  west 
from  llu'  sou,  and  ono  hun- 
iiH.     It  is  the  commerciul 
)rleaiis,  the  greatest  cotton 
ivt!  been  exported  ill  a  sin- 
very  healthy,  being  built 
•t  nijove  tiiie-watcr.     The 
ihere  pure,  which  together 
great  numbers  of  invalids, 
:ity  is  supplied  with  water, 
stributod  through  the  town 
ival  hospital,  city  hospital, 
ly,  and  several  churches, 
ihis  place  to  Cairo,  Illinois, 
1  and  Chicago,  111.,  and  the 
tcorgia  and  Alabama,  when 
very  large  proportion  of 
mis.     The  first  named  road 
lion  of  the  Mississippi,  by 
( to  the  Gulf,  near  five  hun- 

PRiNo  Him-  Coi.ltoe,  incor- 

int  and  twelve  instructors, 

of  four  thousand  volumes. 

February.     Population  of 

of  one  of  the  most  prolific 
h.  At  present,  an  annual 
it  through  this  bay  to  th« 
,lue  of  this  product,  is  esti- 

Y  for  New  Orleans,  by  way 
dollars;  in  other  boats,  four. 

ne  name,  in  AUbuiu,  is  Io»t«d 


ROUTES    ON    THE    aULK   OF    MEXICO. 


69 


,,  th«  heiirt  of  .tewn  navlRation  on  th«  Al«b«nia  rivor.  It  is  »  l-lnrc  of  (hip- 
mrnt  for  «  heavy  amount  of  produit.  rai.o.l  in  tlie  Mirro«n,llng  rountryand 
Iwuirht  m  l.y  fMlwiivH  nn.l  w..K.,'on».  It  i>  imm«li..tely  on  the  gnut  thor- 
nuclifiro  from  Charl.*t.in  to  Nfw  Orleans-via  tlic  various  railroads  throuRh 
(iooruia-aiul  will  fliortly  U-  in  .liroot  .■omni.inication  wlHi  Vl.k«^argh  hy 
„„.„ni.  of  Ihe  8outh.rn  Itailromt  which  piufM-H  through  It.  It  is  also  .-onnect- 
,.,!  with  the  middle  stat.s  l.y  means  of  th«  Montgomery  4  We^t  Point  Kail- 
roa.1  whl.h  ronnecls  at  Atlanta,  Oa.,  with  the  Atlantir  A  Western  roa.1  to 
Chattanooga,  T»nn.,  tlenrc  tla  Nashville  and  Ix.uisville  to  Cincinnati  and 
the  lakes.  Passengers  iVom  the  East  tal<e  «teaml«at  hero  for  Mobile  ana 
New  Orleans.  Fare  tc  Mobile,  $10,00.  Thence  to  New  Orleans,  from  |4,0O 
to  $6,00. 

FilRT  BOWYEK  (Morgan)  that  commands  the  entrance  of  the  bay  of  Mo- 
bil,., is  built  upon  a  low,  sandy  point,  just  opposite  Dauphin  Island.    This 
fort  Is  noUHl  as  being  the  place  where  the  retreating  British  army,  under 
Cockhurn.  after  they  had  received  official  Intelligence  of  the  signing  of  the 
Treaty,  determined,  by  the  direction  of  ttieir  unprincipled  commander,  to 
glut  their  TCDgeancc  on  the  feeble  garrison,  of  three  hundred  men-which, 
but  a  few  months  before,  had  destroyed  a  large  amount  of  their  shipping. 
After  a  bombardment  of  four  days,  they  were  compelled  to  surrender  to  the 
British  forc.;8,  which  amounted  to  twenty-five  sail,  and  five  thousand  troops. 
The  name  of  the  present  city  of  Mobile  was  der'ved  from  that  of  the  Indian 
town  of  MauTiUe,  which  was  situated  on  the  Alabama,  near  its  junction  with 
the  Tombigbee.    Do  Soto,  of  whom  wo  have  had  occasion  to  speak  in  a  former 
part  of  this  work,  during  his  wandering  through  tlie  southern  part  of  the 
Vuit..d  States,  came,  in  1540,  to  the  border  of  the  territory  of  Tuscaluia,  a 
proud  and  warlike  chief.    This  chieftain  was  disposed  to  treat  tlie  Spamards 
with  kindness,  and  render  them  all  the  assistance  In  his  power.    D^  8<.to, 
under  the  gui«i  of  friendship,  obUinod  possession  of  his  person,  and  held  him 
a  close  prisoner,  during  his  march  through  the  country  over  which  he  pre- 
sided.    Tuscalusa  obUlned  permission  to  dispatch  some  of  hU  attcndanU  in 
advance  to  MauviUe,  In  order  to  make  preparations  for  the  arrival  of  his  dl^ 
tinguished  strangers.      But  these  preparations,  were  preparations  of  war. 
A,  «»n  as  they  learned  the  condition  of  their  chief,  the  warriors  of  hi.  own 
and  neighboring  tribes  collected  In  the  town  of  Mauvlllo,  there  to  awmt  the 
orders  of  their  cacique. 

Do  Soto,  U.avlngthe  main  part  of  his  army  behind,  under  Moscoso,  pushed 
rapidly  on  to  Mauvllle,  where  he  arrived  on  the  l«th  of  October.  He  was 
met  by  a  large  party  of  warriors,  preceded  by  a  band  of  musLj,  and  conducted 
into  the  town.  Do  Soto  found  it  a  strongly-fortified  place,  surrounded  by  a 
wall,  made  of  pickets,  with  but  two  gates-one  on  the  east  side,  and  one  on 
the  west ;  the  houses  were  more  sheds,  covered  with  reeds  and  ivr.w.    After 


ROUTlCa    ON    THE    OrLF    OK    MEXICO. 


6(V 

Tot,.  tb,.th,.  »1.1..M  f,  n.ir..  .  .hort.lM.nn.,  to  make  fnrtl.or  pr,.,mra U.n, 

w  .  rni'i  w  t>,  u  n,u,.iU. r  «arri„.; -vor  the  .u,ro«,un,-«  Hal",  u 

f.r  a.  the  .y,  .-ouUl  r-u,-..,  n.thin^  n,uM  .«■  s..,.n,  but  ,„..,  vast  „,«..abl.K.     f 
imiian,.    Soar™  ha,l  th.  ..ho  of  tl„.  «,.rwh,.np  ai«l  on  the  ..ar  than  th. 
spa  iardH  and  Julian,  l-.an.u  en^a,...  i«  .mo g..n,.ral  n-oloo,     Tho  .  ,.an.ar.l. 
poro  WiHK  that  tho  In.Uan,  hod  the  a.lvun.ngo. retroat-a  to  tho  p  alu.  thuu 
the  wall,.    AfUT  the  hattlo  had  r»K,..l  f..r>,...».y  up  and  down  the  plain  for 
«,ver»l  hours,  the  Spaniard*  dotermlnod  to  destroy  the  wall-,  and  burn  th. 
ZIZ    Soon  the  whole  town  wa.  one  .hoot  of  fire.    Thou..aud,  of  fomu.e. 
and  chlldr..n  wore  consumed  In  the  houses  where  they  had  taken  shelter. 
This  was  a  oritioal  m..mont.       UiiU   it  not  been   for  the  arrival    of  the 
main  body  of  the  army,  the  Spaniards  would  certainly  have  lost  the  day. 
Tho   battle   now  began  with  renewed  fury,  and  cease.1  only  with  the  «t- 
tlng  sun -and  seldom  did  he  ever  set   on  a  more  desolate  scene.      The 
streets  of  the  town  were  blockaded  with  the  dead;  the  hous<.s  were  about 
all  con8um..d,  and  with  them  the  clothing  and  baggage  of  Spaniards.     A)K>ut 
fifty  of  the  Spaniards  had  been  killi^d,  all  of  them  more  or  less  wound«J,  and 
Mvent.-en  hundred  wonnds  required  a  surgeon's  care.    The  plain  around  was 
strewed  with  more  than  twenty-five  hundred  Indian  bodies,  besides  those  who 
perish.-d  by  the  Hames  within  the  walls.     The  situation  of  the  Spaniards  was 
beyond  description -with  no  me.lloine,  no  f.>od,  no  baggage,  and  not  even  a 
shed  to  prot-'ot  their  wounded  bodies  from  tho  .lampness  of  the  midnight  air, 
they  were  oon.polle.1  to  lie  down  upon  tho  field  of  battle,  with  no  other  con- 
solation U.an  having  destroyed  a  populous  village  and  thousands  ofinnocont 
lives. 

PcnsacOlU,  Escnmbiu  county,  Florida,  is  situated  on  Pen- 
Bacola  Bay,  ten  miles  from  the  sea.  The  town  is  built  on  a  sandy 
Xin,  about  forty  feet  above  the  waters  of  tho  Bay.  It  is  reeu- 
larlv  laid  out,  and  contains  a  court  house,  custom  house,  and  two 
public  squares.  Eight  miles  below  the  city,  tl.ere  is  a  United 
States'  Navy  Yard,  which  covers  eighty  acres  of  ground,     f  opu- 

'"^Stllgesleave  tliree  times  a  week  for  Mobile,  Alabama,  and  Tal- 

lahassa,  Florida.  .     .    „    ,    .1     a.„i« 

OalvC»<ton,  Texas,  is  the  most  important  cily  in  the  btate. 
It  is  situated  on  the  eastern  part  of  Galveston  Island,  "t  the  en- 
trance of  tho  Bay.  It  was  first  settled  in  18:17,  since  which  time 
it  has  rapidly  increased  in  commerce  and  popiilation.  It  contaius 
a  large  number  of  stores  and  commission  houses,  four  cotton 
pressis,  two  high  schools,  one  university,  and  six  churches.  It 
haa  an  excellent  harbor,  with  sufficient  depth  of  water  to  float  »U 


vl 


mill 


-Y-sis^' 


OF   MEXICO. 


imrtorK,  Tuiinliizi*  InformiHl  Kfl 
,-,  to  timki-  fiirtlicr  pri'iinriitlnn* 
Diis  fur  hinisi'lf.  S™>n,  thi-  lowii 
1  liver  tlio  imirouiiclliit!  pliiiii,  us 
sfi'n,  but  11111!  vast  nJ»iiabl»K«  ul 
■luiiip  aiPil  on  tlie  >'ttr,  tliiin  tlio 
10  Kcniriil  nicl.'O.  Tho  .«i>aniftrcli, 
gi',  retrottteJ  to  tho  plain  without 
iiis!y  up  and  down  tli«  plain  for 

dcBtrny  the  wallf,  and  burn  tin 
ct  of  fire.  Thousands  of  fumale« 
g  where  they  had  taken  shelter, 
ut  been  for  the  arrival  of  the 
luld  certainly  have  lout  the  day. 
f,  and  ccaiMHl  only  with  the  «et- 
3n  a  more  dtnolate  wcne.  Tho 
:he  dead;  the  houm}»  were  about 
ind  baggage  of  Spaniards.  About 
f  them  more  or  less  wounded,  and 
eon's  care.  The  plain  around  was 
d  Indian  bodies,  besides  thoss  who 
•he  situation  of  the  Spaniards  was 

fnod,  no  basrgBge,  and  not  even  a 
the  dampness  of  the  midnight  air, 
field  of  battle,  with  no  other  con- 

village  and  thousands  of  Innocent 

,  Florida,  is  sitiiBled  on  Pen- 
Tlic  town  is  built  on  a  sandy 
iters  of  tlie  Buy.  It  is  regu- 
louse,  custom  liouse,  and  two 
f  tlie  city,  tliere  is  a  United 
ghty  acres  of  ground.     Popu- 

br  Mobile,  Alabama,  and  Tal- 

st  important  clly  in  the  State, 
f  Galveston  Island,  nt  tile  en- 
;led  in  18H7,  since  wliicli  time 
e  and  population.  It  contains 
inmission  houses,  four  cotton 
varsity,  and  six  churches.  It 
lent  depth  of  water  to  float  all 


ROUTES   ON    THE   OULF    OF    MEXICO. 


61 


onlinary  vessels,  and  is  by  far  the  most  flourishing  place  in  ths 
stalft      Populiitioii,  61)00. 

Tlicro  is  a  n-jliiliir  line  of  s  eiim  packets  leaving  New  Orleans 
every  Sunday  uikI  Wednesday,  .A.  .M  ;  also  a  liaily  line  to  Hous- 
ton, elgh'y-tive  miles  distant.'  Bouts  are  ronstaiilly  running  to 
the  Brazos,  Trinity,  and  Sabine  rivers,  and  to  Corpus  Christ!. 

Vi'l'Sl  Criiai,  rapital  of  the  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  is 
sitmited  on  the  south-west  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  19° 
Vi'  north  latitude,  and  9tP  9'  west  longitude,  and  has  an  uverugo 
uiiiMial  temperuturo  of  77  ?.  It  is  tho  principal  seaport  of  Mexico, 
mid  is  one  of  the  oldest  Spaiii-h  towns  on  the  continent.  The 
present  city  of  Vera  CruZ  was  founded  by  Count  de  .Monterey, 
near  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century,  and  is  situated  about  fif- 
teen miles  from  the  old  town  planted  in  1519,  by  Cortes,  who, 
ridded  by  religious  super-titlon,  named  it  "  L.*  Vii.i.a  Rica,"  or, 
Tlie  rich  tnicn  uf  Ihr  true  Cross.  Before  approaching  the  city, 
the  lofty  peak  of  Orizaba  comes  in  view,  with  its  eup  of  eternal 
snow,  reuring  its  head  fur  above  the  region  of  the  drifting  clouds, 
which  hover  around  its  summit. 

The  city  is  enclnsed  by  walls,  and  the  streets  are  wide,  regular, 
well-paved,  and  lighted  "by  two  hundred  and  thirty-two  lamps. 
The  houses  are  mostly  two  stories  high,  with  flat  roofs,  and  built 
of  submarine  stone,  obtained  fr«m  tho  seashore.  The  red  and 
white  cupolas,  numerous  towers,  and  buttlomentR,  present  u 
beautiful  appearance  when  viewed  from  the  sea.  Tho  liarhor  is 
very  insecure,  on  account  of  tlie  roeky  state  of  the  coast,  and 
the  severity  of  the  guh-s  lliut  prevail  iitru  during  a  largo  portion 
of  the  year.  The  public  buildings  consist  of  hospitals,  churches 
u»d  convents,  and  a  custom  house,  all  remarkable  for  their  size 
and  solidity,  rather  than  for  their  architectural  beauty.  The  cli- 
mate of  the  city,  owing  to  the  reflected  heat  from  the  numerous 
sand  hills  without  the  walls,  and  the  scarcity  of  water,  is  ex- 
tremely unhealthy,  especially  to  foreigners.  It  is  perhaps  mora 
snliject  to  yellow  fever  than  any  other  place  on  the  coast. 

the  country  in  tlie  vicinity  of  Vera  Cruz,  produces  everything 
ia  abundance.  Cattle  roam  in  vast  numbers  over  the  plains, 
which,  when  properly  cultivated,  yield  annually  two  abundant 
crops  of  corn,  and  tropical  fruit  of  a  superior  quality.  The  table- 
lands vary  so  little  in  temperature,  that  they  will  produce  most  of 
the  graiii.s  and  frnits  common  to  both  temperate  and  torrid  zones. 
Vera  Cruz  lias  been  besieged  and  taken  near  ten  times  —  once 
by  a  band  of  robbers  —  twice  by  tho  independent  and  ministerial 
troops  — three  or  four  times  by  the  Spaniards  —  once  by  the 
French — and  lastly  by  the  Americans,  under  General  Scott. 
The  castle  of  San  Juan  de  Ulloa  commands  the  entrance  of  th« 


62 


BOUTBH   ON    THK    UULK'    OF   MEXICO. 


It  Wi 


w .."I ". ....  ,.»";■<'".'",;;:„;,;;, ;:  .ri i-Ti.. .  ■ 

''chuKrVs'uid  Pnnan.a,  .ituatcd  in  the  republic  of 
PanaTnf  "t.;:  Jirge'JcrU'  rhe'uth.us,  formerly  perfornjed 

^Panama,  on  the  Bay  of  Panama.  Tacific  coa«t.  U  a  fortified 


fsNf  f*' 


UF   MEXICO. 

rtriisn  in  Am'Tlca.  It  wua 
I  or  bnr,  n  l>l»l<^  """■>•  ','"" 
iiwu.  'riiii*  iHliiii'l  roreivid 
,llril,  wliii  liill'l.-il   IliTi^   i>ri- 

,  COIltilU'llt.       TIllTH  wild  111! 

lich  tin'  imtiveH  oUVrfd  liu- 
ii'iice  to  tlin  roiiiimuidn  "f 
miic  beciiiiie  iiIIhpIi''i1  to_  tlii> 

itO    !"•     word    Ul.l.OA.       'I'll!' 

datioiiH,  biirli'd  ^W<•\^  i"  tlic 
ric-H  tlic  liMliiiiw  of  its  WiiVfs, 
ijitioiis,  U  ostiinatcd  at  forty 
mule,  of  Miiilrrpora  A»lrert,  a 
iimduiice  on  thc^  iiclghborlni; 
fivo  yurdB  ill  lliickiii'BH,  with 
rior.     Ttiern  uro  iicvph  lari,".' 
itaiii  ninety-three  lliouwuid 
bio  fei-t  of  wator.     Us  fidl 
',  huiidrorl  and  Hlxty-sevcn. 
,000,  and  itH  coinmiTo.',  vitv 
ho  Interior  pass  throujrh  tlnn 
f  of  Mexico,  by  an  e\ci  lleiit 
mdiao  aro  constantly  pasHiiiH. 
up  by  sea,  with  the  various 
1.     British  Mtcamers   on  their 
t  ship  island  on  the  2l9t  or 

sitnatcd  in  the  repnblic:  of 
■  the  Isthmus  of  Uarien,  un , 
California,  fast  becoming  ii.i- 
3  Chagres  river,  seven  uiil'"( 
g  place  of  all  thoso  who  ar.> 
Isthmus.  The  Chagres  river 
Ich  U  but  fifteen  miles  Iroiu 
Isthmus,  formerly  performed 
ison  extremely  dlmcnlt.  It 's 
,-ay.  The  climate  is  very  un- 
,f  remaining  long  in  the  place, 
lagres,  is  the  terminus  of  the 
;ross  the  Isthmus,  46  miles- 
Line  of  Steamers  from  New 

la,  Tacific  coast,  is  a  fortificil 

)00,  and  of  Panama  10,000. 


norTKs  (» 


TilK    flfJ.F    OF    MEXICO. 


03 


„:>,,,  oue':r.;.reg.w.;v,ing,..;;.;  or  _^^ 

^'nav-.-" rv\.:^/t:r'i;ri3:"^^^tu!;";:":' 

,^„  „„r.l.-w,MUrn  p.rt  u    .he  >•"'•''-'.,,„,  ,.,^,,t  ,  .,.„r  •  a 


\<  slt'ril.vl  In 
;ul.l 

„.  «i„:l   l.y  th-  snrroniuin  t:   'i'^'"''  ''    '   V  „ ,  ,i,„„.     On 

„.,„„„„lc:,t..swill.   t;.e.,-..,He.,;.tort  .      n 


,,.,„„nnic;.fswai.  '"".  '■•'-  V^     ?' '    ,  Voutin.h.ns  row  of  forts, 

,,  i':;;ss,:,s::!;.!.«,M«oMw..c,,y,, ,«,.■";»>■  1^ 
:,r:,s,J-:^rSi;:^rs:;;;^iS'»v™i»::;s:s- 


till'  Hlirilie< 
,.r..at  »!{'■•      l  "^'  '"liT'"''  •"•"'""""  "h  ". '',:["V,",.Tr  ih  •   Cfilin.',  ad- 


(;r..at  »!{'■•       l  "^'  '"'^'■""'  '"  ^"''"■"''''  ''■"''  '''•""" 


II 


in  tli.<  w  ill.     l)n  the  lell  hand  sid.' 


woi 
rrei'S.'S 


£.dlm  uS;;."  lib  ,0,,™.. ....  ■'""«'»'  '"■"  '■'•""' 


CA 


ROUTES    EAST    OF    I'lTTSOUKG 


„wuy,  as  llH-  .l,o.l..s  of  tl.«  poor  present  a  st rilling  "'"""^^t  will, 
he  nilaces  of  Iho  ricli.  TI.e  streets  are  narrow  and  very  poor  > 
I'm!.;      The  co,nmerce,  which  is  consicienO.le   c.,nsista  .nostly 

of  sugar,  uud  tropical  fruits.     I'opulalion,  140^000. 

Vesils  run  regularly  frou.  Havana  to  NeNV  Orleans,  and  most 

of  the  Atlantic  ports.     Also,  to  all  the  important  seaports  of  Eu- 

'°  A'roeular  line  of  United  States  Mail  Steamers  has  been  cs- 
tablished  between  New  :  Heans  and  Havana.  Regular  steam 
packets  also  ply  between  th  •<  port  and  New  York. 


ROUTES  EAST  OF  l^ITTSBUIia. 

A  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  MOST  IMPORTANT  PLACES 

AND  ROUTES,  EAST  OF  PITTSBURG. 

The  Monontjalicla  Kivcr. 

T..F.  MoNONOAHELA  rises  iu  Randolph  county,  ^llrgin'"'  ""'I 
after  a  northern  course  of  three  bumred  m.les,  uu.tes  with  tl^ 
A  lecrhanv  at  Pittsburg.  It  is  navigable  lor  steamboats,  as  far  as 
BowS.l  sixty  mL  above  Pittsburg;  and  for  keelboa  s,  near 
U^o  Zlred  .nhis  fro„.  its  mouth.  Us  Pn"-!'!'.  l;-'-  '"lie 
the  Cheat  and  Youghiogeuy  rivers.  Large  quau  i  les  of  e.vcelltnt 
ctl  ire  a.'uJly  brought  ,1own  this  river,  au.l  ^";i:P-  .^» -['"^j 
points  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers.  1  he  u■^^  'ff'  o"  »  '  "^ 
Hver  has  been  greatly  improved  and  made  permanent,  b>  ho 
ereotionof  eiglft  or  ten  substantial  locks  bot^yecnBro^vnsvdlo 
m^  Pittsburgh.     Boats  now  run  daily  to  the  latter  place. 

rinrkshurs,  county  seat  of  Harrison  county,  \  irginia,  is 
sitS  on  the  we^I't  fork  o\  the  Mononguhela  seventy  m.  en  from 
the  Ohio  river.  The  town  stauds  on  a  small  pi  ce  ol  elevaleu 
L?  urrounded  by  a  few  smalM.ills  -hileEkCred.  flows 
pent  y  through  the  town,  iu>parting  ;ts  heaut.e  to  the  ^cene 
Tliere  are  excellent  coal  mines  in  the  vicinity  of  this  place,  wnicii 
^eUalarge  amount  of  coal.  Iron  and  ..alt  are  a  so  found  o  somo 
eiteit  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  and  contains  several  Urge 
n^rcantile  houses,  four  churches,  two  academies,  and  two  printing 

°«i^^^-irK;:irrapi?ar;f  Manon  county.  Virginia   is  sHuato^^ 
on  the  Monongahela,  twenty-two  miles  north   of  Clarksburg. 


The 
i-liiii^f 
s'Vi-rul 
Lilly,  a 
Init  tin 
ar,>  l:ir} 

l»Sll 

Opi>0:-il 

K.'veral 
ItlO 

(loi'.ris 
iiboul  I 
the  lar 


iTsouno. 


it  11  stnltiiiK  roiitrast  willi 
•e  narrow  ami  vt-ry  poorly 
sidenible,  consists  mostly 
ion,  140,(100. 

o  Nbw  Orleans,  and  most 
important  seaports  of  Eu- 

lil  Steamers  lins  been  cs- 
Havana.  Regular  steam 
New  York. 


'ITTSBUIia. 

IMPORTANT  PLACES 
F  PITTSBURG. 

la  Bivcr. 

)!ph  county,  Virginia,  nn^i 
(Ired  miles,  unites  with  tlio 
)le  for  Klenmboats,  as  far  as 
irp;  and  for  keelboiits,  near 
Us  principal  branches  aroi 
iurge  quantities  of  excellent 
■iver,  and  shipped  to  various 
era.    The  navigation  of  this 
:i  made  permanent,  hy  Iho 
locks,  between  Brownsville 
;  to  the  latter  place. 
[arrison  county,  Virginia,  is 
inguhela,  seventy  miles  from 
11  a  small  piece'  of  elevated 
ills,  while  Elk  Creek  flows 
r  its  beauties  to  the  scene, 
'vicinity  of  this  place,  which 
id  .^alt  are  also  found  to  somo 
and   contains  several   large 
I  academies,  and  two  printing 

county,  Virginia,  is  situated 
miles  north   of  Clarksburg. 


ROVTES    EAST    OF    PITTSDUKG. 


6fi 


.     „,.,nr-.t,.,MM  1800.  and  is  now  a  very  flour- 
The  town  was  >nco  P    •  t.  1  b  '    ^^^  ^^^^^^^_  ^^^^^  ^^^ 

'"""^'     ir    am    n     dw'l   a^s.     T!.e  .urroundiag  country  }s 
,.v.ral  nils,  and   '•''    '"'^   '    Ki.,,„  ,„,.,.sts  arc  fille.!  with  excel- 

l::;;^;,;;;;;!,;;",s'irSi.'s «...  «;;^ « «■■  -  «-'■  "'-«'■ 

..y.^ ;  M  moiil  r>. » .....;...f,v...«B".  -—""b  '••  ■■"•■■ 

^""^A::^^^^^^^  f-'>  G--v»  in  Switzerland^  the 

;;:  the  affi  o    l  is  1  ted  Country,  he  built  an  elegant  mansmn 
J^iitr;or.edin..hi.ory^Uur^ 

Ce  of^ru^Tt^s  lk;S^li:n:  t^^ 

infant  republic  of   America.      AJ^^";; ''^   ^,^,^,^  t]^^  of 

C^r^rh^^^  A^^.^-t^S'l2ti;  of  August,  im, 

'''S^ora.tmcCFSerclnty.  Penns-a.  is  situated  twelve 
•^,  ^onh-TvT"  of  Unionlown,  at  the  .ntersection  of  the  na- 

;;::;ir:SAKi:^-d -iSor^he  rwe.  aaa  the  Bal- 
timoro  and  Ohio  railroad. 


CG 


ROUTKS    KAST    OF   riTTSBUlia. 


Tlio  iiifvlnustil)!'  W:U  of  co;i\  in  tlifi  vicin:ly,  must  cvonUial  y 
nv.Ui-  it  li  L'r:-;.t  M.;imila.;turhi);  pluoo.  Tl.o  U,wn  cniitums  a  biiik, 
u  Ali.'sonic  Hull,  srvc.  cin.relu-s,  sovcnil  foiMidrios,  ami  inucmno 
Bhops,  u  n..r.,l„T  of  n.ill.s,  U.reo  ijlaHS  niclori.'s,  a.i.l  oll..-r  factor.,., 
of  vaHon.  M,li,l.-s.  Tl.Te  is  a  spleudi,!  bn,  jr„  over  tlio  Mm.on- 
■ral.ola,  wind,  was  la.ill  iu  1S:W,  an,l  U  t.M  l.-et  long,  ami  cost 
§51,0011.  lirowiisville  was  iucorporatoU  iu  Itilo,  uuU  now  oon- 
tuiiis  a  po|)iilutioii  of  3,000. 

3IoilOUSSlllcl',l  C-ity,  Wushington  county,  Pennsylvania, 
is  sitiiat.-a  on  the  Moi.ongal.ola,  at  the  mouth  of  Pigeon  creok. 
The  town  ocnunifs  a  beautiful  plain,  ascending  grudna  ly  trom 
the  river  Iron,  coal,  and  wit,  ubouml  in  great  quantities  throng  i- 
out  tlie  surrounding  country.  This  town  is  noted  "f  l'«"'e  "») 
place  where  tlie  insurgents  held  a  great  meeting  in  l.Jl,  during 
the  Whiskei,  In^urreclion.  Since  tlie  year  I&.IO,  this  place  has 
increased  rapidlv.  It  contains  two  glass  factories,  three  saw 
mills,  two  carding  machines,  and  si.t  churches.    Popu .atiou,  l.iuu. 

Note. 
OREENSBURO,  onunty  seat  of  Westmoreland  oounly,  i«  Ritaatcd  thirty- 
ono  miles  east  of  I'ltt^-bursj,  on  the  I'lttsliurg  and  licdford  turrpiko.  U  con- 
tains a  court  house,  an  academy,  and  ton  churches.  It  was  incorporated  hi 
1799,  but  lias  increased  slowly,  as  there  are  no  facilities  for  manufacturing. 
Population,  \W0. 

This  place  is  noted  as  the  opot  where  the  remains  of  the  unfortunate  Gen- 
eral Arthur  St.  Clair  repose.  Jler-,  in  an  oljscure  corner  of  a  I'rcfbyterina 
churchyard,  the  weary  limbs  of  this  man  found  that  rest,  of  whiih  hie 
deprived  tliem.  For  years  those  molderiiig  ashes  were  marked  by  no  mon- 
ument,  save  the  thorns  and  thistles  that  grew  in  their  native  wildness, 
over  hh  grave.  In  liis  old  age,  he  was  for.^aken  by  his  friends,  and,  wo 
regret  to  add,  by  his  country.  After  suffering  from  the  pangs  of  poverty,  ho 
flnaJly  succeeded  in  obtaining  frum  Congress,  a  pension  of  $00  per  month. 
He  died  on  the  3lBt  of  August,  1818,  In  the  84th  year  of  his  age.  In  ISSi, 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  acting  upon  the  square  of  equal  justice,  plac-cd  over 
bU  grave  a  monument,  bearing  the  following  inscriptions ; —&m(A  nUt: 
"The  earthly  remains  of  Migor  General  St.  Clair,  are  deposited  beneath  this 
humblo  monument,  which  is  creeU'd  to  supply  the  place  of  a  nobler  one,  duo 
from  his  country.  He  died  August  .31,  1818,  in  the  84th  year  of  his  age." 
Xbrlh  fid.-;  "This  stone  is  erected  over  the  remains  of  tlielr  departed 
brother,  by  members  of  the  Masonic  Society."' 

EllWlllClhtOWIi,  Alleghany  county,  Pennsylvania,  i.i  a 
beautifully  located  manufacturing  town,  situated  on  the  Monon- 
gahela,  sixteen  miles  above  Pittsburg.     The  town  was  laid  out  in 


.  iiijpfi*!  wMmmii^?  ■r*""""'''t?g»!sya.' 


ROUTES    EAST    OF   PITTSBURG. 


67 


ITT3BUR0. 


i>,  vit;iM:ly,  must  cvontiiiiliy 
'I'lio  town  ciiutuina  a  biiiik, 
rill  fouudrii's,  ami  inucliiui! 
iictori.'s,  uud  olIiiT  fiictorii's 
ii,l  brhlirii  ovur  tlin  Moiioii- 
1  i^  tiliO  li'ct  long,  and  I'list 
toil  ill  lal  J,  uua  now  coil- 

igton  county,  Pennsylvania, 
lie  inoutli  of  Pigeon  creek. 
11,  asr.eiidiiig  grudiially  from 
in  gri'ul  qiianlilies  tlirongli- 
1  town  is  noted  us  being  ibe 
•eat  meeting  in  1*91,  during 
e  year  18110,  this  place  lias 
glass  factories,  three  saw 
:hurches.    Popu'.atiou,  1 ,100. 


reland  oounly,  if  Ritnatcd  thirty- 
rg  und  Bedford  turnpiko.  U  con- 
•hurcbcs.  It  was  iiicorpomti'd  hi 
re  no  fadlitics  fur  manufiicturi-jg. 

!  remains  of  the  unfortanate  Ccr- 
oljscure  rorrer  of  a  I'ri'fbytcrinu 
in  fonnd  that  reft,  of  whiih  lilB 
g  ashes  were  nmrkid  hy  no  uion- 
t  grew  in  tlioir  native  wildnesf, 
forsakou  by  liis  friends,  and,  wo 
ring  from  the  pangs  of  poverty,  hi) 
ress,  a  pension  of  $00  per  month. 
lie  84lh  year  of  his  age.  In  If  Si, 
/ua)-«  of  equal  justice,  placed  met 
lowing  inscriptions  ;  —Siuth  tiilt : 
t.  Clair,  are  deposited  beneath  this 
pply  the  place  of  a  nobler  one,  dec 
818,  in  the  84th  year  of  his  age." 
er  the  remains  of  Uielr  departed 
ty.-' 

,•  county,  Pennsylvania,  is  a 
town,  situated  on  the  IVlonon- 
re.    The  town  was  laid  out  in 


„«rli«.-wosl  territory    .viu.  organized  by 
i;„  iMisiues.  of  shii.  bail.,  n^g  ^^"^iT.l 


17-7,  lln>  year  llial  t'le 

i;,j„;,n-8s,  i.nl  mill  '''',,'','.,,, ,,,,,,1  b,s'un>;d  out  several 

,„„,roe.l.     Sine.  IM..   >";'\  ^  ';-       "^    Vr  river  e....t.     The  com- 
tl,.ns-,Md  ions -U   bonis   b.g.^a,U  ^^  ^     ;^     „;„„  ,,,,     ,„,„y 

|„,i„„  of  lb-.  Mono.,;:  1.  1^'  ■  ■       „;  ,„.  „,.,,  *^,|,,,.     .riie  tow.. 
in.Mv.sed  Ibo  '=;''''''',7' '■',,;,,:         rv,r,ls,s..v.'rd  saw  mills  and 
,„„„U,s  four  <■'"<"■  ;-;     .  ,  ,,Hc  ;  r Is     Vop^ilalion,  l.lHK). 
,,1;,..,  vvnob'M,  uii  I  "'  V  ^''i■''  ''V     ;  ,1, , ,.,,  V  county,  oil  tbe  banks 
,f  ,„..  Mo>.ou,:.U,.l:..  ten   m  .  s      Kiu.       HsUrj,  ^^^^^^^  ^^ 
l„„g  \y,  remenib..re,l  ,u.    ^^^'^      ',.,,,,  „,„,,'  |..i.U  qualities  of  a 
,„„:Ui..  great  an.    ';";;'';|  '    ,\  t'  '    f,.'  „Uilled  lihi,  to  the  respe^ct 
■■"'"  ""''  "  P""''''t       I  ound    s  souiowhat  elevated,  and  at  lb« 
of  bis  country.      1  b^'  R'""",'"  m,  .^  ,!e„so  forest,  in  wbicb  tlio 
,i„„,  oi    tbe  bittle    was  <;^\-    ^  ,\ '  ^    ,  ^^     ,,  .JvaUCe  of  tbe  Hrit- 
l,„U.ns  bad  --^•"^'     ■;  "^i  ;'^  Vurl  Uu  Q.esu.      Wasbiugton 
ish,  wbo  were  on   tin  ir  ^^'^  '      ,  ^         j  ;„  case  tbey  were 

,„vi:sod  Ikaddock  to  f "'''"',  '.e  woo  s  and  figbt  Ibcm  iu  their 
,ataokedby  huians  tot  -  oj  --^  treat^  with  conlenipt 
„«u  way.  But  t','  '  'f'^"' ,^"  relied  upon  the  superior  discipline 
l>.v  ll>«  r«"^  "'  tr  Accor.  nglvou  tbe  9tU  of  July,  be  began 
01-  bis  liuglisli  trooph.     '^'-'^'''^     ''■J   ,       ,,,  ,,i^  „niiy  were  about 

„i.  niarcli  will.  X:'£  ^l^T^Z^^--  ">>"-'  ""^  ««*■ 
10  be  reviewed  by  the  ,^; ';,';■„';,„„.,„,■, be  ludii.u  war  cry  rang 
vanced  far,  wl''""  I''''' ' '^"''^^'''  "S.*^  ""^j  f,  \vi,i,  fearful  accent  on 
trough  tbe  ^vood  at  ^ ';■  "  "'j  ^^i"  very  ree  tbe  awful  llasb  of 
l,is  ear.  Soon  ibere  '''^^^V,^",;,  '^advancing  army  iu  great 
I„lian  •"->V:':;:£;f  \X  wb.:^.  tUvce  borscsliad  been  kille^ 
confusion.     "™'''"'-"V    ,',,;,,.  i,,  his  luns'S  ""'1  was  carrn'U  off 

soon  receivo.1  a  mortal  ;7;'";, '"'';,  .iJ,".)     The  battle  last- 
Ibelb.ddbyCol.aage,    ul      «ar      l-.^U  t    J  ^^^^ 

ed  three  bour.s,  during  ^^'''.^'''^„r  wounded.  Tbe  so  called 
""'•rV'  ^l:'k  ^Intr  diS."  i^vhig  everything  a  prey 
regular  troops  A'-''^.,  '  ^  ^^^  companies  of  Virginia  troops  who 
to  tbe  «'«=■">•. „{'f,  a  lastrous  battle,  behaved  themselves  lU  a 
were  engaged  in  t'"^"^7;'\  companies,  not  one  was  left  to 
,„„,terly  '""""f^.^  """^  °,  if  Of  tl  0  whole  nun.ber  engaged,  but 
tell  the  fate  0   ^^^'^   'I'^'XiM]  brave  but  haughty  commander. 

thirty  escaped  ^'^^^"^.".dXir  wounded  General  for  four  days. 
The  ret.eatuig  army  carrud^lcir  ^^^  ^^  ^,,.j 

When  Heven  miles  f';"?,^'l"'7^„t  by  the  advancing  army.     It 


T^wr" 


68 


ROUTES    KA8T    OF    I'lTTSBLRO. 


trpo,  was  the.  only  moniinii-nt  tluit  timrUed  Um  prave  of  tins  horo 
of  tli'i  French  war.  burii>!  litiio  siiioc,  iiis  remains  wiTo  acculcii- 
tallv'dUiiilorrcl,  and  many  of  his  bones  and  military  IrapfinKs 
foniul  their  way  to  thu  iiiusoum,  where  they  arc  iire.s.rvod  as 
curiosilios. 

BirniillSlinni,  is  a  largo  inanufactiirinp  town,  situated  on 
the  suulli  side  of  the  Monongaliela,  one  mile  from  the  center  ot 
TittshnrL'.  It  has  three  chure.lies,  one  lUi.rkel-ho.ise,  »»^  ^'y";' 
larire  L'las.,  factories,  and  iron  foundries.  '1  here  is  over  $.3()0,(HII) 
caijital  employed  here  in  the  various  manufactories,  llie  popu- 
lation is  3,0UU.  ] 
The  AllcgJiaiiy  Biicr. 

The  Allejrhiinv  river  rises  in  the  northern  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
thcuce  Hows  in'a  north-westerly  direcliou  through  llie  southern 
part  of  New  York,  thence  returninjr  to  IVnnsylvunia  ;  and  alter 
Dursuine  a  L'enerd  sonth-west  direction  of  lour  hundred  miles, 
unites  with  the  Monongahelu  at   Piitshnrg.     '1  he  waters  of  this 
river  are  pure  and  clear,  while  those  of  the  Moiiongahela  arc  col- 
ored by  the  soil  thronsh  which  it  Hows.      Vast  quantities  ol    uin- 
W  are  sawed  alon(r  this  river,  and  tloaled  in  r.ts  Jo  I'lttsburg 
and  Cincinnati.     It  is  navij;ahle  for  keel  bouts,  about  ^;.0  miles. 
The  country  between  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela  nvers,  is 
the  richest  coal  region  in  the  Union.     As  we  pass  d   .yn  the  Ohio, 
the  mind  becomes  more  and  more  impressed  witl.  the  idea  that 
the  river  lias  not  always  pursued  the  same  channel  ;  but  that  a 
lume  tract  of  country  on  both  sides  of  the  Ohio,  was  once  be- 
neath its  sounding  waves.     Instead  of  a  river,  -t  was  probably 
then  a  creat  lake,  with  a  few  mountain  streams  pomiiig  into  it. 
These  slreains  in  their  rapid  course,  must  necessarily  carry  ^yith 
their  rolling  current,  vast  quantities  of  limber,  which  would  bo 
deposited  in  regular  layers  at  the  mouth,  and  uflerward  covered 
with  soil.     Ages  indeiiiiite  and  unnumbered  roll  by  ;  generation 
after  generation  of  animal  existence  pass  away,  and  nevy  crea- 
tures constantly  appear-man,  the  beauty  of  God's  creation,  a 
last  comes  Into  being,  "multiplies  and  replenishes  the  earth  , 
more  than  one  hundred  generations  of  these  new  forms  lie  mol- 
dering  in  the  dust  they  tread,  when  by  chance  there  is  discovered 
deep  in  the  earth  a  vegetable  substance,  highly  inHaminab  e  in  lU 
naturo,  but  hard  as  the  rocks  that  lay  on  the  summit  of  the  hills. 
The  question  now  arises,  is  not  this  coal   the  same  substance, 
that  once  floated  along  that  river,  was  imbedded  in  earl  i,  and, 
after  undergoing  successive  chemical  changes,  according  to  hnys 
of  whose  action  we  know  but  little,  has  assumed  this  new  lorm,  In 
order  to  subserve  more  fully  the  wants  of  man  ? 


Olo 

Allegh; 
villtifre, 
(l(Mies> 
ates  h' 
eounei 
this  pi 
cliiiniii 

lo  vari 


now 
iiere 


rrsBLRO. 


UOITKS    HAST   Vi-    PlTTSlllKU. 


69 


•Ued  tho  prave  of  tliin  lioro 
iiis  remuiiis  wi'io  accideii- 
los  and  military  tnipfiiiitrs 
cro   llioy  are  pR'Sirved  as 

"actiirinfT  town,  sitiiatpd  on 
le  mile  from  tin-,  ccntt^r  ot' 
lUiirkt't-lioiiSf,  iiiid  wvcral 
1.  TlienM8ov.T$;3()0,()OI) 
uiiiufactorics.     Tlie  popu- 

Bii'cr. 

llipru  part  of  Pi-nnsylvaiii:i, 
clion  tliroiigli  llui  soiitlierii 
lo  IVnnsylvuiiia  ;  uiid  aflor 
ion  of  four  hundred  niilcf, 
<l)iir|T.  Till-  waters  of  tins 
f  llie  Moiiongaliola  are  col- 
's. Vast  quantities  of  luui- 
loalnd  in  rafts  to  Pittsburg 
,pe!  liouts,  aljont  250  miles, 
and  Monongaliel-i  rivers,  is 

As  we  pass  d  .vn  tlie  Ohio, 
npressed  with  the  idea  that 
■  same  channel  ;  but  that  a 

of  the  Ohio,  was  once  be- 
of  II  river,  -t  was  probably 
lin  streams  poiuiii({  into  it. 
tnnst  necessarily  carry  with 

of  linil)er,  which  would  bo 
mill,  and  afterward  covered 
mbered  roll  by  ;  generation 
I  pass  away,  and  new  crea- 
bcauty  of  God's  creation,  at 
ind  replenishes  the  earth  ; " 
of  these  new  forms  lie  mol- 
ly  chance  there  is  discovered 
CO,  highly  inllummable  in  its 
,'  on  the  summit  of  the  hills. 
is  coal  the  same  substance, 
vns  imbedded  in  eurlh,  and, 
1  changes,  accoTiling  to  laws 
las  assumed  this  new  form,  iu 
its  of  mau  7 


„„...f«'   New  York.  Is  sitnated  on  tho 

Olonu.  f^;"''':'"K",^,^;'  '  \\;.J;,V;.ek      This  is  a  fiourishinjr 

Alleghany  «tllwvin.Kl.on  of        u^>cR^^^^  .,.,.o 

villajro,  aad  destui.-d  I"    ",'^"  " ,  "  '^  it  will.  Rochester,  tenuin- 

''■"T"  "'"'iC^ino  :'i:^^r:^<  lee  Koutc  Hk  which 
,„,«  h-r...  !'•:,  "''-  °/,),,„|drkonLake  F,rie,  pass.-»  through 
7.'""";''  '^^"  hmI  widt  of  Alloghany  is  twenty  rods,  and  its 
tins  place.  II'-  ;\'  '."■;„,,,.  if u  estimated  tliat  more  than 
clumucd  free  frou    obstruaions      i  miuually  sent 

o,,0,0(H),00i)foeto    lumb    .         xc.le^^^^^ 

U,  various  places  along  '^'"'''y  ^„,„^,      j,  ,i„„ted  on  tho 

?^'"7'*' nV^'X^l  V  Hs  'r  nea"  the  m'outh  of  Conewango 
H.bt  ba>>k  "  J  ;  ^  ,^,f  ,/,';,„aiMing  an  area  of  three  hun.lred 
ereek.  U  ..-  '  '  ''  j'',  ,ir,y.,U-e  feet  above  the  water.  It  was 
,,^ros.  eleva  ed  .  Imut        riy  extensive  plan.     Near 

ineorporated  m  ^  J,  "^'^  ^^'^  °  ^  „,„„„j  ^,ach  are  the  court 
,he  center,  is  'V'"  £.'"'''' «,',.«  growth  of  the  place  has  been 
house  and  P"1>1''V  f  'u";..!!";     are  k-ft  ahnost  alone,  most  of  tho 

slow,  and  the  1\>!  '  '  ,'^"'  i,^^,"  During  the  winter  an.l  summer 
bouses  be.ngbudtalogtiurver  y  ^^^^  ^^^^._^^  ^j^^ 

months,  Warren  s  "■'  ','  t  ,^  bustle  and  activity  of  lumber 
:aai';;:;Hnf^pt  for  below,  with  their  long  traia 

c,f  rafU.     Populauou,  1,-1    •  y^.„„     „  „„„„ty.  Pennsylvania, 

rrailkl....  conn  y  s.    t  o    >  u  ang^^^^       y,  ^,^^^^^. 

is  situated  »»  ''"^.A  ■^Vn,?^o.t'""«th'^'  "«""'  """"'y  buildings, 
It  was  laid  on  .a  1 ',!;;.."  ^eseC^^al  large  mills  and  furnaces  iu 
„„d  .ix  churches.  1  :  "^,''^^,^„  derives  a  large  amount  of 
the  vicinity.  Iron  «''"-'  /''''.i.^AlleLrUany  is  navigable  from 
trade.  During  ^^fjl'\l{J^,,^X  lu.ndred  ami  twenty- 
Pittsburg  to  t^'  1.";  ou  Frtmch  creek  aftord  in.mense  water- 
four  nnles.  .^ j'Sp  '  '  jsa  sideitdid  bridge  across  tho  Alleghany 
irer.mcuf  a  gSXlgo  to  tho  t^wn.  Population,  ,00.^. 
Kittanning,  seat  of  justice  of  Armstro.,g  coun  y.  K-nn. 

sylvania,  is  situated  on  1''°  «"^^^  °'  ^ Me  of  an  old  Indian 
/enter  of  tho  county,  and  w»!  .*™ Va^' '^-a  „„t  in  1804,  and 
town  of  the  «"■"«. """"';, ,YV^  rum  ing  parallel  with  tho  river. 
consisu  of  four  pnnc.pai  «" "«^;X"  U  contains  the  county 
crossed  at  right  »>'g'^-«„'',r  S^t"  ,7^;  l^,^°"^,„„i  el,urches. 
buildlng.,auucBdemy,a  tem  It^  sunm^^  ^^^^ 

The  town  is  consuUred  ^^J^f/j'.f,';;„"„.id,t  of  a  rich  agricul- 
33^;:C;^.  cS.Ku  t.  ..r  to  bocome  an  i.„portu.U 
Inauufacturing  town.     PopulaUou,  1,500. 


70 


KUITKH    EAST    vv    I'[IT>j;rUi;. 


Fl'orport.  Artuftronir  roniity,  rnnnsylvaiilii,  i.<  n  (linirisli- 
iiiir  lowi)  on  111.'  viL'l.l  Ii:im1v  of  llii- 'A1Ii-;;1i;ui\  riv-r,  :iirl  rcmisyl- 
Vii.ii  I  Ciiniil.  Tiii.-*  ciiii'l,  xvliicli  riiiis  lliioii);li  tlio  town,  h;i3 
lii'fii  llirowiiijr  11  (irrat  aiiiuiiul  iiT  ii;i.-;i,ii'tis  in  i\k  pliico,  wliich 
nllii'nvi.s',  w.Mil  I  li:ivi'.  ROii^'lil  liiirn-i.t  i.lituuiils.  ,M.iiiy  kmU 
w.-lU  w.Ti-  siiiik  ill  lli'i  hil'N  ::oiitli  ol'  111.'  viliiig.s  \\  hicli  uro  now 
III  siioc-.-isriil  DjiiTatioil.     I'oiiahilioM,  l.'v'DO. 

Ml,J8*J5;5)\SI'yr.  i- iiliM-imlly  sitiiMt-l  oil  tlin  rifflit  liiiiik  of 
thft  A!l.-.:!i:n.y,  liv.-  mill-:!  uIimvi-'  rillslmrj;.  It  i.i  ii  .xiiiill  villtipr, 
(•i)iit,:iiiiiii(,f  nil  i:i  in-lri.iiis  :m,l  i'iit'ri)ri.~ir.ir  poji  il:iliiui.  it  lus 
Mi-V'Tiii  luTfi''  !<Jij)  yari-",  I'mtii  \viiii:;i  u  iiiiiiiiur  of  nliaiii  siiid  kvil 
li(>it.<  ur.'  iiniiuilly  laiiiioln'  1. 

f/?Wr«*tS«"«''Vi]k',  iianicvl  i:i  lioiiiir  of  (.',ii  t.  I,a>.vi-.;inf,  of 
111"  t'.  i^.  Navy,  in  pli-asaiilly  sitiial.- 1  on  tin;  ii'lt  liaiik  of  llii; 
y\lli'^,'iiaiiy,  two  iiM'l  a  liulf  iiiil.s  above  rillsl.iir;r  i"  IIh"  ci-iiccr 
of  \i\r  h'lwn,  IliiTc.  i.i  all  U.  S.  Ars.'iial,  at  wlii.ii  ari'  .slori'il  all 
Horts  of  liiililary  ruiiipmcMl-J,  wliii'li  aiv  clii;)!)'.!  wot  an, I  j'onlli, 
us  o.-r  l^ioll  rrrinins.  In  lla'  viciiiily,  on  llii^  liiuli  grouii'.H,  tlnTo 
iiri"  IN, my  fini'  luaiisi.nis,  111.'  rr-i.iciK-.'S  of  llio  NV'llliy  cili/.i'llrt  of 
rill-ilnirij.  Til"  town  runlMiiis  fuiir  I'liiircli.'S  aini  a  ly(;<'niii.  It 
was  al  tills  iilaci'  wlicrr  (u  iirral  ^Va:  !iiiii;lnii,  in  JTo.'i,  v.:unv  iii'ar 
losin;;  Ms  lil'i-  liy  att.'iniilin;;  to  cross  tli,.-  iiv<T  on  u  raft,  whon  it 
was  lilli'.l  V.  itii  lloalii';,'  i(^•. 

All4<^Si:ttiy  t'jly,  is  silnati-J  on  llic  riiilit  liaiili  of  lliv  Alio- 
frliany  river,  o|);iosit  •  riitslnirj;.  'I'his  city  i-;  sirietly  a  part  of 
riltslniri:,  llioni;li  iiii'i.T  a  iinrereiit  ooriioratioi.  Many  of  tlio 
luisiii'-ss  iiii'll  of  I'ltlslinrf;  nsi  le  liere,  in  ur.ler  to  *>cap«  tlio 
pIoiiiIs  of  sniokf,  tliat  eoastantly  liover  over  tlie  "  Iron  Cily."  II 
liiis  coiisiJeral.le  coiiiiiierci',  an  I  iloes  a  larji"  iiiaiiiilacliiriii;^  liiisi- 
ii-ss  ;  ciiiployin};  a  caiiital  of  near  :*!),. "»'l!),!)i!().  Tlie  cily  coiilaini* 
twenty  chiirclies  of  virions  (lenoiniiialions,  .hrco  ucaJcmics, 
iifteen  sirliools,  aiul  a  popnl.ilion  of  11,!)()'). 

'I'll  ■  Wi'slern  'I'lieolojiieal  J-'eniinary  of  tlio  rri'sliytfriaii  Clinrcli 
was  located  liere,  in  l-^riiT.  It  stamis  on  a  hill  xi'liicli  rist's  uboiit 
one  luin.iro;!  feci  ulnive  tlie  river.  'J'lio  biiilaiiif;  is  one  Imndred 
iind  lifly  feet  lonjr,  fonr  slorl's  liijjh,  willi  wings  tiiroe  wlories  liigll. 
I'loni  tills  liill,  you  liavo  u  heaolil.il  view  of  boiU  cities,  uh  llioy 
Htreicli  aloii^  the.  iiiarfiiii  of  the  rivers  wliicli  wind  throufjU  the 
valley  heio'.v.  This  institution  has  connected  with  it,  u  work- 
lihop  lor  maiinal  labor,  and  u  library  of  G,Oill)  voliini'.'s. 

liehind  iieiiiinury  hill,  is  the  Western  reniti'nliary,  an  iinnicnae 
castle-built  bnihjnir,  of  the  ancient  Normal;  style.  Jt  was  com- 
pleted in  It^il,  ul  a  cost  of  $18:i,0'Ji  ;  near  1,200  prisoners  liuve 
iieeu  received  here,  sMice  l\xt  commouceiacut  of  tlio  iiuttitutioa. 


[TTfecrui;. 


PITTSDCIIO. 


71 


'iMinsylvnnlii,  U  n  fl(iiiris!i- 
f;;liiuiy  riv-r,  :;iil  rcnns\  I- 
iiis  lliroiij;li  tlio  louii,  li:it) 
i.si.ii'ss  ill  lli'i  pl.-mo,  which 
LM.t  i.-lituuii'ls.  ,\I:iiiy  ^'•|lt 
111.'  viling.s  wliicli  aro  now 
1  ,-:'l)0. 

it.vl   oil  llii*  rijflit  liiuik  of 

liiiri;.      It  i,:  11  xriiill  vill'.ip', 

iri-ii'.jr  jHiji  iliilliiii.      it   lias 

iiiiiiuit  t  of  ntraiii  uiid  keel 

iiior  of  (.'.i|  t.  I.M'.vv.iini',  of 
•I  on  till'  li'ft  li:iii!<  of  tliii 
■e  ^ilt^|rllI;r.       jii  liic  Ci'lllcr 

mil,  lit  wiiiiii  nri'  (-inri'il  ull 
iri'  ."liiiip'ii  Wot  nil. I  i-oiilli, 
on  llir  liiuii  (;roiiii'.s,  tlnTo 
■s  of  llio  W'l'  illUy  cili/.i'iis  of 
'liiircli.'S  iiini  ;i  lyci'iiiii.  It 
iiiii;l"ii,  in  i75.'i,  (uutw  upur 
;lit-   rivir  on  u  mft,  wiicii  it 

I  llic  rinlit  Iiaiik  of  tln'  Allo- 
i.H  city  i^  s:rii;tly  a  [liUt  of 
(;or|)i)rLitio:i,      Miiiiy  of  tlin 

Tc',    ill    ur.llT    to    *'^C;l|M!    tlio 

r  ovrr  tln'  "  Iriiii  Cily."    Jl 

II  |:irji"  iiMiiiificliiriii;^  liiiti- 
."»'l!),!)i)().  Tin'  city  coiil:iiiii' 
iMtitioii!*,    '.iircu   ucaJuiiiics, 

■  of  tlio  rri'iiliytrriaii  Cluircli 
on  a  liill  W'liicli  list's  al)Out 
'lio  Ijiiiloiiif;  i.s  one  Imudrod 
'itii  wings  tliroi'  wlories  liigll. 
viL'W  of  boili  cities,  uh  tlmy 
■rs  wliiuli  wiiiil  tlirou^U  the 
coiiiii'cti'ij  with  it,  u  worli- 
af  G,f)ill)  voliini'.'s. 
rii  IV'niti'nliary,  nil  immense 
iormuu  slyli.'.  Jt  was  coiii- 
;  iioar  1,200  prisoiiors  liuvo 
itceiacut  of  tlio  iuHtitution. 


.if.,  OF  piTTsmno 

IMt*'-il>Mrar,  cnnitiil  of  Alloclinny  coiinlv    rcnnsylvania,  Is 

.it:,  t,.  I  lit  tli.'fiinrl'iim  of  ill"  Allofr'.mny  an.i  .vlo.iongalu'la  rivers. 
Ti,i.  ciiv  i^  iMiiil  upon  a  i.oint.'.l  strip  of  lan.i,  lyin.r  bolwcen  the 

.\l i.nv  mil   MoiionKili.'la  rivers,  in    latif.nle  40^  26    north. 

Mui'ion-Tiiii.le  7!)'  50'  west.     Ahoiit  a  milo  liaek,  rise  Oram  s, 
Av.r's,'iiiiJ  Qiiirrv  lulls.    Tho  cily  is  ripi  lly  exteiiding  lUeif  on 
!.-.  siles  anl  sii:i.:iiits  of  these  l.ill.s,  which  are   high  and  airy. 
Ti.is  city  WIS  l.i  1  out  in  HO.'i,  on  th.  plan  of  Philadelphia,  with 
sireets  riiMiiiii-'  parallel  to  the  river,  and  crossing  each  other  at 
rirUt  ancles     It  is  roinp.ictlv  huilt  with  iino  hrici  houses,  which, 
e;;i,iij  <o  th<  smoky  atmosphere  that  is  constanll y  lloating  about 
tiK'HiV  i.res  'nt  riillier  an  ancient  appearance.      J  le  public  huiUl- 
iiers  are   not   numerous  ;   the  court  lioiHe  on  Grant  s   hill,  is  a 
..■,i:.i,  li.l  h.iillin?,  IC:.  feet  long  and  100  deep,  of  t^recian  Doric 
n'i,U.ture,  anl  cost  *3:)0,00i).     The  huildiiigs  of  the  Westeri, 
r.iivr.-itv  of  I'ennsvlvania,  on  Third,  between, hmilhheld  and 
(;raiit  streets,  were  erected  in  IS.'iO,  and  are  an  ornament  to  the 
eitv  :  the  llouian  Catholic  Cathedral,  on  Grant  s  hill,  is  another 
liii".   biiildin.r.     The  city  contiins,  besides  the   fuiblic  buildiii(TS 
,1, 'iitioned  above,  forty  churches  of  'lill■'^^r«"^'^7'°'""•''''.?"'• '"'^^^^ 
niiirket-hoiises,  a  museum,  live   banks,  capital   over  is.J.OOO.OIXI, 
1,11 1  a  mimber  of  fine  hotels.     Tho  Mononirahela  house,  ,s  one  of 
t!ie  tiuest  buililiiiRs  iu  the  city,  and  is  not  surpassed  by  many  m 
the  West.     It  stands  near  tho  cud  of  the  Monongaliela  bridge, 
„i,„o<ile  tho  regular  steunboat  landing,   and  has  u  front  ol   1-JJ 
1 'et  on  the  river,  and  100  feet  on  Smithfield  street;  it  was  com- 
pl'teil  iu  lf^4l;  is  five  stories  high,  and  cost,  ^vitli  the  ground, 
'ililU.OOO.    There  arc,  also,  insurance  companies,  a  board  of  trado 
who   have  a  reading  room  uud  exchange   for  inercliants,  the 
Monongaliela-Navigalioii  Company,  for  improving  that  river  by 


1^ 


"  '*^f iKS^BS5Sil5^^"^^^^^ " ' 


K„. 


PinSBUKU. 


72 

^.^'liTdlocks  ;  una  about  twelve  !™"«P"'"'j""  ':°'^?""';';i 
reviving  und  nhii.i.ii.K  good*  to  various  poMua  ou  tUo  rivers  and 

""'nlwUurK  iH  the  most  extensive  manufacturing  town  in  tlle^\^.st 
.  Tl  ,  pr  .o^,.ul  urlicles  n.am.factured  are  Ht-amboats.  eng  c  , 
b'  r-iro  ..  i.ailH,  and  plouglm;  gla«s-ware,  cotton  c  otlis,  louthor, 
al  i  siu  l>'ry,  and  a  gfeal  number  or  other  arlicb'S  which  are  nma- 
°  nu;  d  on  a  smaller  scab-.  Tlie  capital  '■"U>loy''^J '"»>'"  ["'""^ 
Manufactories,  is  over  $a,Ol.(),0()0.  There  is  over  f5"0,00"  ^ 
ot-  machinerv,  and  $300,000  of  hardware  and  cutlery,  manufac 

'"•it '  dTy"i" -Sed  with  clear  and  wholesome  water,  which  is 
r.i  'd  f  on  th,  "Alleghany  by  steam  power,  to  a  reservoi  on 
U  nfs  h  110  feel  above  the  river.  The  basin  is  11  leet  deep 
^ndwiU  coi'itain  1.000.000  of  gallons  The  water  i«  -.  -  ; 
through  the  city  in  iron  pipes,  wliich  are  in  all,  over  tweUt 

"'KS'^onnected  with  the  villages  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  Mo   oug:il'ela.   by  a   bridge,  erected  in  IblH,  at  a  co  t  o 
^02^45  "having  eight  arches!  resting  on  stone  I''«r«,  "•  d    .^<^' 
let    11  leniith.     Across  the  Alleghany,  there  are  four  bridges 
beside"    h"  aqueluct  of  the  Pen.isylvauia  canal.     About  a  mile 

■.nokv  street-,  nitd  numerous  noisy  iiiauufuclorK-s,     tiiise,  uuu 
i*o  ,.U."d  »  lirmiug  p...  "(  ".  B"'"  ""'rSir.u.U.S 

^,Ar"s!it  sr;?t"ti;;rK  r;,';r;."rt,,.. 

towns.  ,        .,       f  Pituburg  suffered 


(ii'curri'd 
(ill  t'rMiri 

ll  IIIWS  SI 

■yw-  Ibui 
,i;;llt  h( 
wliich  V 
Tlif  aim 

Tlie 
7,2 IJ*  ; 

llli-llKlil 

» ill  bu 


Till-  cl( 
l.y  till!  t' 
Till?  I'll" 
UfilU'llO 
»  tnulini 
rttnil'tjUi 
Kii^'lfh, 
j.'.iiii''- 
Kroiich 

finl  p'n 

Kiiijliin' 

iT.uiitr} 

Iniiitlri'' 

twelve 

1  iir,  wo 

wetiks, 

Voiit!h' 

tho  an 

ctmrce. 

tlirowi 

drtxl  I 

hanJr 

Hindi 

lal 

ri'tric 

Ftnt'U 

Qiicsn 

uland 

jilacct 

tiou.i 


prtTSBlRtt. 


73 


nsportuiioii  compitiiinsi  for 
s  iioiiiia  oil  the  rivers  uiid 

fucturing  town  in  llieWcst 
uro  Btiuiuboiits,  fiiglne!!, 
arc,  cotton  dotlis,  U'ulhor, 
lier  itrliilcs  wliicli  arc  niuu- 
iliil  employed  in  thn  varioiia 
lere  is  over  $500,000  worth 
are  and  cutlery,  inunufuc- 

wliolesonie  water,  whicli  is 
1  power,  to  a  reservoir  on 
Tlio  biisin  i.s  11  teet  deep, 
I.  Tlie  water  is  coniineleii 
ch  are  in  all,  over  twelve 

ages  on  the  opposito  side  of 
cted  in  IBlH,  at  a  cost  of 
a  on  stone  piers,  and  1 ,500 
inv.  there  are  four  bridges 
viinia  canal.  Abont  a  mile 
e  of  Manchester  ;  while  on 

hill,  is  Sllgo,  with  its  lonj; 
niannfaotories.  These,  ami 
i  vicinity,  may  properly  be 
real  con'unercial  and  inanu- 
Bges  are  probably  surpassed 
I  made  it  Uuly  a  great  place; 
U  jwrlion  of  its  greatness, 
jr  manufactnrinK,  Pittsburg 
tural  and  arliticial,  as  a  com- 

head  of  a  river,  more  than 
lich  opens  at  all  tinieo,  a  sufa 

largest  valley  iu  the  world, 
ucis,—  washed  on  tho  north 
rivers,  which  flow  from  the 
irgest  states  in  the  Union  — 
le  Pennsylvania  canal,  which 
rania,  and  which  does  a  very 
ts  line?  of  completed  railroa('f<, 
,  second  to  but  fev   inland 

e  city  of  PitUburg  suffered 
rous  conflagrutious  that  e^-cr 


;;:;.,.,  U.^.  con,>Jry:    Tho  fire  broke  on.^"|;o>;^-o„^^ 

,,,  ,•„„„.  Hhed,  anl  ll.«  "'''■/j'JVru    east  TuV^' '''''''■ '"''^ 

!ic'.;rsEr;;:;:^rr:-.:.nbn;^^;:"lo^..ndi,,^,r..e^ 


.: M.onrs,-des,r,,yin,    al,o>a   one   O.onsand    hous.^ 

i;;:ili:S\^^:'1.i:::^Sit;'iJ  the  city,  the  population 

svillbonoar  lOJ.lHKl. 

,1.  ,,>  Nutcs. 

,„.  .,„  or  ru...a.  oeeap.,  t,.  .He  ■^;;-^::-:^:;:';::^r! 

,,,„„U.uuut  Ward  1,«1 !«-  sea    «.l  .  f""^''  "'^jj;,  ,"„,,,,,, ,,  th.m  he  w.u, 

,,     1,  I,  ..  ...   ■,..rii.iit(Hl  (luioty  to  eviieuftte,   alter  wiiun 
'•'•"".  ■"'"  ''■'  ;  ,H       L    ™    d^-  on  uLme  one  of  th«  .tron,c.t  forli- 
Kroa.-li  coaimcncea  their  fort,  vMlu  m  ,  nnutd.xk  oiuiio  over  fmra 

,.„!  n'n-es  west  of  the  n.ouiituiu*.    lu  l.o5,  Ocn.  BrmWrnK  .lu 
,^ Lut,  with  a  lar«e  re«uh.r  „r,ny,  for  tho  y^^r::^:2:^tZX^ 

,. try.    Tho  whole  foree   ""''-    '' ^^T^lr  "  ft^-t    oLwia«  of 

,,„„area.     lie  arranged  hi«  ara>y  in  two  d.vis  ou^.   tlM  ^^^^ 

t„.,.,ve  hundred  men,  h.  «.»Kn...ded  in  r"-"  >  -  ^^'„^"  '  ^  "  nearly  f-r 
,,,  ,va,  ordered  to  follow  by  .low  n.arehc.  ^"j  ;--;''„„  .^J,,„  „f 
w..k,,  the  advancinK  division  arrived  on  the  Sth  of  July,  J 

Vou..;io«e„y  and  Monongahela  river,.  On  the  morn.ng  f  t«  of  >. 
tb«  arn.y  cro.,,ed  tho  river,  within  ten  mile,  "'  "  "  ;7^\J;"„  Ju,  ,„d 
course,  tboughtlo,,  of  danger,  they  were  sooa  ''""^"J^^'J^,  ^^^y,,  y,^^. 
thrown  into  confu.lon,  hy  the  »»'>-»-.f '''"'^:/.  ';,"^^ti°avin«  thre. 
fl.d  French  .nd  Indian..  I'''"  »-"'<"'^''"i*"f'^^*,';'J^^'th.  field.  &e 
h,mJ«i  and  llfty  private.,  and  twenty-six  offlcor.,  dead  upon 
Ilinddnck'i  Field,  page  6T-  »  iniium  Pitt  determined  to 

,„  ,7.,8,  the  ministry,  nnder  th,  <^-y;i^^^Zj^tn^,^  „my  of 
Btrieve  the  honor  of  the  llrit.sh  arm..    They  J«^°™'"«J  „,  y,„^  !,„ 

,,„.„  thou.,and  men  toward  the  »>''"""« "''»''\'"' '^^  J^",'  '  d" t^rmlned  to 
0„esne.  The  French  commander,  deeming  '-'»'*"«'.»;';•  ^j^^^^,  t,„„g 
„,.naon  the  fort  a,  soon  a.  the  British  «■";»-'-  "^      ,„;,  „„d  manl. 

rj;'rrd^:::t::^r-'::^^';^rc..n.,Ld  departed 


^"^^^f^.i^^VfSS^*^'^'''^'''^ 


74 


KOITE    FROM    I'lTTSBURO    TO    DALTtK'UlK. 


(Inwii  thpOliio  t..j.iii  111-  K'lMvli  tr...ii.<  Oil  till'  '.l>«l»hlp,'i  Til"  K;  ..  >h 
nbi.lU  111.'  ff.rt,  mil  .li;iiiKiM  tin-  iiamv  lo  '•  I'lll,"  i»  1ioi;or  "f  ^\.Uhm  I'll , 
j.rlinc  111  rlslir  of  (jtvai  lliitiiiii 

IMl'ORTANT  PLAfp-.S  ON  TlIK  RnCTn  FROM  PITTS- 

15UU0  TO  UAI.TIMORK.  fs 

C"nint»M'!:m<1i  r.^iU<\  of  AMik'':'")'  <•""»'>■,  >[nryliinil,  Is 
Bllii-it.'il  oil  111"  I'dloiiiiic.  lTf<  iMil.-i  riom  liiilliiMor.',  iiiui  on  Hie 
liulliMiori!  mill  Oliio  rmln.iid.  ll  roiilaiiis  a  (Miirl-lior,r<.-,  iiiiirkn 
6  rluirolwH,  ii  I'lmk.  "'rl  h,.v.'ImI  liol-U.  It  ooi-U|,ii-s  llio  «ltM  ol 
Fori  Ciiiiili-iliii>l,  iiotivl  ill  111...  <sirly  history  of  tliiit  sfction  ol 
coiiiilrv  'i'lic  iiioiiiil:i'm  iir.Mirry  i"  I^kmhIiIiiI.  mid  lll•ll.^  ol  cy'i  I- 
U,iil  coal  nl.oimil  in  Hie  Kurrouni.iiii;  liilU  uiul  inountaiiis.     1  oii- 

uliilioii,  7,5!1(1.  T..     .   .     1      1  ll 

Elan>cr'«  Forry,  J'ffTr'nii  coimlv,  \  irpinla,  i»  pli-asanlly 
Mill  lU'.'-'in.  Iho  I'oUiiiiac,  at  llic  nioiilli  of  III.-  Slirimii  loali  rivir. 
Tills  flonri.iliiMg  towuslauas  la  tli-  valloy  of  tli.>  Potoinac,  wIut. 
tliatsln-an.  br-uks  ils  way  llirnn;rli  the  olty  piii.iacieH  of  H  iio 
Rir'L'o,  which  ris.e  tvv.lvc  lininlr.-.l  f.-et  ubov«  tin-  siirl^acf  of  tlio 
riv.-r,  wlioso  waters  ailing  through  untold  centurio-s  Imvo  worn 
a  wide  and  di-op  channel.  ,,,     ,  .  ,         .  ■ 

Harper's  Kerry  U  xixty  miles  ul-ovc  U  a^liinclon,  and  contuins 
"-,  stores,  'J  cotton  factories,  siliialed  on  llie  islaiiil  ol  \  irginuis, 
formed  hv  the  Sheiiandoali,  1  foundry,  a  United  Stales  Armory 
ujid  National  Arsenal,  7  churclii-s,  a  feiiial,.  s.-minar_v,  niid  Ma- 
Boiiic,  O.ld-lellows,  and  t^ons  of  Tei,.|.erance  Halls  » '"^  C  j'';;-'- 
pcal<e  and  Ohio  Canal  pa^srs  along  Hie  oppoMte  side  of  tlie  1  oto- 
iiac.  and  the  naltiniore  and  Ohio  Itailroail  runs  oirectly  Ihronph 
the  town.  There  is  a  line  lai.lge  over  the  Potomac,  of  about 
800  feet  in  leiiglh.     Population,  including  the  suburbs,  is  ucar 

The' National  Armory  and  Arsenal  at  Harper's  Ferry,  arc  tlio 
most  extensive  eatabiisiimei.ls  of  tlio  kind  in  thoLiiion.  Ilie 
lower  Armory  stands  on  the  niargiii  of  the  river,  h  ittlc  above 
tlie  bridge.  It  consists  of  about  fifteen  ditlereiit  bnildingn  two 
stories  high,  among  wliicU  the  various  [arts  of  the  business  of 
■  innnlacturing  lire-arms  are  divided.  Tlio  rifles  aro  all  made  at 
ihe  upper  Armory,  wh  ch  stands  on  IlalFB  Island,  about  three- 
nuarters  of  a  mile  up  Hie  Shenandoah.  They  turn  out  l,M 
m-r  month,  or  18,()00  per  annum.  After  these  guns  are  fiiiisbod, 
they  are  taken  to  the  Ar.senal,  which  consists  of  two  arger  buUd- 
inirs,  situated  on  Slienandoah  street,  near  the  river.  1  he  Arsenal 
eroiinds  are  beautifully  ornamented  with  trees,  shrubbery,  and 
flowers,  and  present  a  very  neat  and  tasteful  appetranw. 


'Sin 

ill,-  uni 
iito-^t  o 
.Mis^ssl 
fc.iatlier 
lliiii  a 
la  secu 
white  I 
llicse  ll 
Iiicllaii. 
r\t.-iid 
pr.-ut  t 
loag  si 
boat,  0 
wuli-rs, 
ii.d  tlir 

It   is    IK 

riidi  v; 

m 

Villag- 

si'ltlen 
Soei>-t 
are  ni 

lllClltl' 
llllll,  V 

waiitri 
trious 

*  (ill 


TO    DAI.TtV'iIlK. 

n!i  till'  'i;»i.(-hip,'i.     'I'll"  K;  A   hh 
rill,"  ill  liouor  "f  Willi im  I'll,  | 

;  Rol'Ti:  FROM  PlTTrf- 
I'lMORi;. 

(;h;iiiv  coMiity,  >[nryl'iiiil,  I'  1 
liiiiii   liillinior'',  iiiui  on  tlic 
taiii3  u  cmirt-lioiiHi',  iiiiirkrt, 

.'U.       It    0<Tll|)il'S  llio  sill'  of 

ly  history  of  tliiit  sfctioii  of 
Li'Miilil'iil.  mid  IiimU  of  cM'i  I- 
;  liillx  uml  iiiountuiiis.     I'lip- 

niiilv,  Virgiiilii,  U  iili-iisiinlly 
till  of  llic-  Slii'iiaii  lotili  rivir. 
,-:illi'y  of  tlic  I'otomnc,  where 
till!  lolly  piiiiiucifH  of  Hluo 
fi-L't  iibovi^  till"  surface  of  tlio 
iiiitolil  centiiriosi,  Imvo  worn 

vc  Wii-liiiic'o". '""'  contuina 
I  oil  tlic  ishiiiil  of  Virgiiiiim, 
ry,  a  L'nitiil  SIiiIoh"  Armory 
ii'fi'iii;ili^  Ki-iiiiiiiivy,  and  Mu- 
lllliTilDC'  Halls.  'I'll.-- CIlCM- 
tlio  opposite  s-iile  of  tin-  Polo- 
iiilroiiil  runs  (iircrtly  lliroiiph 
oviT  I  III'  rotciiiiie,  of  uboiit 
cliiiiing  llio  siilnirl.s,  is  uear 

lal  at  Iliirpc-r's  Ferry,  aro  tho 
ho  kiiul  ill  tliu  Union.  Tlie 
itiii  of  tlio  river,  a  little  above 
fkcn  ditlerciit  buildings  two 
ioU3  [urts  of  tho  bu»iiie»s  of 
d.  Tho  rifles  aro  all  made  at 
n  HiiU'B  Island,  about  three- 
idoali.  They  turn  out  1,500 
After  these  guns  are  finished, 
:h  consists  of  two  larger  build- 
,  near  the  river.  The  Arsenal 
ed  with  trees,  shrubbery,  and 
id  tasteful  appctranoa. 


nOlTK   OF    TIIR   onto    RtVER. 


75 


HOUTE  or  THE  OHIO. 


'MlC  Olli«».  ns  we  linvc  h'-hr^  seen,  is  for^iie  1  at  Plttsbur?  hy 
,l„.  u„i„„  of  two  rivers.     This  riv,  r  nul  iH  trilml.nes  .ir.iiu 
0.     of   U.e   terrilnry   between    tlio    Alle,;iu.y   -'""Wi-  ai.d 
li.,l..il.pi    river,   an.l    Is   the    great   tlmroa-Ulare   be  Wei.    the 
:     lleVn  and  reiiird  portions  of  the  Union.     Hat  a  htUe  inoro 
;     ,  a  half  a  eentnrv  Ins  passed  away,  since  ll.e  Inlian  pad.,  e,l 
se  u  ily   l.i^  imlit.-Mio'    down    its  jrenlle  current       lint  the 
■Vile  man.  lookin-  Iron,  tlie  snn.n.its  of   the   Allej;bany.  saw 
,      ;  ir,  ,ll ess  plaiiis  of  the  West,  and  .i.l.ed  for  .lie  tale  0.   .he 
mliau.     For  so'.u  h"  knew,  that  the  arms  ol  c.vd./.al.on  wonld 
themselves  aeross  the  coiitino.it.  and  lie  lo^'..tlier  (ho  two 
la    oceans  thai  encircle  it.     The   In  dan  and   ''Vl,;^-;'"'     ':'^ 
\Lr  Since  KO..C  .0  the  region  of  the  seUins  snn.      1  he  heant 
1,0.7  orn.n.ented  by  American  art,  now  rides  in  peace    is  qn.et 
alers.    The  busy  work-shop,  and  fertile  nel,l,pour  into  ..s  chau- 
,  l.ir  1  St  and  richest  frnils.    Tims,  insleal  ol  a  -l-"  '<"l'<'''-;. 
It  is  now  a  river  of  life  and  motion,  p.uiriu;;  the  wealth  ol  IhU 
rieh  valley  Into  the  great  sonlliiTii  markets. 

■•liliaU'lOWII,  Alb'Khaiiv  comity,  IVniisylvaiiiu,  is  a  small 
vilia^..  situated  on  the  Ohio,  IJ  n.iles  below  I'i.tsbnrt;. 

iU-onottiy.  Ileavcr  couMly.  IVnnsylvani a,  is  a  (...naai. 
.HI  lem  Ml,  1- n  lies  below  PittslmrK,  belo,min«  to  I  he  11  irniony 
S  llv*  'rhe  H.reets  of  Iheviilage  are  broad,  and  the  bouses 
^re  mostly  frame  and  brick  ;  each  house  lias  a  "'-.f^;;;';";  "^j^"; 
,a,.„led  W'ith  shade  trees,  and  bowers  of  vines.  1  nere  s  a  l,.rp 
;  w  1  cr  ■  the  people  meet  and  hold  their  public  festivities  he 
wantrof  all  cuLei  are  amply  provided  for,  and  all  seem  luJus. 
Irious  and  conleutca.     Population,  »00. ^ 


»(i.«rn.i  KHmi.thc  founder  of  tlii"  HO<ioty,  emi-rat.-,!  to  tliis  .oantry,  la 
lva;i,  from  Wirtciubur!;,  "»  a.TO»ut  of  n^li^ious  ,,er..rut,.,i,s.  lie  '■'•»H""- 
elm«t^  a  tniet  of  laa.l  in  Uutl.r  rouiity;  l.ut  .,fler»au>ls  moved  to  ll.e  W  ul.«.li: 
bu  the  din.ato  lint  iKMUg  h.  altliy,  lio  rc-tuned  to  I'enn-ylvaiiis.  in  Is:.',,  nnd 
„„Kl..  K  luriro  parelmse  in  Ue»vcr  canity.  He  »■-.«  bnilt  lb.'  town  of  Kcon- 
cmy.  wliioh  now  ooi.luin«  -.loO  lious.-.. :  amon-  lh.>..  nro  «.  clioreli,  ft  public 
l,.,l'l   ft  Inr-o  woiileii  ftiid  enttou  fftotory.  mid  ft  ifiviTe  nuuiLer  of  w,.rk-slioi.«. 

The  ndnuitiiires  iluimed  for  tie-?..,  «nd  Miuilur  «sM..-i.li.)ns,  are  ft  nioru 
Pnuftl  distril.ution  of  IftUir  ftiid  eaidtftl.  As  tl.iuKS  now  osist  iu  soeiety,  tlie 
►w.at  of  the  mc-chauic  fills  tl.o  coffers  of  tho  rkh,  tbo  labor  of  the  poor  buil.K 


j^jigf<wa^&'yi^<3Baw>*g»'-'>''''^*'s-'-  ""W-'"^-  ■' 


■'-'^■s'aMesBSfts-j! 


70 


KOl'TK    OF   TlIK   OHIO    BtVKB. 


Freedom.  Heavi-r  county,  PoiiiiHylvaiii  i,  Is  n  mimll  iniiiiu- 
fiu'liiriiisr  town,  1,1,-iisiiutly  HiHinli-d  nu  llic  Ohio.  MrsNr».  l-liilli|n 
mill  (Iriilmm  ruiiuin'iic.Ml 'imlldinu  uslii|-yar(l  licrr,  in  ls:i:i,  siuco 
wliirli  timr,  Hi'VtTal  lar(r"  nmiiiUicloricrt  havo  m>riiiiK  i\\>  in  and 
ntmiit  111.'  town.  IWiiic  hiiill  on  ii  (j-'Mlly  Klopinif  hill,  it  prenouU 
a  lino  vi.-w,  when  »cc>n  Iroiii  the  rivi;r.     roiinlutioii,  5t)U. 

U<':iV<>r  Hlvor  i.t  foniU'J  by  the  liiiloii  of  tlio  MuhoiiliiK 
niul  Sh.-nango  rivirs;  the  foriinT  rUos  in  Ohio,  ami  llio  lultcr  in 
Pfiumylvaiiiu.  'I'lio  Mialii  rivi-r  lias  a  coiir-io  of  only  about  twrnly 
niilcH.  The  Htale  aulhoritioH  liuve  crt'ctcd  ilanis  in  Hcvcral  placn 
on  the  riviT,  for  the  piirposn  of  rcndiTing  a  gr.'utiT  amount  of 
water  power  for  niannfactturliij;  purpows.  It  U  estiiiiiited  tli-it 
there  I:)  water  power  Hiiiricieiit  to  propel  several  hundred  niilla. 

Bcitvcr,  county  Heat  of  Ueuver  county,  Pennaylvaiiiii,  la 
8ituated  on  the  Ohio,  just  btdow  the  mouth  of  B.aver  river.  It  is 
built  principally  on  a  Iouk  street,  runnin(;  panillel  to  the  Ohio, 
uhont  forty  rods  from  the  bunk  of  the  river.  There  is  a  shoal  la 
front  of  the  town,  whieli  jjreatly  obstructs  tin;  landing.  Tim 
court-house,  jail,  and  three  churches,  all  stand  in  an  open  wiuare, 
through  which  run.s  the  main  street.  Tliere  are  several  large 
factories  an<l  uiilU  in  operation  about  the  town.  The  water 
power  adbrded  by  Heaver  river,  U  very  great,  since  the  buililing 
of  the  state  dams.  The  water  falls  about  si.\ly-liine  feet,  in  five 
miles.  A  branch  of  the  I'ennsylvania  Canal  extends  to  the  heail 
of  slack-water  navigation  on  the  Sheiiaiigo  river,  and  u  bruuca  of 
Iho  Ohio  Canal  extends  to  Akron,  Summit  county,  Oliio.  The 
Cleveland  and  Pittsburg  Railroad  passes  throngli  here  also. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Beaver,  there  are  several  thriving  villagi'i", 
among  which  i.s  Brighton,  a  promising  village,  on  the  west  side 
of  Beaver  river,  four  miles  from  Its  mouth.     A  fine  bridge,  GOO 
feet  long,  connects  it  with  New  nRionTov,  which  Is  situated  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river,  opposite  the  Lower  Falls.     This  is  also 
connected  by  a  bridge  with  1"  ali.sto.n,  which  is  noted  for  its  man- 
ufactories of  plows,  carpels,  engines,  oil,  &c.     The  other  vlUagea 
are  Sharon,  BRiDGEWATt:B,and  Kochestf.r— all  thrlvUifr  towns  on 
tho  palaces  of  tlio  great.    That  llieru  are  evils  in  society,  no  one  doubla;  but 
tlie  great  mass  of  those  who  pritcnU  to  Iw  reformers,  arc  nothiug  but  grum- 
blers—speculative philosophers,  who  tallc  much  and  thinlt  but  little.    Tlie 
plans  of  association,  formeil  in  dilTerent  countries,  at  different  times,  havo  ail 
failed  to  accomi)li8h  the  great  end  of  their  founders  — the  liappineas  of  man- 
kind,   These  associations,  in  a  pecuniary  point  of  yicw,  have  done  oven  las 
tit  their  memUri,  than  tlie  ludustrious,  enterprising,  and  economical  mechanic 
or  farmer  can  accomplish,  under  similar  cuwumstaucea,  in  any  comer  of  U« 
civilized  world.  .         j 


O    RtVER. 

lylviiiii  I,  id  It  KMiiill  inniiu- 
llio  Ohio.  .MrsNr».  I"liilli|ifl 
i|'-_viiril  licrr,  ill  ls:i^,  siiico 
I'rt'hiivo  R|)riing  u\t  in  uiij 
lly  KlDpiii^  hill,  it  presoiiU 

Vopiilulioii,  500. 
10  iiiiiiiii  of  tlio  MulioiiiiiK 

ill  Oliii).  mill  tlio  lutter  In 
our-it'  of  only  uljout  twriity 
cUul  tluiiis  ill  Hcvcrul  pliicfn 
•riiijj  u  gri'uUT  amount  of 
iwcs.  ll  lit  eMtiinattfd  l\y\l 
el  Heveral  hiiiiiired  iiiIIId. 

comity,  Pi'iiiiaylviiiiia,  ia 
loulli  of  B.avor  river.  It  is 
iiiiiii);  p;inillt'l  to  tliii  OIiId, 
<  river.  'riuTf  is  u  slioal  iii 
:)slriir,t.s  tlio  laiiiliiig.  'I'liii 
all  htaiid  in  ail  opoii  ii(]iiiiri!, 
Tlii'rH  aro  soveral  larjje 
lut  llie  town.  The  wuti:r 
ry  Ri'i'at,  sliico  tile  building 
bout  sixly-iiinu  fti;t,  in  five 
a  Canal  I'XtiMids  to  the  lioail 
laiiifo  river,  and  u  bruiica  of 
niniiiit  comity,  Oliio.  Tlie 
ses  tlirougli  licri'  also, 
re  several  thriving  villagi'!", 
ng  village,  on  the  west  slilo 
nioiith.  A  fine  bridge,  COO 
IHTOV,  which  la  situated  on 
0  Lower  Falls.  This  ia  also 
,  which  is  noted  for  its  man- 
oil,  &c.  The  other  villages 
ESTKR — all  thrivinr  towns  on 

lis  in  society,  no  one  doulita;  but 
:i!fonncr«,  arc  nothiuK  tut  gram- 
much  and  tbinli  but  little.  Tli« 
intries,  at  dUTumnt  tluiea,  haTu  ail 
founders  — the  liappiness  of  man- 
point  of  tIcw,  have  dono  oven  lot 
rprising,  and  economical  me^-hanic 
rcuiustaucefi,  in  any  comer  of  t^« 


BOPTR  or  TUB  OlltO  RIVER. 


77 


|;,.iver  river,  within  n  short  distance  of  each  other.  Pilii,ui>iJ- 
■ntd  is  on  the  Olii'),  ..[.posite  tlie  mouth  of  H'aver  river.  It 
,„ntaiii*  n  large  ship  vard,  and  nboiit  400  inhaldtauti.  1  ho 
roiiddued  popnhitioii  »(  Iheso  villages  l.s  near  ID.OOO. 

<»«'OrB«'IOWII.  Heaver  county,  rciinsylvanlu,  is  n  small 
villiM'e,  situated  on  the  Ohio,  forty-four  miles  below  riltsburi;.  It 
i.  oih-  iiiilo  from  the  Ohio  state  line,  and  contains  a  population 

4i!lll*«{(OtV,  Columhiann  county,  Ohio,  Is  located  on  the  Ohio 
river,  opposite  Ceorgetowii.  This  place  has  but  recently  been 
hi  I  out  !  n  niiinher  of  buildings  have  been  erected,  and  It  has  u 
j.ro.peel  of  becoming  a  tliriving  town. 

Livorpuol,  Columbiana  county,  Ohio,  is  situated  on  the 
Ohio  river,  four  miles  below  (ieorgetown  It  has  fiv_e.  schools, 
iiiiii  si'veral  eartheii-waru  manufactories.     Population,  70(». 

\V«*ll«4Vill«>,  Colunihiaim  county,  Ohio,  is  four  miles  below 
Liverpool,  at  the  month  of  Yellow  creek.  This  place  has  an 
exeilb  lit  landing,  and  i.s  surrounded  hy  n  rich  country.  It  was 
Id  1  out  in  IS'Jl,  byWilliam  Wells,  from  whom  it  derives  Its  name. 
The  business  of  tli«  town  is  rapidly  increasing;  and  now  thai 
a  find  railroad  to  Cleveland  is  completed,  It  will  soon  become  » 
lirire  und  Important  place.  The  town  contains  several  churches, 
iidUs,  machine  sliops,  and  stores.     Population,  1,'JOO. 

.\bout  two  miles  below  Wellsville,  is  the  place  when-  Logan, 
the  wliito  man's  friend,  mourned  the  loss  of  his  murdered  family.* 

Note.t 

It  was  near  thin  pln-e,  where  the  celebrated  flght  Iwtwcen  Poo  and  the 
Wyimdotto  chief,  iiotisl  for  his  size  and  stren|?tb,  Is  said  to  have  ociurrcsl.  A 
ILirly  of  eixht  men,  amon;;  whom  were  Adam  and  Andrew  Poe,  set  out  in  pur- 
Kiit  of  some  Indians  who  had  been  committing  murders  in  the  neighborhood, 
(la  the  following  morning,  they  came  upon  an  Indian  trail.  To  avoid  an 
ambuscade,  Andrew  left  the  party,  and  crept  along  the  bonk  of  the  rlvor. 
He  had  not  gone  far,  tiefore  he  dlsiwcred  Indian  rafts  fastened  at  the  foot  of 
the  banks.  Not  seeing  any  one,  ho  passed  softly  down  the  bank,  and  soon 
ais-oTcred  the  giant  chief  and  a  small  Indian,  standing  with  tbeir  guns 
cocked,  looking  In  the  direction  of  the  remainder  of  the  party,  who  by  tbis 
time  had  passed  some  distance  down  the  river.  Poc  took  deliberate  aim  at 
the  chief;  and,  had  it  not  been  that  his  rifle  missed  fire,  thli-  would  have  been 
the  Indian's  last.  The  snapping  of  the  gun  arrested  the  atU-ntlon  of  the 
Indians:  but  Poe  without  a  moment's  hesitation  dropped  his  gun,  and  sprung 
upon  them  so  suddenly,  that  he  soon  Buccccded  in  bringing  them  to  the 


*  See  SilUman's  Journal  for  1836.       t  Sec  Doddridge's  Notes. 


ea!S*»«^s?5fas«f*w=i':'^«5« 


7fi 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO    RIVER. 


i 


Rrnu.,,1.  Th.y  Tory  soon,  how.ver,  cxtHrnt,,!  t!>..m...Iv<-s.  The  ItMian  ran 
to  tl,..  rafl  an,"l  ;.'ot  l,i.  lnm,ilKv«k,  to  .lispid.!.  his  ,«!L-r,v.v,l  oivmy,  wl.il,.  tli, 
chl.'f  .u..-«.-.l  him  cl.,...-ly  In  his  ,..-.ns.  I'n>.  w„l.-h.-.'.  hi.  ,„n^o:m.Mt...  nn,l  wl,.,, 
ho  WIS  ,.l«.ut  t.  ,l.':.l  tl„.  fital  Mow,  he  pi.ro  hiu.  Muh  a  ."i-vi-r,.  ku-k.  th«  h<- 
knacU.-l  th.-  u.„K.lu,«k  fron.  his  h.u.h  Tho  siv;,,-,.  „,.pr,m.  h<:\  a  MTon.l  thn. 
u.or,.  ™ntion:'y,hMlw.s  „,-.!„  ,lis,T,.oinl<.<!;  l".-  ..y  tl^ro^in.^  np  his  ,.rn, 
vvanl,.,!  olT  th.  hh,w,  m.d  hy  u  vi..!,.nt  utfu-l  ,.Mri,Mt..l  hhns.lf  f.'nn.  the 
cru«i,  of  the  <:hi.f.  sn..i,-h.d  one  of  th.ir  guns,  a,..l  shot  Ih.  -laiau  throuK,, 
th..  hoart,  a»  h«  oam..  nuinins?  tlu,  thhM  ti.no  to  tou.iihawk  him.  The  t«o 
woru  n,.^e  loft  ulono;  an,l  owini!  to  the  sliM-ory  stale  of  Uio  hanks,  they  son,, 
fonnd  thonioolves  i„  the  riyer,  .■aeh  enaeavorin-  to  drown  the  other.  Th,j 
were  finally  carried  so  far  out  into  the  current,  that  they  were  co^  ••...I'-.^d  to 
Bwim  fer  n.utual  saf.ty.  They  directed  their  course  towanl  the  shore,  ».  end 
the  contest  1>Y  arn.s.  Poe,  seeing  that  the  Indian  was  ,-au,inK  on  hun,  deler- 
n.iued  to  ren.aiu  in  the  «ater,  a.el  escape  heins  shot  l.y  diving-.  liy  the  tun.' 
the  chief  rea.hed  tl,e  shore,  Adam  I'oe  emu,  up  r.olh  their  guns  w.r. 
rmp.y,  ami  whoever  h.a.led  first  would  1^^  the  victor.  I'oe  8UC,H.edc,  m 
loading  first,  aud  he  shot  the  Indian  ju.st  a.s  '  ,  w.u5  in  the  act  ot  elevath.s 

'"  StClll»CUVille,  coiintv  8o;it  of  .TellVrso:!   -nuntV;  Oliio,  U 
Bit.iuted  on  tlu.  ( I'.iio,  nineteen  inil.s  helow  Weilsville.     I  l.o  name 
is  (lorivcJ  from  Fori  Steuben,  whirli  w;is  erecle.l  in  l-^.l,  near  the 
I,re.s,.nt  site  of  tin;  I'Vniule  Seminary.     Tl.is  lort  was  jr;irrisone,l 
bv   U.  S.   infantry,  but  i.t  llie  lime  of  Wayne  s  victory,  it  w^is 
uban,lone.l.     SlenbonviMe  was  lai.l  out  in  1  .'U.S  and   >ncori.«r.teJ 
in  1M)5.     The  to'.va  Blamls  npon  an  elevate.l  plMn,  in  the  nii.isl 
of  beantifnl  sceinTy.     Tl.c  snrrouii  incr  connlry  is  ricli,  niul  p.u- 
(Inces  wlioat  in  gr,  at  abun.tam-e.     Ti.ere  are  u  larp  ""■"''.'•^  "f 
Btores,  several  clmrcl.es,  a  baiiU,  woolen,  (riass,  and  co  Ion  laflo. 
rie.s,  und  nnmerons  inacbine  sliops,  in  ibis  i-lace.      1  lioro  are  a 
number  of   public  unci  select  «clu;jW--a  nmlo  acaJeniy,  and  a 
femulo  sMninsry.     The  Bcn.in-.Vvr^.ands  on   llish  street,  on  an 
en.iM..nce  that  comnmnds  ".  fl.io  view  of  Un-  town.     1   was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  S40,000,  aai  employs  1-2  teachers.  ""^  ««•"'»  ;.^»» 
150  pupils,  who  msiiit  be  over  twelve  years  ol  age.     This  institu- 
tion is  in  a  flourishing  conJilion,  and  1ms  u  wide  spread  reputation. 
The  SleuhenviUo  and  Indiana  Railroad,  rnnntngr  west,  vto  Co- 
Bhocton,  to  Newark,  O.,  and  the  ^^teubcnville  &  Pittsburg,  aioad 
rui.niiiK  east  to  this  latter  place,  are  now  in  active  progress,  thus 
torinii.K  u  direct  western  connection  with  the  Pennsylvania  Cen- 
tral Ro:.<i,  leading  to  Cincinnati  as  well  as  Centra   Indiaim. 

Welisblll-K.  capital  of  lirooke  county.  N  ir^inia,  IS  situaled 
on  the  Ohio,  twentv-lwo  miles  above  Wheeling.  It  was  hud  out 
In  17b9,  by  CharlesVrulhcr,  aud  received  the  name  ol  tharlehton, 


whieii  wai 
il,i-  \V'ellfl 
(Ihio.  T 
which  is  1 
.AeoaL  50 
Drl.-aiis. 

Wcllsbi 
liiree  uur 
kind.  At 
li.m.d  PI 
Washillgl 
t  loqneuct 
tlu'  antln 
clergy  ma 

Bcthai 

Ali'xandi.'r 
■■  tisc'pleii 
IMl  hy  All 
rmall,  and 

War 

seven  mi 

ITIar) 

river,  abi 
stores,  ai 


ted  on 
high  alii 
is  6urro 


ri^lWi.MwjifrjjMit.air*' 


)    RIVER. 


I  tlii'in-i'lvps.  The  XinliriTi  ran 
Ills  p,i!f-f:v'>-'l  fncmy,  «liili>  llio 
i-lii'd  hU  mci\o!iiciit.'>  mill  wln'n 
liiii  siuh  11  yc'viTo  kick,  that  h<- 
ivii^'O  iii'primc  h''il  a  fiTimil  thiin 
;  I'lv  !•)■  Ihrinvlnif  lip  hi.i  ..nil 
t  ("clrii'ut 'il  Jiiuifl'lf  fi'iiii  till! 
i,  aii.l  i-hut  the  'nahiu  tlirmisn 

10  to  tmuahawk  him.  The  two 
■y  stulf  c.f  the  banks,  they  soan 
iii^'  to  ilrnwn  the  otlier.  Thvj 
nt,  thut  they  were  ro,,  •■■fV..:il  U) 
i-iiurse  tiiniiril  the  slioru,  w>  end 

clillll  Wi.s  i^alllili;?  ou  hilll,  llel.T- 

ii:i  .«\ii)l  liy  ilivin^'.  Hy  the  tiuv 
lie  up  r.otli  tlieir  guns  v.-r- 
the  vietor.  I'oe  suceeeUeii  in 
!  5  W115  ill  the  ttct  of  elevating 

JillVrso'.i  "miiily,  Oliio,  13 
low  Wfilsvilli-.     'I'liu  11111111) 

ascrecleil  in  Hs') r  Ih.) 

Tliis  I'ort  wu.-J  tr:»rriKOiieJ 
r  \Viivi!i'"s  virli.iy,  it  wns 

I  ill  IVU:*,  mill  iucdriior.tej 
.■leviitoil  1)1:^11,  ill  tin-  "'i^' 
iijr  coiiiilry  is  ricli,  iiiul  p.u- 
iiM-i.'  lire  u  liir}:e  miiiibiT  uf 
Ion,  ;rl:i^-*i  !'i"l  coll""  li'<-to- 

11  llii.<  jiliice.  Tliori)  are  a 
>H-a  iimltf  iiciiJmiiy,  u'^J  a 
mils  uii  liij;li  strt-et,  on  ;iu. 
ijf  Ihe  town.  It  was  ortcteil 
•2  teachers,  and  H«uull/  has 
yeiirs  of  nge.  This  liislitu- 
las  u  wiile  spreud  reputation, 
road,  running  west,  via  Co- 
ibcnvillc  &  Pittsburg,  a  TOttd 
now  in  active  progress,  thus 
with  t!ie  F.iiusylvuiiiiiCeii- 
■ell  us  Central  Indiana. 

oonnly.Nir^iiiiii,  issitualwl 

II  Wheeling.  It  was  laid  out 
ivcd  the  naniu  of  Cliarli'htou, 


>, , 


ROUTE   OF  THE   OHIO   RIVER. 


79 


wliicii  was  afterward  ciianged  to  Wellsburg,  in  lioiior  of  Alexan- 
,!,.)■  vVells,  who  built  llie  first  flour  warehouse  in  the  state  of 
Oliio.  Tlio  town  is  surrounded  by  hills  that  abound  in  coal, 
tthich  is  furnished  to  liio  inanufuctories  at  a  few  cents  per  bushel, 
..\i.oiil  50,01)0  barrels  of  tbiir,  are  annually  exported  to  New 
i)rl  aiis.     The  present  population  is  near  3,000. 

Wcllsburfr  is  a  tlourishing  place,  and  contains  6  churches,  a 
jiiii'e  number  of  stores,  and  manufactories  and  mills  of  every 
1  iad.  Among  the  noted  men  who  have  lived  here,  may  be  raeu- 
,'i .'d  Philip  Doddridge,  a  member  of   Congress,  who  died  at 

W  ■.Ellington  in  183;.%  and  who  wss  universally  admired  for  his 
,  lonneuce  and  fine  talents.    His  brother,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Doddridge, 

ilie  author  of  the  "  Notes  "  before    refered  to,  was  an  Episcopal 

clergyman  in  this  place. 

Note. 
Bethany,  8  mile«  ea^t  of  Wellsburg,  is  noted  m."  being  the  residence  of 

.Vlpxander  Campben,  the  founder  of  that  religious  denomination,  known  as 

••  tise-pled,"  or  "  Christian  Ilaptist."    The  Bethany  college  was  founded  In 

1341  by  Alexander  Campbell,  and  is  In  a  nourishing  condition.    The  town  is 

riii;iU,  and  contains  but  few  dwellinjfl. 
Warrvnton,  Jefferson  county,  Ohio,  Is  a  small  village, 

seven  miles  below  Wellsburg.     Population,  J50. 
ITIartinsvillc,  Belmont  county,  Ohio,  is  situated  on  the 

river,  about  a  mile  above  Wheeling.     It  contains  3  churches,  .10 

stores,  and  a  population  of  500. 


VIEW   OF  WHEEIilNO. 


WlM^linfft  county  seat  of  Ohio  county,  Virginia,  is  situb- 
led  on  the  Ohio  river,  at  the  mouth  of  Wheeling  creek,  on  « 
high  alluvial  bank,  ninety-five  miles  below  Pittsburg.  This  cttv 
is  surrounded  by  a  range  of  rough,  precipitous  hlllB,  lu  wulch 


d 


-»''imimt.>Jlitwwi;-gCiBSpg^J'*^'^"'-*'*''" 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO    KIVER. 


80 

IirZ;o,ited  vnst  qii^i^s  of  coal.  It  slMidB  on  the  site  of 
Fort  Hcnrv,  ami  w?m  first  Ud  out  in  179:?,  an.l  now  ox  ends  near 
two  ,  il^  Hloi.K  tli«  rivor,  and  i.  the  ...ost  i.nport;.n  town  ,i 
Ivrst  rn  vTruini.  Wheeling  creok  divides  the  city  in  two  part, 
wlic.  are  connected  by  a  tine  stone  bridRe.  The  c.ty  .s  snppM 
with  vX.  raised  fron/lhe  Ohio.  Opposite  the  c.ty,  ...the  Olno, 
,  ZaK's  8  an<l,  so  nan.ed  in  honor  of  Col.  Ebe..ezer  Zane,  o..e 
o'-  7irii?st  settlors;  which  contains  350  acres  a  large  portu...  of 
which  is  aid  out  i.  lots,  and  connected  with  tho  c.ty  by  a  br.dge 
over  whici.  the  national  road  passes.     This  place  has  received  the 

"The"S«tRoad!  which  was  built  by  order  of  Congre»  and 

aft  wards  dedicated  to  the  states  V' ^^^'l;'* 'V'rt' Louis  SJ 
desiEned  to  extend  from  Washington  C.ty  to  St.  Louis,  pass* 
through  Wheeling,  and  brings  it  in  comn.un.cat.on  with  80...e  of 
tlie  richest  portions  of  Ohio  and  Virginia. 

T  e  maimfactories  of  Wheeling  aro  on  a  largo  scale.  The  e 
are  now  in  operation  4  founderies,  4  engine  factories,  1  nail  fac- 
toy  which  tnr.is  out  1,200  kegs  of  nails  per  w-^.  8  house  f 
the  manufacture  of  glass,  4  cotton  and  woolei  factories^  2^ 
tnilU  1  steel  and  spring  factory,  1  silk  factory.  3  manulacioms 
^f  copp:r:s  white  LJ.Uocl  le'ad,  together  with  a  Uirge  nv^ber 
of  .nllsof  various  ki.ids  in  the  city  and  V'C»"ly-  I^e  b"«'"^» 
in  the  above  branches  during  the  last  year,  ^n'°"V^^<\'°f  ?'•  ^f  2 
Tho  commerce  of  Wheeling  is  also  extensive  ;  '  >>«  "S  ' 
eencral  depot  for  goods  which  arrive  by  way  of  the  natioim 
S,'n.l  which  are  shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  West,  along  he. 
numerous  canals,  railroads,  a.id  rivers.  j„„„.„i„„ 

The  city  contains  14  churches  of  various  religious  deiiomm- 
tions.  a   large   number  of  stores,  commission    and  forward i.g 
ous^srand  I  public  schools,  employing  19  teachers  ,  one  fen.Bl 
seminary  of  109  pupils,  a  male  seminary  with  93  pupils,  and  ( 

''"The  following  is  a  list  of  the  charcered  institutions  of  the  city, 

and  their  respective  capitals  : 

Merchants'  &  Mechanics' Bank,  chartered  1835,  capital  $540,000 


North  Western  Bank  of  Virginia, 
Wheeling  Savings  Institution,  ' 

Fire  &  Jtlarine  Ins.  Co.  of  Wheeling,  ' 
Wheeling  and  Belmont  Bridge  Co.,       ' 
Wheeling  Gas  Company, 
Wheeling  Hotel  Co...pa;iy, 
Wheeling,  West  Liberty  and  Bethany 

Turnpike  Company, 
Wheeling  Female  Seminary, 


1819, 
1834, 
1832, 
1847, 
1849, 
1849, 

1847, 

1B48, 


792,000 

IS,!-.^ 

100,000 

200,000 

50,000 

40,000 

35,000 
18,000  I 


^  — . — 


»   RIVER. 


It  BlMids  on  the  site  of 
179:?,  Biiil  now  extends  near 
le  most  import!Uit  town  in  j 
liviiles  the  city  in  two  parts, 

iridK"-  'I''"'  '^''y  '"  ""PI''''"'' 
)posite  the  city,  i"  tlie  Ohio, 
of  Col.  Ebenezcr  Zane,  oiw 
150  acres,  u  lurge  portion  of 
ed  with  tho  city  by  a  bridge  1 
This  place  has  received  tlio 

lit  by  order  of  Congress,  and  1 
I  which  it  lies,  and  which  it 
on  City  lo  St.  Louis,  passei 
omniunicution  with  some  of 
ijiuia. 

iiro  on  a  largo  scale.  There 
,  engine  factories,  1  nail  fac- 
nails  per  week,  8  houses  for 
nd  woolen  factories,  2  paper 
silk  factory.  3  manufactories 
ogether  with  a  large  number 
und  vicinity.  Tlie  business 
year,  amounted  to  $3,365,000. 
also  extensive  ;  it  being  the 
rive  by  way  of  the  national 
parts  of  the  West,  along  hei 

rs. 

;  various  religious  denomina- 
commission    and  forwarding  ] 
ying  19  teachers  ;  one  female 
minary  with  93  pupils,  and  7 

riered  institutions  of  the  city, 
lartcred  1835,  capital  $540,000 


ig. 


»ny 


1819, 
1834, 
1832, 

1847, 
1849, 
1849, 

1847, 

1848, 


792,000 

15,!')40 

100,000 

200,000 

50,000 

40,000 

35,000 
18,000 


BOHTK  OF  THE  OHIO   KlVBR. 


81 


Wheeling  Lyceum.  charterea    n.  .    ca,,ua.  ,-^ 

Washington  Hall  Association,  ^^         |  J.         ,.         l^^^' 

Western  Insurance  Company,  ^^       |^^  <         „  g^ 

Wliciling  Hospital,  *'^>'"' 

Tlesides  these,  it  has  a  handsome  court-house,  jail  and  county 
onK  4  newspier  ofTics,  2  daily.  1  weekly,  1  -nonthly  and  1 
c  i-rnonth  ™  ^  There  is  also  a  telegraph  office,  connectrng  with 
a     he  principal  cities  east  and  west ;  a  theater.  ";»«?"'«,J'^'''g*^^=: 

low  water  mark,  is  21  feet  wide,  and  is  supported  by  1-  wire 

cublereach  1:80  feet  long,  and  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  each 

iai'iS  strands  of  No^O  wire      There  is  a  carmg^  -X    ^ 

17  feet,  and  two  foot-paths,  each  JJ  feet  « ide.      1  he  towers  on 

he  Wheeling  side  are  153J  feet  above  low  water  ^''^1'.  ^'xl  TO 

eet  above  the  abutment  on  which  it  stands  ;  on  the  other  side 

hey  are  21  feet  lower.     This  stupendous  «tructure  was  built  by 

acompany  of  capitalists,  who  obtained  a  charter  m  1847.     Aa 

effor"has  been  made  to  have  the  bridge  removed,  upon  the  p  ea 

that  t  is  an  obstruction  to  navigation.     The  supreme  court  decid- 

d  U  o  be  such  anJ  ord.red  itl  removal.     Congress,  however,  at 

ts  session  in  1852,  legalized  it  by  converting  H  in U,  a  post  road. 

So  it  will  still  remain  a  monument  of  enterprise  and  art. 

I  tTiis  day  of  Railway  enterprise.  Wheeling  will  not  be  found 
behind  anyJf  her  sister  cities  in  the  way  of  progress  1  he  great 
Ohio  Cental  Road,  with  its  numerous  tributaries-the  Ba  i.nore 
and  Cumberland  Road,  with  numerou.3  short  roads,  and  the 
WheeCHnd  Hempfield  road  connecting  with  the  Pennsylvania 

oado  Philadelphia: now  projected  and  in  course  "^  co"«t/"j'^°"^ 
will  all  center  here,  making  it  the  terminus  of  almost  as  great  a 
Tv  tern  of  railroads  as  it  hai  heretofore  been  of  stage-coach  lines. 
It  waT.  for  a  long  time,  the  point  at  which  a  very  large  m^,orlty 

travelers  froil  the  East,  going  to.Cincinnal.,  L..u.svme  St 
Louis.  &c.,  &.C.,  took  steamboats,  which  leave  da  ly  for  C  'icin 
n^t"  alid  all  point,  on  the  Ohio,  and  Mississippi  rivers,  and  their 

'"Whe^'the  abov.  great  iron  thoroughfares  shall  be  completed  j. 
wiU  become  a  still  |reater  resort  for  travelers,  who  will  hero  d. 
veree  to  the  norti  T  south,  east,  and  west,  via  the  various  roads 
Iprf^ing  through  .ut  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  Missouri,  evQP 


1 


■-JsawSfiMWSsfeW' 


82 


ROUTE   OP   THB   OHIO   RIVER. 


to  the  Purific,  ns  well  as  connecting  with  southern  lines  to  New 
Orleans,  Mobile,  itc 


Wlieelin;;  Crceli,  risos  in  tho  south-western  part  of 
Penusylvunia,  and  eutiTs  the  Ohio  at  Wheeling.  The  mouth  of 
this  stream  (Fort  Iloiiry)  was  tho  theiitur  of  some  of  the  most 
during  exploits  connecteu  with  the  curly  Indian  warfare  of  our 

country. 

Not*. 

Fort  Henry.  Tbc  first  Bottleniont  was  formed  htro  in  1769,  by  thrt 
brothers  of  tlie  nnuio  of  Zane,  together  with  a  email  party  of  emigrants 
Tho  fort,  however,  wna  not  built  till  1T74,  and  was  at  first  called  Flnco.tle; 
but  in  1776,  the  name  was  changed  to  that  of  Henry,  in  honor  of  latritk 
Henry,  the  eloiiuent  and  jiatriotic  Uovernor  of  Virginia.  During  Dunmoro'i 
war  it  was  a  placn  of  refuge  for  settlers. 

In  the  month  of  September,  1777,  tho  fort  was  bcsiegea  by  a  party  of  fire 
hundred  Indians,  led  on  by  tho  notorious  Simon  Oirty,  who  was  then  in  tho 
service  of  tho  British  government.  On  the  evening  of  tho  26th  of  Septem- 
ber, the  settlers  in  the  neighljorhood  of  Fort  Henry  were  surprised  by  the 
smoke  and  flames  proceeding  from  a  block-house,  a  few  miles  down  the  river. 
They  immediately  became  apprehensive  of  the  approach  of  Indians,  and 
hastened  to  seek  shelter  In  tho  fort.  The  garrison  numbered  forty-two  fight- 
ing men,  all  well  enough  supplied  with  guns,  but  powder  was  scarce.  Tho 
night  was  passed  in  quiet;  but  early  in  tlio  morning,  the  alarm  was  given; 
and  a  party  of  CftiM.n  men,  who  were  sent  out  to  dislodge  the  enemy,  were 
decoyed  into  an  ambuscade  and  all  killed  but  three,  who  made  their  escape  by 
concealing  themselves  among  the  logs  and  brushes.  Another  party  of  thirteen 
going  out  to  their  rescue,  shared  a  like  fate.  The  garrison,  now  consisting 
of  but  fourteen  men,  was  called  upon  by  Cirty  to  surrender  in  tho  name  of 
his  Britannic  Majesty.  The  answer  to  this  summons  was  a  rifle  shot,  which 
came  near  closing  forever  the  savage  warfare  of  Girty.  Finding  the  attempts 
at  frightening  of  no  .avail,  they  commenced  tho  work  of  storming  in  good 
earnest.  But  being  without  cannon  or  scaling  ladders,  their  muskete  and 
rifles  made  no  impression  on  tho  walls;  while  their  own  ranks  were  con- 
stantly thinned  l-y  iho  galling  firo  of  those  fourteen  well-airaod  rifles  within 

the  fort. 

Getting  tired  of  tills  mode  of  warfare,  they  procured  a  hollow  maple  tree, 
which,  ny  stopping  up  one  end,  and  boring  atourh-hole,  afforded  a  Bubstitutu 
for  a  cannon,  with  which  they  expected  to  be  able  to  annihilate  the  little  fort. 

Having  loaded  their  extemporaneous  weapon  to  the  rnuezle,  with  stones 
and  pieces  of  iron,  it  was  brought  to  licar  on  tho  gate  of  the  fort.  The 
match  was  appUed,  and  lol  U  blow  Into  ton  thousand  fragments,  kilUng  fivo 


Brid 

county, 
several  s 
The  1 
portaiice 
that  seel 

5on. 
Eliz 

slile,  aiK 
Orave  o 
towufri 
piiper,  I 
liihabita 

Big 

mound, 

and  abo 

atory  oi 

which  < 

Grav 

with  H 

disco  ve 

In  til 

one  as! 

party  o 

that  at 

found  < 

about  i 

"Th 

man  a 

ruthlfif 

the  25l 


;0   RIVER. 


ROUTE   OP    THE   OHIO    RIVER. 


83 


i-ith  southern  Unco  to  New 


llio  south-western  part  of 
Wl)ci?liiig.  The  mouth  of 
loiitur  of  some  of  the  most 
arly  Indian  warfare  of  our 


ji  formed  hero  in  1769,  by  thn. 
th  a  email  party  of  emigrant? 
Id  wiw  at  first  called  FInco.tle ; 
t  of  Ilonry,  in  honor  of  latritk 
of  Virginia.    During  Dunmoro'i 

,  was  hcsieged  Viy  a  party  of  five 
mon  Girty,  who  was  then  in  the 

evening  of  the  26th  of  Septem- 
irt  Henry  were  Burprisi-d  by  the 
3U80,  ft  few  miles  down  the  riycr. 
'  the  approach  of  Indians,  and 
rrison  numbered  forty-two  flght- 
ns,  but  powder  was  soarce.    The 

morning,  the  alarm  was  given; 
out  to  dislodge  the  enemy,  were 
t  three,  who  made  their  escape  by 
■ushes.  Another  party  of  thirteen 
!.  The  garrison,  now  consisting 
irty  to  surrender  in  the  name  of 
summons  was  a  rifle  shot,  which 
e  of  Girty.  Finding  the  attempts 
1  the  work  of  storming  in  good 
iling  ladders,  their  muskets  and 
phile  their  own  ranks  were  con- 
fourteen  well-aimed  rifles  within 

ley  procured  a  hollow  maple  tree, 
a  touch-hole,  afforded  a  Bubstitutu 
le  able  to  annihilate  the  little  fort, 
■apon  to  the  muszle,  with  stones 
ir  on  the  gate  of  the  fort.  The 
1  thouauid  fragments,  killing  five 


Indians,  and  wounding  as  n.any  more.     It  did  no  more  damage  to  the 
mriiMin,  than  a  lattery  of  pou-guns. 

Tl„.v continued  their  incir.ciual  attempts  to  dislodf^the  garrison  until  the 
nnxt  morning;  when  finding  every  effort  unavailing,  they  raised  the  Mege 
.ml  dispersed.  Their  loff<  an.cunt.d  to  nearly  one  hu..dr.Kl  in  killed  and 
wo.md«l.  The  loss  of  the  garrison  was,  twenty-six  killed,  and  five  wounded. 
Tho.«  all  fell  in  the  first  attak  out.'ide  the  fort,  not  a  man  having  l-een 
killed  inside  the  walls,  and  but  one  wounded,  and  ho  very  slightly.  Thus 
emled  this  sangiiinary  eonllict;  .tan.ling  in  history  .is  a  mouument  to  the 
bravery  of  the  early  settlers  of  Wtstcrn  rirRiuia. 

BridSeport,  lies  directly  opposite  Wheeling,  in  Belmont 
county,  Oliio.  It  contains  a  church,  a  saw  and  grist  null,  besides 
several  stores  und  commission  houses.  ,       ,,  ,„ 

The  national  road  passing  through  it,  serves  to  add  some  Im- 
nortance  to  the  village,  as  a  depot  tor  goods  f^i.rwarded  hrough 
Cction  of  country.    The  population  of  Bridgeport  is  about 

5un.  ,,,.., 

FlizabCtlltOWn,  lies  thirteen  miles  below,  on  the  V  irginia 
si,i7  and  is  the  couuty  seat  of  Marshall  county,  Virginia.  Big 
K  ave  creek  empties  into  Ihe  Ohio  at  this  point,  separating  this 
town  from  MonndsviUe.  The  two  contain  several  stores  a  news- 
piipor,  an  academy,  and  a  steam  flour  mill ;  with  about  1,^00 
laliabitants.  ,     t  j. 

«1»  dSrnvp  Creek  derives  its  importance  from  tlie  Indian 
,no^.d,ash  r^fistance  from  the  moutl?.  It  is  70  feet  in  hight. 
mid  about  900  feet  in  circumference  at  the  base.  It  ba^an  observ- 
atory  on  top.  erected  in  the  year  1837,  by  Mr.  A.  B.  TomUnson, 
wliich  can  be  seen  from  the  river.  ,        ,   „      „  u„ 

Grave  Creek  was  settled  in  1770,  by  Joseph  Tomlinson,  who, 
wiU.  a  small  party,  emigrated  from  Maryland.  The  mound  was 
discovered  by  hitn  two  years  afterward.  ,  .        .  , 

Trthe  month  of  September,  1777,  Capt.  Foreman,  and  twenty- 
one  associates,  all  settlers  of  Grave  Cre^k.  were  massacred  by  a 
narty  of  three  hundred  Indians  ;  probably  a  portion  of  the  sanne 
thit  attacked  Fort  Henry.  The  following  inscription  may  be 
found  ^a  monument  erected  to  the  tnen.ory  of  these  brave  men, 
about  four  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  stream  : 

"This  humble  stone  is  erected  to  the  memory  of  Capt.  Fore- 
man  and  twenty-one  of  his  men,  who  were  slain  by  a  band  of 
nTtiiless  savages-the  aUiesj,i  a  cMized  nation  of  Europe-on 
the  25th  of  September,  1777. 

go  sleep  the  brave  who  sink  to  rest,  j.  ^        ,,.w,. 

By  all  their  country'i  wishes  tileit.  , ,      ^        -», 


.iK!mtiri<mw:vi>ist^m»ss^jet^''sS!*'^m<if 


«4 


ROUTE    OF   THE    OHIO   HIVER. 


Sticncrville,    situated    eight    .a.les   oelow,   In    Bclmonl 

■  ?  niL   U  u  s.null  villiice.  noted  as  bchig  the  scene  ol  a 

co>uU>s  O   m.   .  u  s  ml.       1  g      ^.^„.,ric,u>H  and  Indians,  in  ll„. 

ilr?:  oft:.:-  nuV  "fi:n,atUe  was  called  Cu,U.a,  in  hoao. 
of  the  creek,  lin  whoso  hanlis  it  was  loi.ght. 

T\'ow  MJirtillSVillc,    thr^o    miles    below,   in   Marshul 
comUyyVirgiuia,  is  u  Hmall  village,  containing  a  population  of 

"'rSVrcck,  is  a  small  stream  rising  in  Tyler  county, 
Virginia,  and  e.npties  into  the  Ohio  at  New  Mart.nsv.ho 

CUirillUtOlI,  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  Sun  Fish  creek, 
i„  MonroJc'euuty'  Ohio.  The  country  around  abcnnuis  m  bed. 
of  iron  and  coal.     The  population  ol  Clanngton  is  JOU. 

Sun  Fish  CrccK,  is  a  small  stream,  rising  in  Monroe 
cou"y,  Ohio,  and  empties  into  the  Ohio  river  at  Clanngton 

SistervillC,  is  twelve  miles  below,  in  Tyler  county,  Vir- 
mnia      Uwa'  hid  out  originally  as  the  county  seat ;  but  from 

interior.     The  population  of  SisterviUe  is  about  .jU. 

Newport,  is  a  flourisl.iug  town,  situated  twelve  m.les  below, 
In  Washingto"  county,  Ohio.     The  population  is  about  bOO. 

middle  Island  Creek,  is  a  small  stream  rising  in 
Harrison  county,  Virginia,  and  emptying  into  the  Ohio  nver  ut 

'VSciuiS'ilf  small  village,  situated  on  the  west  baiik 
of  AU"  le  Wand  creek,  in  Tyler  county,  Virginia,  and  conta.us 

■^  MSeUat  U  "i'tuated  on  the  Ohio,  nineteen  miles  below  at 
the  mouth  o?'the  Muskingum  river,  in  Washington  county 
Ohio,  and  is  the  seat  of  justice  for  th'''  C"""  [•  J^fl^%" 
built  on  level  cround,  and  iu  consequence  of  tins,  is  oticn  ever 

vii :  1  Baptiit,  1  Episcopalian,  1  Universalist.  1  Methodist, 
German  Methodist,  1  Catholic  and  1  P'^^^'y  f"^""  ....  _„„„d, 
Marietta  Colleffe  is  a  huudsomo  edifice,  with  beautiful  ground 
attS  It  w^scharcered  in  the  year  1835,  and  was  ma  ly 
h  tended  as  a  theological  seminary  ;  »»'*  t''«"^.  ""Jw  J^  S; 
lions  of  the  kind  in  the  country,  which  rank  higher  iu  tU« 
confidence  of  iU  patrons  than  this. 


In  nd( 

n  Ivink, 
tli;in  t\V( 
The  II 
■  The  i 
t!ie  ear!; 
u  pernii 
piirly  ol 

I'llll'lUU' 

diaract 

and  II" 

jirivatit 

able  ci 

vi'iirs, 

jtiveu 

Aiiloii: 

whose 

ITt^H,  ' 

North 

Ciiiidu' 

fornuM 

BWorJ 

of  tin 

Clerg; 

niarcl 

seats. 

and  ll 

brou( 

none 

Tl: 

are  tl 

one  < 

and  i 

M 

railr 

exte 


ROUTE    OF   THE    OHIO   RIVER. 


85 


0   RIVER. 


miles   below,    In    Belmont 

(1  as  being  the  scene  of  a 

LTio.iiis  and  Indians,  in  Hi'' 

IS  called  CapUiia,  in  hoiiui 

jiiglit. 

niilea    bclow,   in   MarshuU 

containing  u  population  of 

n   rising  in  Tyler  county, 
it  New  Martinavilio. 

mouth  of  Sun  Fish  creek, 
try  around  abounds  in  beds 

Clarington  is  300. 

stream,  rising  in   Monroo 
ihio  river  at  Clarington. 
!low,  in  Tyler  county,  Vir- 

the  county  seat ;  but  from 
t  of  that  honor,  which  was 
wn,  about  nine  miles  In  tlw 
ille  is  about  250. 
,  situated  twelve  miles  below, 
population  is  about  GOO. 

a   small   stream   rising  in 
ilylng  into  the  Ohio  river  at 

B,  situated  on  the  west  bank 
unty,  Virginia,  and  contains 

hio,  nineteen  miles  below,  Qt 
'or,  in  Washington  county, 
,r  that  county.  The  city  is 
■quence  of  this,  is  often  cver- 
is  long  been  celebrated  for  its 
their  beautiful  and  ornamental 
of  morality  and  literary  intel- 
I'he  churches  are  7  in  number, 
Universalist,  1  MethodUt,  1 
1  Presbyterian, 
difice,  with  beautiful  grounds 
3  year  1835,  and  was  mainly 
f  ;  and  there  are  few  institu- 
f,  which  rank  higher  lu  ths 


The  early  history  o(  '^'""^'V'  ''^j '  .  ^  being  the  place  whore 
t!„.e..rly  history  of  the  sUt.  "'  <'';"^,;,  ^''^'j^was  settled  by  u 
„  perniiineiit  sollleiiient  was  '"^»'  I"""'"- i,,„„c„  „f  Gen.  Uufus 
;,'„y  of  47  New  fc^'.'^'-' .'■[;■;;':  ^     '  ^,|'"t   '««  men  wer«  all 

'„lm.m,  in  the  spring  ol  t'""  >"" ^  ' '  ,5,^,  a„a  Htern  integrity, 
characterized  by  a  strict  sense  "f  '""[''"y-jfJJ  f^,  the  trials  and 
r„a  1.0  set  of  men  could  ^^1^^^,.^Vu,\.r  such  favor- 

,,Hvations  of  early  pioneers     U^^^^^^^^^  ^^^  ,,„^,,.^,„a   (,, 

Lble  circumstances   *'''  ''  P'  f '' ^  "^n,e   name  of  MarietUi  was 

ve;irs,  is  not  to  be  """"'"""'o  f  ;„v  of  J  W.  "'  1""'°^  «f  •'^1""" 
,iveu  to  '^villoge  on  the  2dday  of  Jul^^^^^^^^  Louis  XVI, 

Antoinette,  the  be.uliful  M"'^-'"  «'  "'•=  \  ^,,p  od  day  of  Sept., 
,Wu,se  sad  fate  al    are. jcqi—d^  ^^„    ^^  ■     the 

ITt^H,  was  assembled  ''^p,  "'  ^emo'iy  of  opening  the  court  was 
North-west  territory.  ,.'^'".,<=\yf,^'Xcor  in.  A  procession  was 
coi,duct.-a  wHl>  ere-l.'l'g"''y  "^  Is  Hiu  ^^^  ^n,,  ,,rawn 
formed  in  the  f«'l°^^":e  °^ '^l, ,  ^f  ,0  Ariny  1  4lh.  Members 
sword;  2d.  Citizens;  .W.  '^*^,'^^f„,°\''b?„^  The  Governor  and 
of  the  Bar;  5lh.  »"l.'";'r;"'p„-'";'^oTfconmoi  Pleas.  They  then 
Clergy;  7th.  Judges  ol    he  Co""-'  «'  ^o"';"    ,,^,,   ^„j  took  their 

uone^f  them  ventured  t°  ""'"/'^^X'-ihe  stranger  in  Marietta, 

The  olyects  of  the  .f^^j/^^'^.te  numerous  in  the  vicinity; 

are  the  Indian  mounds,  ^^^  ."'^j*'     fty-two  feet  perpendicular. 

extensive  coal  region. 

narmar,  is  situated  o„,Je  south  side^^^^^^^^ 
river,  directly  opposite    Manetta.     It  »»^^^  t^o 

manufacturing  P^poscB.  'j?^^°f„,„r„.  gieamboat  buildi^^ig  has 
rivf-rs  and  the  falls  of  the  .Mu«  ""^^^'J'  ^  „f  i^^te  years.  Hi.rmur 
been  carried  on  to  a  ^on^'J'-^We  extent         ^  ^J^^^  ^^^^  ,.^,„^, 

lr^:.rfyra'Xra:irSSty,  half  a  dozer,  stores,  and 
about  1,000  Ihhttbl  ants.        .',.-,..   ,"^,  4  >•     -e^**- 


S.»*<ai!W-!"T«'»«-*«^ 


86 


ROCTB   or  THE  OHIO   RIVER. 


Tlip  BilP  of  tliis  villngp,  was  ocr.npicd  in  early  times,  by  I'ort 
HnTiiinr,  wliicli  was  built  in  tbo  yisir  17HG,  by  u  <iotiu;liincnt  of 
U.  S.  troops,  iiiidi^r  tlic  command  of  Miijor  Doiiirbty,  und  belong- 
ing to  Col.  Josliih  Harmar'H  rofriment,  in  bonor  of  wbom  tlie  fort 
was  named.  It  was  ooi-npied  by  troops  for  several  years,  whose  duty 
it  was  to  guard  the  Hcttlenieiits  in  the  vicinity.  It  was  ii  benutilul 
and  romantic  place,  and  was  the  second  fort  erected  in  Ohio. 

TIlC  Muskinpuni  Itivcr  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
tho  'I'uscawara  and  While  Woman  rivers,  which  unite  at  Cosli- 
octou.  It  is  one  of  the  lariu'est  rivers  which  lie  wholly  iu  the 
Blulo.  Navigation  is  greatly  impeded  in  this  river,  in  consequenei' 
of  the  numerous  falls  and  rapids.  There  have  been  many  dams 
uiid  short  canals  constructed,  however,  by  which  moans  tho  river 
is  made  navigable  about  100  miles. 

The  disadvantages  in  regard  to  navigation,  are,  in  a  measuro, 
made  up  by  tho  easy  access  of  water  power  atForded  by  these 
numerous  falls  an<l  rapids.  It  unites  with  tho  Oliio  at  Marietta, 
and  is  iiio  yards  wide  ut  the  mouth. 

Nole. 

C^fihoclon  is  tcautifuUy  flituatcd  nt  tho  hca.1  of  the  5Iuf>l(inf;«m  rlTCT, 
113  niilcH  from  Mariitta,  anit  la  thu  miinty  scat  of  Cochoclon  county.  It  wan 
laid  out  in  the  year  I  SOi,  and  was  i-alled  Tuscawara,  which  name  it  rctaiiiej 
until  the  year  ISII,  wlum  it  received  its  present  upiiellation. 

It  contains  4  churches,  2  nowspajicr  offices,  a  flour  mlU,  and  woolen  factory, 
half  a  dozen  stores,  and  has  ii  population  of  1,000. 

When  the  river  is  very  high,  Btcamboats  occasionally  oeccnd  as  high  up  M 
this  point. 

Zanegville  Is  situated  on  tho  east  hank  of  tho  Muskingum  river,  80 
miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  the  county  seat  of  Muskingum  county,  f-nd  ranks 
with  the  principal  towns  in  the  state.  It  was  laid  out  in  the  year  1799,  by 
Ebenejcr  Zane  and  John  Mclntire.  and  was  first  called  Westbourn,  which 
name  it  bore  until  the  establishment  of  a  po8t.ofacc,  when  it  received  its 
present  name.  Tho  commerce  of  Zanesville  is  considerable,  having  a  trade 
opened  l)y  means  of  steamboats,  with  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati  and  New  Orleans, 
ic..  and  through  the  northern  part  of  the  state,  by  uieans  of  the  Otio  cacs!, 
with  whiih  it  is  connected  by  a  Bide  cut-off  at  Dresden.  The  national  road 
also  passes  through  it,  and  adds  considerable  to  its  trade. 

The  natural  advantages  for  manufacturing  purposes  possessed  by  Zanesville, 
are  not  surpassed  by  any  other  town  In  the  state.  Besides  the  immense 
amount  of  water  power  afforded  by  the  river,  the  surrounding  hills  abound 
with  beds  of  bituminous  coal,  affording  ample  luppUes  of  fuel  for  aU  piu> 
potM. 


w_^ 


no   RIVER. 

led  in  early  limes,  by  l''ort 
ir  17HG,  by  u  tiotiiclimcnt  ol' 
Miijor  Doiijrbty,  uiid  belong- 
,  ill  honor  of  whoin  the  fott 
for  soviTul  years,  whose  iluty 
vicinity.  It  waa  ii  bonuliful 
)nd  fort  erected  in  Ohio. 

is  formed  by  tho  junction  of 
ivors,  which  unite  at  Cosli- 
crs  which  lie  wholly  iu  the 
in  this  river,  in  const'qnencc 
'hero  havo  been  niiiny  daina 
r,  by  wliicli  means  the  river 

nvigation,  are,  in  a  nipasnre, 
ter  power  atForded  by  thoBO 
s  witli  the  Oliio  at  Marietta, 


he  hdsul  of  the  JIupkinRiiin  tItct, 
peat  of  Coplioclon  county.  It  win 
iisciiwara,  which  name  it  retaiiieil 
ri'Scnt  appellation, 
!fl,  a  flour  mill,  unci  woolen  factory, 
)f  1,000. 
occasionally  aeccnd  as  high  up  m 

lank  of  the  MuRkingum  river,  80 
t  of  Muskingum  county,  uml  ranks 

was  laid  out  in  the  year  1799,  by 
»aa  first  called  Wostbourn,  which 
a  p08t.of8cc,  when  it  received  Its 
lie  is  considerable,  having  a  traJe 
jurgh,  Cincinnati  and  New  Orleans, 

scaxc,  by  iiivous  u*  *i*u  vii*w  m>i..'., 
IT  at  Presden.    The  n&tioual  road 
ble  to  its  trade. 
Qg  purposes  possessed  by  Zanoeville, 

the  8tate.  Besides  the  immense 
vor,  the  surrounding  hills  abound 
imiile  luppUeB  of  fuel  for  »U  pu^ 


ROCTK    OF    THE    01110    RIVER. 


87 


TlH.  Ohio  Central  Ila.lroad  passes  through  ZanesvilUs  and  is  now  In  opera- 
,i,„  ,hu«-e  to  Colaml>us,  councting  «ith  Sa„a.,sKy  and  C  eveluud  roa,.«  .. 
Nounrk,  U,Uin«  .ou.ty.  A  dirct  roa.1  to  Ciu,- innat,,  via  l-"-  -^ 
Wilmington,  is  now  uoder  coutract  and  progressing  rapuily.  A  '™"^>  -1' 
1  o  Cl«v:iana,  via  ARron  and  Hudson,  is  also  un.Ur  .ootra-t^  «1.  a 
,,„..  various  roads  shall  l.<  oomi.!,!,..!  they  will  doubtless  add  much  to  the 
Hivu-ly  prosperous  b.i.iiiess  of  this  enterprising  place. 

Zan,  sMllo  is  divia.M  into  South  and  West  Zanesvillo,  an,l  /ane.villo  prop- 
„  The.e  are  dlvi.led  by  the  river,  over  which  are  l,rUlges,  .nnnecting  them 
with  ,  u.h  other  and  with  (he  vningo  of  Putnan,,  a  short  ..Istanc,  » 

1.,.  ,hur,hcs  of  Zu„Mvm..  u,o  14  in  ..un>l.  r,  vi«  :  3  Lutheran  2  Baptist, 
o  M  ..hodist  Kpls  opal.  1  ITotcant  Methodist,  1  Universalist,  1  r'seop..  .an. 
"  Cdh.  lie,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1  African.  It  contains,  also,  ,  Hour  mills  6 
;a«'-n,ins,  2  oil  inills,  1  paper  mill  ou  the  late  improved  plan,  7  iron  founde- 
rw,  2  glas,  factories,  2  manuf.Klories  of  -rockery  ware,  4  ma.h.ne  shops,  i 
,vc,o  en  fa.l«rics.  1  shoc-last  manufactory,  U-sldes  numerous  other,  of  minor 
;„„,ortunee.  There  are  6  printing  offices,  each  issuing  a  week  y  pap«r,ana 
„  1  an.lsome Od.i-fcllows  Hall,  r..ei,tly  ere.-ted  at  a  cost  of  »18,000. 

F^r  the  education  of  the  young,  Zanesville  has  many  and  superior  adv.n- 
uZ     There  are  two  large  buildings,  one  for  males,  and  the  other  .or  femal.-s 
;h  capable  of  holding  three  hundred  scholars,  which  contain  schoo  s  a. 
CO  duct...  as  any  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  state,     H--^-"^  J 
,,.,  ng  to  the  town,  and  were  built  under  the  dirct.or.  of  the  late  Jolm 
Mclnte  who  left  his  entire  estate,  to  found  and  sustain  a  school   for   ho 
1^0  the  poor,    m  these  schools,  the  poor,  who  are  unable  topay.  have  he 
1  Id  antages  as  the  walthy,  who  are  charged  a  niodera  e  compensat  ou 
There  are  also  district  schools  in  West  and  South  Zanesville,  which  are  free 
to  all  who  are  willing  to  attend.    Besides  these,  there  is  a  handsome  court- 
house  with  public  ofilces  in  the  west  wing,  and   an  atheneum  >n  the  east 
w  n^  m   whlh  there  is  a  library  of  over  9000  volumes,  and  a  cabinet  of 
S;!    There  is  also  a  market  house.abank,  and  a  juvenile  lyceum,  with 

'  r  7o:"plied  With  water  from  a  reservoir,  on  a  hill  ICO  feet  high 
Tlie  water  is  for^d  up  by  means  of  a  powerful  force  P-P;  ''  ^^^f^ 
conducted  through  the  town  by  means  of  iron  pipes,  as  is  usual  m  cities 


'lUe  pupuiMviwu   c. 


.#     V.nn.vllls     !< 


.,-_  ..  ..^„..„,_  ,.  8.000,  StcamboaU  arrive  and  depart 
almost  dally,  '"^.g^  leave  daily  for  Wheeling,  in  connection  with  OhioCen- 
tral  Railway,  and  three  times  a  week  for  Marietta. 

Put»-in,l.»  ™a"  village,  situated  opposite  Zanesville,  Iu  the  same 
Putn«m,»»  ™  »  office,  one  Methodist,  and  one  Prcsbyterlau 


,;3(^^>«J««!.1SW*»!«>'.'«^< 


-*,i«.,,*fc.«»»*n««»^5»««w«*"-'***^''* ' 


68 


nOL'TK   OF    TIIK   OHIO    KIVKR. 


with  furniture  t  r.,  wn«  more  than  f'.'O.WM.  The  ori.-inal  namo  of  th»  town 
wiw  SpriiiKfli'lil,  t'ut  lliiro  iM-inp  nnotli.r  tiiwii  r>f  that  n.nmo  in  the  nuto.  it 
wan  nlmiiiii'il  t<i  its  nr>'«iiit  name,  which  was  that  of  its  fimudur,  Eilivin 
Futuam.    Tlie  |>opulatlon  1»  about  1,200. 

Vi<'llli:i«  a  iilrnsailt  littlo  villi<f;t',  U  sitiiiiltd  on  the  Ohio,  In 
Wood  coiiiily,  \irciiiia,  opposite  an  islaiiil  of  tlie  same  name. 

ParkerslUll'Bll,  Wood  county,  Virginia,  is  pleasantly 
Bitiialeii  on  llic  Oliio,  at  tlin  niontli  of  tlie  I.itlli;  Kanawha  rivir. 
It  is  the  county  sent,  ami  contains  tiie  iiMial  puhlic  buildiiics, 
together  with  ii  number  of  factories  of  vurious  kinds,  about  a 
dozi-u  stores,  and  several  churches.  The  Nurth-western  Virginia 
Ilailroad,  connecting  with  the  Cincinnati  and  Belpru  roud,  teruil- 
uutes  here.     'I'hc  pi>|)ululion  is  uhout  ;t,5(K). 

ltl>l|>l'r<  or  "Ueauliful  Meadow,"  opposite  Purkersburgh,  In 
Washington  county,  Ohio,  is  a  pleasant  place,  extending  about 
two  miles  along  the  river.  It  was  first  s,  tiled  In  the  year  17S9. 
The  Cincinnati  and  Uelpre  Railroad  terniiiiatcs  licre.  Popula- 
tion, LfjIJO. 

The  liittlR  Kanawha  Rivor,  rises  In  Braxton 
county,  Virginia,  and  flows  in  a  north-westerly  direction,  and 
empties  into  the  t  ihio  just  below  Parkerabnrgh. 

ISIanncrhnssctt's  Island,  a  beautifnl  Island  In  ilio 
Ohio,  two  miles  below  Belpre,  is  remarkablu  as  being  the  residence 
of  one  of  the  most  unfortunate  men  that  ever  landed  on  our 
Bliores. 

Herman  BlonnerhiJs.sett,  an  Irishman  by  birth,  who  left  the 
verdant  home  of  childhood,  in  company  with  Ills  wife,  to  seek 
that  quiet  among  strangers,  which  the  disturbed  state  of  his 
country  denied  him  ar.  home,  found,  in  1798,  a  dreary  island  in 
tlie  Ohio,  upon  which  he  resolved  to  spend  the  remnant  of  his 
days.  In  u  short  time  this  Island  was  transformed  into  one  of 
the  most  enchanting  spots  in  the  country  —  disturbed  not  by  the 
jarring  sounds  of  a  tumultuous  city,  or  the  wild  excitement  of 
politics,  the  years  of  his  life  seemed  to  glide  along  as  smoothly  as 
the  waters  of  the  beautiful  river  that  passed  his  island  homo. 
But  alas  I  how  uncertain  and  how  fleeting  are  the  pleasures  of 
life  !  Little  did  he  think  that  there  was  one,  high  in  the  honors 
of  his  adopted  country,  who,  one  day,  would  heap  dishonor  upon 
his  head,  and  send  liim,  broken-hearted,  to  die  In  a  distant  land. 
This  island  will  ever  remain  as  a  memento  of  the  fate  of  its 
unfortunate  proprietor,  the  story  of  whosa  wroug*  has  been 
rendered  immortal  by  the  genius  of  Wirt.  •  -u«  .xi.,.. 


The 

pooirly 

iiiiuiy  I 

his  '^w 

A  lie 

lie    we 

II,-  wa 

talents 

guajie 

parlier 

l!ur 

was  k 

an  em 

(■eiel)r 

iirrive 

Klanii 

einbal 

made 

boats 

his  m 

(hi  tl 

(■■.I  ml 

dcsce 

whor 

his  pi 

17th 

of  M 

was  ] 

ting 

Tom 

forti 

of  tl 

Two 

of  tl 

Unit 

Bl 

Afte 

the 

retu 

inde 

the 

1 

mot 

pori 

vie^ 


»;»*»''i'  ^ 


9    RIVER. 

The  orLlnal  nHino  of  th»  town 
II  nf  tlml  n.nnin  in  the  stntr.  it 
UN  Ihut  of  Ita  fuuudisr,  Kdwin 


is  sitiiiitcil  on  the  Ohio,  In 
ilaiid  ul'  tlic  Huiiie  niimr. 

ly,  Virginia,  is  plpasiiiitly 
Ihii  I.itlli;  Kanawliii  rivi-r. 
\\ii  usual  piihllc  buildings, 
of  various  kinds,  about  a 
ha  Nurth-westfrn  Virginia 
all  and  Belpri!  road,  leruii- 

'  opposite  Parkersburgh,  In 
lilt  place,  extending  about 
3t  s<llled  In  the  year  17S9. 
termiuiUcs  hure.     Fopulu- 

tiVor«    rises   In    Braxton 

rtli-westcrly  direction,  uud 

icraburgh. 

,  a  beautiriil  Uland  In  tliH 

kablu  as  being  the  rosiJenco 

n  tliut  ever  landed  on  our 

nan  by  birth,  who  left  the 
lany  with  Ills  wife,  to  seek 
tlie  disturbed  state  of  his 
in  1798,  a  dreary  island  in 
}  spend  the  remnant  of  his 
ras  transformed  into  one  of 
ntry  —  disturbed  not  by  tlie 
,  or  the  wild  excitement  of 
o  glide  along  as  smoothly  as 
at  passed  hia  island  homn. 
leeting  are  tlie  pleasnres  of 
was  one,  high  in  the  honors 
',  would  heup  dishonor  upon 
ted,  to  die  in  a  distant  land, 
memento  of  the  fate  of  its 
f  whose  wrong*  haa  been 
Wirt.  „.i.ii. 

.t2  *.a«! 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO    RIVEH. 


The  man-Ion  of  Blannerhasselt  was  the  resort  of  the  best 
Ji  IV  a  a  hi-  «-™ltl'  "'"'  «l>^'  l>'"-"iK'""-'-  "f  '''^  wife  caused 
r,ny^or  the  most  dUtingni-lied   men  in  the  country  to  become 

'"' Al'te'r  Uie  d.f.nl  of  Anron  Burr.  In  1804,  for  the  \ice  rrrsldency, 

|,,A       to  New  York    and  became  a  can,lMate   for  (Jov.  nior. 

..      as  opi.osed  I.V  Ila,Milton.  a  man  of  lilK'h  mind  and  excele    t 

ale    IH     ^  arrwas  defeat-d,  a.el   taking  advantage  of  some  bu- 

g trnse  '  by  hi.  opponent,  eb.lUnged  him  to  fight  « .luel.     1  he 

''^'51;;;:::;  rl'g  t;::u':^  hlie  of  fntur  .  db^inClon  in  th.  Kast 

f  r  V  .r  l.wt    (leti'maiied  to  separate  (:.••  I'uion,  and  establish 
wasf,.rev.     .     ..M  ra.ni    It  ^^^^     ^^^  ^^^^^  ,_.^ 

;;" :;:;!a    . :' ^^u'v. s^sLate, and o,. .m. .mh of Apm. u. 

■  .Till  Pi.tslnirKh.       He  soon   r.-paired  to    the  residence    of 
^  :    nerlll      anS^Huade,!  him  to'join  in  .!.■  conspiracy  aju^ 

1    rl-    .11  ills  forti  lie   in  the  scheme.     From    this  point.  Burr 

;::      L:     s     .s       o  Ohio  and  Kentncky,  obtaining  money,  men. 

o    .  and  ,  rovisioiis.     When  his  real  .lesigns  became  known,  all 

ifinoven  en  s  were  watched,  and  his  plans  constantly  deleated. 

iiZl    ho     n'eember,  IHOG,  he  arrived  a.  the  month  of  (   -, 

■   ,XrU    i  river,  with   only  about  IdO   rnen  ;  with    thes.     he 

le'cende       he    Mississippi  river,     flen.  Wilkinson,  however    of 

Im  on.  Bur    had  made  a'  confidant,  had   inlo.   ,ed  the  I'r-^l^^ent  of 

hi.  dans  and  was  aulhorizea  to  arrest  hi...   '    ^'"'T       .Pi! 

,h  o  Ja  uary.  1^07,  Burr  gave  Imnself  u,.  to  the  '■"'"'r.t  es 
0  MissisMppi  territory,  and  underwent  an  examination.  He 
™  Teed  under  bonds,  and  while  the  grand  jury  were  investiga- 

IB  he  case,  he  made  his  escape.  He  was  arrested  on  the 
T  fnl^iU  ri^er.  on  his  way  to  Floriua.  »"  _ -' J?.^f-  --^ 
for  trial.  His  examination  was  coiumenced  in  the  *-''rf  "".\""" 
of  the  United  Stat.s,  belore  Judge  Marshall,  on  the  2ad  of  May. 
TwobiM  were  found  against  him  ;  Imt,  contrary  to  the  w.shes 
of  the  Fresh  cut,  the  suit  was  discontinued  on  the  part  of  the 
Un  led  suites,  and  ho  soon  alter  left  the  country  for  Europe. 
"^  Brantre^ha.4..t  was  also  ac,ui,led,  but  he  -s  a  rmned  man 
After  wanderiiir  from  place  to  place,  he  <lied  in  the  joar  lt*~~,  oil 
l^ieLrand  of  Guernsey,  in  the  English  channel.  His  wife 
returned  to  he  United  States,  and  "l'Pl'«|  «°.gT"' V?rk  in 
[nder.if.catiou,  but  without  success.     She  died  in  New  York,  in 

''VroySens  county,  Ohio,  is  a  pleasant  little  village,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Hockhocking  river.  It  is  often  called  Hock'ug- 
^ort,  and  is  pf  but  little  importonce  In  a  commerclul  point  of 
view.    The  population  U  250. 


•J. 


iH**<)wi*j^««*B»w.«ew?is"*'«< 


00 


nOITTE   OF    TIIK   OHIO    UIVKB. 


Ilnrkliorkint;  HIvrr,  rncs  in  FnirfiiUl  (•ounty,  Ohio, 
n'M  lifter  ;i  cirriiiliiiH  (•nur-iii  (if  civilly  iiiiles,  iMilcrH  llicOliin  it 
Tto-,.  It  rocriv.'d  its  11:11110  Irum  till- 'liidi  Ills,  ill  cDhsciiii.MKv  oi 
B  tHopOHi-.l  ri'sriillihiiici',  ill  lioiilK  iilaci--,  to  11  Imllte.  It  is  imvi;jii 
lili  for  miiall  liii:its  lis  fur  lis  Allu-na.  Si  veil  miles  froii  I.uiirasl.  r 
it  f;illn  over  a  |)eriieiiilieiilar  ledjTe  of  rochs,  forty  feet  lii|r|i.  'Ihe 
country  l)or.ieriii(j  on  tlu'  river  almiinclM  in  roiiinitie,  ';(,onery,  ami 
In  Hoiiii'  pliiee;,  tliere  lire  to  lie  seen  many  iiiic  ieiil  nionii'ls  und 
fortillcatioiis,  tlie  remiiins  of  a  raee  lone  siiiee  |>.i»He.ii  awuy. 

'{"lie  valley  of  tlie  lloeltlioeUinir  appears,  imm  recent  invefti- 
jratloiir',  to  Irnve  once  lieoii  covereil  Willi  yellow  pine  forents,  iiie 
reiiiiiins  of  wliicll  are  fo  Iw  Heeii.  'I'liere  has  li'.u  (oniiii,  in 
several  iiionniis  that  have  been  opeiicMl,  Bcatter  -i  aiiicng  tlio 
Imman  liones,  the  rliarce.l  of  pine  wooil  ;  wliiidi  ;  ilow-;  tliat  at 
thi)  lime  of  their  erection,  thin  was  tlio  provuili.ig  trca  of  tl»« 
jurest.  .   _     _  . 

Note. 

Atlirnn,  eoiinty  sent  nf  Atliens  (•nunty,  Ohin,  is  mtimteit  on  tho  Ilock- 
lioi'tiin;;  river,  ntout  ~i  mili;ii  Routli-easl  I'niiu  ('e'i'iil.iis.  It  bwamc  ilire 
omity  8PntlTi  IS05,  nnil  nowfontainKnovvnil  ihiiiTlun.  mJulioiil  iOstoren.  It 
In  tlif  Pent  of  tlio  Ohio  UnivcrmtT,  tho  oldeft  rollo(;ii  In  tho  s'Rte.  Tho  Ohio 
I'niTor.iily  wtw  fouiiainl  in  1819,  ami  onjowed,  liy  C.jiij;rpsii,  with  two  town- 
fhipn  of  lanil,  containing  40,000  acnn,  yUddinn  an  annual  income  of  $5,000. 
At  ono  time,  through  liad  managomcnt  or  otliir  cuupo,  the  Institution  wm 
nearly  defunct,  tint  It  ha»  slnco  revived.  It  iiumLora  among  its  graduates 
many  prominent  men  of  our  day.  Tho  popnlatiou  of  Athens  Ir  about  lOOC. 
Staged  leave  daily  for  all  tho  principal  points  in  tho  state. 

About  four  miles  from  Atlions,  tliere  are  several  mounds,  fortifications  and 
gateways.  From  ono  mound  there  were  laken  over  one  thousand  perches  of 
stone,  dilTering  from  any  now  found  in  the  vicinity,  for  the  purpose  of  con- 
structlnp;  a  dam  across  the  river.  There  were  aliio  found  copper  riiifS  and 
other  curious  relics.  There  arc  In  this  region  many  fossil  relics,  bearing 
devices  and  figures,  so  ingeniously  wrought  as  to  induce  the  belief  that  they 
were  the  work  of  man  lieforo  the  flood,  and  which  iKcarao  buried  in  heaps  of 
sandstone,  and  afterwards  consolidated  into  rocli.  Tho  strata  which  extends 
through  this  region,  forms  one  vast  cemetery,  in  which  are  deposited  speci- 
mens of  those  plant<  that  existed  in  the  early  ages  of  tho  world. 

Belleville^  situated  at  tho  mouth  of  Lee's  crock,  In  Wood 
county,  Virginia,  four  miles  below  Troy,  is  a  small  but  beautiful 
Tillage.  In  early  times  it  was  the  scene  of  many  tragical  events 
enacted  by  the  merciless  s&vago.      It  was  settled  in  tho  year  1765, 


3.  **»»fft*»-^i.*ll '  ^  ixff^'r 


no   lUVKB. 


i-s  in  Fiiirfii'lii  roiinty,  Ohio, 
ily  iiiil.s,  filters  llic  Ohio  it 
1'  liidi  ins,  III  cohsi-qiUMic.'  ;; 
ci'H,  Id  a  Ixillle.     It  is  imvi^ii 
Si  von  iiiiloM  froii  liUnnusl.  r 
rooks,  forty  fi'ct  lii|r|i.     'I'iio 
lids  ill  roiiniitu'.  ii.oiicry,  ami 
iiiiiiiy  miri.'iit  moil  mis  uud 
Olid  niiii'."  p.iaHfd  iiwuy. 
ipprars,   uoni  rccrjit  iiivefti- 
willi  yillovv  iiiiiti  t'orcHlH,  vi'.e 
'I'lii'Vi!  liiiH  li-'ii    lonnd,  ill 
HMiKil,  BciilliT  "i    aiiiciig   tlie 
wood  ;  wliiidi   ;  ;liiw-;  tliat  at 
Lts  tlio  provuili.ig  Ilea  of  the 


ly,  Oliin,  is  mtuatcj  ca  the  IIoi  It- 
I'riiiu  Ci'iu'iliiu.  It  bcioamc  ilw 
[vl  ^■h^u■t'lK^.  ,inU  ttliotil  20  stores.  It 
I'ft  roll('(;(i  In  tlie  s'Rti!.  Tlio  OLIo 
dwimI,  liy  C.jnj;rrsii,  witli  two  town- 
■lUin;?  Ml  annual  income  of  $S,000. 
)r  otliir  I'uupo,  tlie  Institution  wa» 
It  iiuml'erH  timong  it^  graduates 
^piilatioD  of  Athens  Ir  about  lOOC. 
nts  in  tho  state. 

f  several  mounds,  fortifications  and 
'.nkon  over  one  thousand  perches  of 
[le  vicinity,  fur  the  purpose  of  cnn- 
.'  were  aliin  found  copper  riiifS  and 
rei?ion  many  fossil  relies,  bearing 
lit  as  to  induce  the  lu'llef  that  they 
lid  which  iKcarao  buried  In  heaps  of 
ito  rock.  The  strata  which  extends 
ctery,  in  which  are  deposited  sped- 
sarly  ages  of  tho  world. 

louth  of  Lee's  creek,  In  Wood 
'  Troy,  is  a  small  but  beautiful 
scene  of  many  tragical  events 
It  was  settled  in  tho  year  1785, 


«.<;,>  Hiiy^ffpir 


i?V.;T7:^' 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 

,50     "^         i^ 

1^  1^    II  2.2 

i  "^  IIJIM 

ll'-8 

II  '-^  1  '-^ 

I.I 

1.25 

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fliotographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^^«*; 


ROUTE   or   THE  OHIO   RIVKE. 


m 


by  Josopli  Wood,  Esq.,  who.  In  company  with  soine  others, 
emierutt-d  from  Pittsburgh.  Tlio  next  year  they  erected  block- 
housBS  to  dcl'eiid  tlicmsnlvca  from  tlio  Iiidiuus,  who  became 
cxlrc.nely  troublesome,  by  the  many  depredu  :nns  whicli  they 
coinmiltcd  on  the  unolTending  Bottlers. 

WlurraysvillC,  five  miles  below  Belleville,  in  Jackson 
county,  Virginia,  is  a  small  village  of  minor  importance.  There 
have  been  several  steamboats  built  here  lately,  which  shows  that 
efforts  are  being  made  toward  progression. 

Shade  Rll'Cr,  is  a  small  stream  rising  in  Meigs  county, 
Ohio,  and  emptying  into  the  Ohio  one  milo  below  Murraysvillo. 
In  by-goiie  days  the  mouth  of  this  river  was  the  spot  where  the 
Scioto  Indians  crossed,  after  their  marauding  expeditions  in  Vir- 
ginia. The  place  was  known  by  the  name  of  the  "  DeeU't  Hole," 
tor  many  years. 

RavcnSWOOd,  lies  eleven  miles  below,  in  Jackson  county, 
Virginia.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  school-houses,  and  one  largo 
mill;  with  a  population  of  350.  The  country  around  is  finely 
adapted  for  grazing,  and  large  numbers  of  cattle  and  sheep  are 
raised.  Although  Kavenswood  is  only  ten  years  old,  it  is  quite  a 
businesB  place,  and  bids  fair  to  make  a  large  town  iu  time. 

te  Tartsvllle,  is  a  small  village,  situated  twenty-three 
miles  below  Ravenswood,  in  Meigs  county,  Ohio.  It  lies  opposite 
an  island  of  the  same  name  in  the  Ohio  river. 

Oraham'S  Station,  lies  six  miles  below,  on  the  Ohio,  In 
the  same  county.  It  is  quite  a  small  village,  and  is  of  no  partic- 
ular importance.     Its  population  is  120. 

Pomcroy,  is  situated  eight  miles  below,  and  is  the  county 
seat  of  Meigs  county,  Ohio.  It  is  located  in  the  midst  of  wild 
and  romantic  scenery,  and  is  overhung  by  a  lofty  and  precipitous 
hill,  leaving  not  more  than  twenty-five  rods  for  the  width  of  the 
town,  which  extends  along  the  river  for  more  than  a  mile. 

There  are  6  churches,  a  court-house,  printing  office,  20  stores, 
several  founderies,  mills,  machine  shops,  carding  machines, 
tan-yards,  &.C.,  &,c.     The  population  is  about  2,000. 

Steam  engines  are  used  exclusively  for  driving  machinery,  of 
which  there  are  about  a  dozen  in  constant  operation. 

Pomeroy  derives  its  importance  solely  from  the  coal  mining 
business,  which  is  carried  on  vcry.extensively.  The  first  cool 
dug  here  was  in  the  year  IfilD  ;  but  the  business  was  not  com- 
menced in  good  earnest,  until  the  year  1832,  when  Mr.  Samuel 
Pomeroy,  having  purchased  a  share  of  the  coal  land,  formed  a 
eonipaoy,  eonsistiug  of  biinaelf,  two  sous,  and  two  sons-in-law, 


i^ill 


m 


92 


ROUTE   OF   THB  OUIO   RIVKB. 


un(l«r  the  firm  of  Pomoroy,  Sons  &  Co.  Si  ico  llmt  tim«  m.nmg 
has  bee  i  ■  'i  important  businrss  iit  Pomeroy.  'I  li.'  iiiiniiul  product 
of  til  ^  t.-i  mines  is  now  catimiited  at  2,000,000  bualiels,  iind  is 
constuitly  increasing. 

<'«al|»OVl,  situated  one  niiln  below,  on  the  same  side  of  the 
river,  and  in  the  same  county,  is  the  principiil  depot  of  the 
Pomeroy  mining  company.  Railways  are  laid  from  the  hill»  to 
the  river,  where  tlie  boats  lie  to  receive  the  coal. 

ITIiddlcport,  lying  alongside  of  Coalport,  has  been  recently 
laid  out  for  the  uccomuiodutioii  of  tho  rapidly  iucrcasiug  coiJ 
trade. 

Sheffield,  is  a  small  flourishing  village  adjoining  Middleport, 
and  may  be  considered  part  of  tho  sumo  town. 

Point  Piciiwmt,  the  county  seat  of  Mason  county,  Vir- 
ginia, is  situated  twelve  miles  b<low,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Kuuawha  river.  It  is  u  small  village,  containing  a  court-house, 
2  cliure.lies,  3  mills,  several  stores  and  2  tanneries;  with  a 
pop\ilation  of  500. 

The  spot  on  which  Point  Pleasant  is  built,  Is  celebrated  in  the 
annals  of  Virginia,  as  being  the  scene  of  one  of  the  bloodiest 
Indian  battlei.  that  was  ever  (ought  in  the  state.  The  battle  took 
place  on  the  10th  of  October,  1774,  between  a  large  party  of 
Indians,  consisting  of  Sliawnees,  Miugoes,  Delawares,  \V  yandots, 
and  Cuyahogas,  led  on  bv  the  celebrated  Shawnee  chief.  Corn- 
stalk, and  a  branch  of  Lord  Duumorj's  army,  numbering  eleven 
hundred  men,  under  tho  command  of  Gen.  Lewis.  Tho  battle 
raged  all  dav  long  with  doubtful  success,  and  it  was  only  through 
the  means  of  stratagem,  that  tho  Indians  were  at  last  Irightened 
Into  a  retreat.  Gen.  Lewis'  loss  was  seventy-five  killed,  and  one 
hundred  and  forty-three  wounded.  The  lo-sa  of  the  Indians  could 
not  be  ascertained,  but  must  have  been  very  large.  Cornstalk, 
who  was  a  brave  and  noble  chief,  was  munlered  at  this  place,  in 
the  year  1777.  The  Governor  offered  a  large  reward  for  the 
arrest  of  the  murderers,  but  all  eflorts  '.or  their  apprehension 
prQved  nnsuncessfiil.  Tho  town,  not  pospering  for  some  years 
after  this  event,  gave  rise  to  a  superstitious  belief  that  the  murder 
was  the  cause  of  it.  ,  l         . 

Steamboats  arrive  and  depart  daily  ;  stages  leave  three  tunes  a 
week  for  the  Virginia  Springs. 

The  CSrcat  Kanawha  Klver,  rises  in  tho  Alleghany 
mountains,  taking  its  course  in  a  north-westerly  direction  through 
aome  of  the  grandest  and  most  romantic  scenery  in  the  V\  est,  and 
empties  into  the  OlUo  at  Point  Pleasant.    It  is  the  largest  river 


UIO   RIVER. 


ROUTE  OF  THE   OHIO   RIVBR. 


93 


Co.     Si  ICO  timt  fimff  mining 

)merov.     'I'ln'  luiniiul  product 

Qt  2,U00,0OU  Ijualiels,  iiud  is 

lelow,  on  liic  sumo  side  of  tlie 
<  the  iiriiicipiil  depot  of  tlie 
iiys  arc  laid  from  tlie  liill»  to 
eive  the  coal. 

of  Coulport,  has  been  recently 
f  tho  rapidly  iucruasiug  coal 

g  village  adjoining  Middleport, 
sumo  town. 

ly  seat  of  Mason  county,  Vlr- 
w,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
iige,  containing  u  court-house, 
L's  uad    3   tunneried ;   with  a 

ut  is  built,  is  celt^brutcd  in  the 
scene  of  one  of  the  bloodiest 

in  the  state.  The  battle  took 
74,  between  u  largo  party  of 
lingoes,  Delawares,  Wyandots, 
ebrated  Shawnee  chief,  Corn- 
or'j's  army,  numbering  eleven 
J  of  Gen.  Lewis.  Tho  battio 
iccess,  and  11  was  only  througti 
Indians  were  ut  last  frightened 
■as  seventy-five  killed,  and  ono 

The  loss  of  the  Indians  could 
e  been  very  largo.  Cornstalk, 
was  murdered  at  this  place,  itt 
iffered  a  large  reward  for  tho 
eft'orts  '.or  their  apprehension 
not  p-.ospering  for  some  years 
irstitious  belief  that  the  murder 

ily  ;  stages  leave  three  times  a 

River,  rises  in  tho  Alleghany 
orth-westerly  direction  through 
lantic  scenery  in  the  West,  and 
'leusuut.    It  is  the  lu-gest  river 


^„  Western  Vircinia.     Bv  moans  of  a  vast  amount  of  labor,   he 

r  U  s  1  rcn  mialr  nnvicablc-  about  sixlv  .nilos.     At  the  head  of 

river  Im>  I"  .  n  ■'     ''  '      'K      ^,,|i,„,„       „-,.  i.^Hmr  to  the  .leptli  of 

ji:rC-d  f '^  , 'dr  :i!::  surf  icc.  there  may  be  found  streams 
of  water  higlily  impregnated  with  salt,  whicl.  gush  up.n  immense 
columns,  high  above  tho  level  of  the  ground. 

ThesJlt  ts  manufaclnred  ^y  evaporutioii,  wh Ic  ,  is  (..rned  on 
by  a   steam  process.      There   are  now  over  3,000,000   bu.hels 

manufactured  annually.  . ,    .    , 

The  river  above  the  sidines  has  numerous  falls  and  rapids,  being 
in  character  with  the  surrounding  country  which  is  exceedingly 
rocky  and  mountainous.  On  too  banks  of  New  river,  about  en 
miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Gauley,  (the  two  lormlne  the 
Kanawha,)  is  a  rugged  pillar  of  rocks  rising  to  the  bight  ot  one 
fhousund  leet  per^^idi^ular.  It  was  formerly  '"«'«'"  Ify'''.^ 
name  of  "  Hawk's  Nest,"  but  is  now  calle.l  "  Marshall  s  Pillar, 
in  honor  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  who  once  stood  on  the 
summit  and  measured  the  distance  to  the  valley  below. 

This  pillar,  with  the  accompanying  scenery,  has  never  failed  to 
impress  the  beholder  with  the  subliniest  thoughts,  and  the  grand- 
est conceptions  of  the  works  of  nature;  and  no  traveler  who  finds 
himself  ill  this  vicinity  sliould  fail  to  pay  a  visit  to  this  stupendous 
monument  of  nature's  handy  work. 

OallipoliK,  situated  four  miles  below  Point  Pleasant,  is  the 
county  seat  of  Gallia  county.  Ohio.  It  was  settled  by  a  comimny 
of  French,  who  emigrated  to  this  place  in  the  year  17J1.  lliey 
were  iiartieularly  unfitted  for  the  hardships  and  privations  of  a 
backwoods  life,  being  mostly  persons  who  were  raised  amidst  tho 
eaities  and  luxuries  of  Paris.  Consequently,  for  a  foNV  years, 
they  suffered  considerably.  But  being  of  a  live  y,  vivacious 
turn,  they  succeeded  in  time,  in  accommodating  themselves  to 
the  circumstances  I  i  which  they  were  placed. 

There  are  now  in  Gallipolis,  .3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
17  stores,  and  about  1,800  inhabitants. 

Mlllevsport,  is  a  small  village  in  Lawrence  county,  Ohio, 
twenty-live  miles  below  Gallipolis,  containing  about  40  houses, 
4  stores,  and  a  population  of  130. 

OnyandOttO,  thirteen  miles  below,  in  Cabell  county,  Vir- 
ginia, is  a  place  of  considerable  importance  as  a  point  of  steamboat 
embarkation  and  debarkation.  The  village  contains  a  church,  10 
stores,  1  or  a  saw-mills,  and  is  flourishing  very  rapidly.  Tho 
population,  which  is  steadily  on  the  Increase,  is  about  1,000. 

At  this  point  persons  from  the  South  and  West,  going  to  tli« 
Virginia  Springs,  usually  disembark  from  the  steamboats  and 


■  -i^^Egssi^iss«s®f  ■■ 


;it 


■li 


n 


94 


ROOTS   OF   TUB   OHIO   RIVER. 


tiike  the  staee.     Stages  leave  here  three  timei  a  week  for  Klch- 
moud,  Wusliiiigtoii,  uud  Uultimore,  via  the  While  Sulplmr  bpriugs. 


THE  VIRGINIA  SPRINGS. 


..s 


The  most  fn-nuentod  of  these  are  the  Wliito  Sulphur  Springs, 
silimted  ill  Howard's  creek  valley,  lu  Greenbrier  county,  on  a 
brunch  of  the  Greenbrier  river.  . 

Thcv  are  a  ereat  resort  for  invalids,  and  those  in  search  of 

amusement  and  pastime,  and  the  waters  are  thought  to  possess 

medicinal  virtues  in  an  eminent  degree  particularly   u  chronic 

diseases.     They  contain  chloride  of  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda, 

carbonate  of  niagnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  oxide  of  iron,  8,.lphate 

of  magnesia,  nrecipitated  sulphur,  phosphate  of  lime,  iodine,  and 

organic  mu  tie, .   The  gases  which  enter  into  their  <=o>nP°«'l'°"'  "f 

hydrogen,  nitiogen,  carbonic  acid,  and   sulphurated  bydrogen. 

The  scenery  in  the  neighborhood  of  these  springs  is  beautiful  uud 

romantic  ;  encircled  by  bold  and  lofty  mounUius,  and  traversed 

by  bright  and  shining'rivulets.     There  are  few   places  m   the 

countr^r  that  possess  greater  charms  for  the  eye  of  the  paintor 

than  this  lovely  valley.     Thirty-five  miles  to  the  north.  In  the 

county  of  Bath,  are  the  Warm  Springs,  one  of  the  o  dest  water- 

h"g  places  in  the  state.    The  waters  are  very  clear  and  transparent, 

and  have  a  temperature  of  98°  Fahrenheit.  .,„.„„„ 

The  Hot  Springs  lie  five  miles  to  the  southward,  in  the  same 

county.     There  have  been  excellent  arrangements  made  at  theso 

spring,  for  the  accommodation  of  patiente,  both  male  and  female. 

The  waters  vary  in  temperature  from  98°  to  10l>=i. 

n  the  eastern  extremity  of  Monroe  county,  are  the  Sweet 
Sorincs.  Theso  are  highly  recommended  on  account  of  the 
EVwers  with  which  tLir  waters  are  said  to  be  possessed. 

The  temperature  of  the  water  is  73°  Fahrenheit  

The  Salt  Sulphur  Springs  are  also  situated  in  Monroe  county, 
and  are  higlily  celebrated  for  the  medical  properties  of  their 
waters,  and  uJsuperior  accommodations  for  invalids  and  visitors. 

'^'^l.leTiSiVurSiSio  n^Ss-to  the  southward  in  the 
same  county     The  wLter  is  cool  and  transparent.     The  teinper- 

"*  The 'Blue  Sulphur  Spring,  situated  on  a  small  stream  which 
emotTes  into  the  Greenbrier  river,  enjoys  a  high  reputation  for. 
ZCedical  properties  of  its  waters.     It  is  cousequouUy  laucli 
frequented  by  invalids,  during  the  summer  season.       ,j, . ,  .stge  g 


0   RITER. 

rce  time^  a  week  for  Kicb- 
the  White  Sulplmr  Springs. 


SPRINGS. 

tho  Wliito  Sulpliur  Springs, 
lu  Greenbrier  county,  on  a 

ids,  and  those  in  seorch  of 
iters  are  tliought  to  possess 
rree,  particularly  In  clironic 
■"  sodium,  sulphate  of  soda, 
imc,  oxide  of  iron,  wilphato 
losphatc  of  lime,  iodine,  and 
er  into  their  composition,  nro 
and  sulphurated  hydrogen, 
these  springs  is  beautiful  uud 
fty  mountains,  and  traversed 
here  are  few  places  in  the 
s  for  the  eye  of  tho  painter 
e  miles  to  the  north,  in  tho 
ngs,  one  of  the  oldest  water- 
re  very  clear  and  transparent, 
enheit. 

)  the  southward,  in  the  same 
,  arrangoments  made  at  theso 
iticnts,  both  male  and  female. 
,m  98°  to  10G3. 
iiroo  county,  are  the  Sweet 
imondod  on  account  of  the 
lers  are  said  to  bo  possessed. 
°  Fahrenheit. 

10  situated  in  Monroe  county, 
medical   properties   of  their 
lions  for  invalids  and  visitors. 
J  603. 

miles  to  tho  southward,  in  the 
id  transparent.  The  temper- 
ed on  a  small  streans  which 
enjoys  a  high  reputation  for. 
rs.  It  is  couseqiwutly  uucli 
summer  season,   t  :»».•:««»»»  ' 


ROUTE   OF    THE    OHIO    KIVER. 


95 


OnyaildOttC  Blvcr  rises  in  Virginia,  near  the  great  flat- 
top mouiiti.ius,  ui.d  empties  into  the  Ohio  at  Onyandotte. 

Proelorville.  a  small  villago,  in  Lawrence  county,  Uhlo, 
lies  nearly  opposite  Guyandotte. 

BurlllllCtOll,  eight  miles  below,  ronnty-seat  of  Lawrence 
county,  Ohio,  is  a  sn.ftll  villuge  containing  a  court-house,  two 
chnrches,  and  half  a  dozen  stores.     Popnlution,  4UU. 

The  country  around  Burlington  abounds  in  iron  ore.  1  here 
are  now  twenty-one  furnaces  iu  operation,  annually  turning  out 
about  .'W.OnO  tons  of  pig  iron,  valued  at  $1 ,125,0  )U. 

The  Biff  Sandy  Bivcr,  four  miles  below,  rises  in  the 
Al*ghany  n.ountains,  and  empties  into  the  Ohio  at  Callettsburg 
It  8  navigable  as  far  as  the  mountains,  and  for  nearly  v»o  hundred 
,  iL  fZs  the  boundary  line  between  Virginia  and  KoutucKy 
CatletttiiburK,  situated  at  the  moHth  of  ..lu  Utg  bandy 
river"  in  Greenup  county,  Kentucky,  forms  th.  extreme  north- 
ern' point  of  the  state'.  The  Maysvi  le  &  Big  fc^andy,  and  tha 
Lexineton  &  Big  Sandy  Railroads,  terminate  hero. 

iron  on,  Lawrence  county,  Ohio,  ..no  miles  below  was 
commenced  in  June,  184U,  by  the  "Ohio  Iron  and  Coal  Com- 
PANV."^  It  is  located  on  a  bank  of  the  river,  above  the  li^^es 
fres heU.  in  the  midst  of  the  richest  iron  and  coal  region  of  Ohio 
and  Kentucky,  has  35  blast  furnaces  in  its  vicinity,  and  is  con- 
nected by  raifroad  with  the  mineral  regions  in  the  north  Mass- 
Tve  pies  of  b  ck  and  mortar  occupy  the  place,  and  2000  persons 
now'^  find  profitable  employment  where  three  years  since  was 
ohingbu'^^  a  cornfield:  st.*m  engines,  locomotives,  '"llw^y  ««". 
machinery,  stoves,  hollow  ware,  axes,  &c.,are  manufactured  ex- 
^nslvnly  There  are,  also,  founderles,  rolling-m.lU,  planing- 
miUric.    Intoxicating  drink,  are  not  allowed  to  be  sold  w.thia 

''liaiVing  Bock,  four  miles  below.  In  Lawrence  county 
o"      Lar"%ua„titiesof  iron  are  shipped  fr""™  this  port.     A 

raZad  about  fifteen  miles  in  '«"f ''.=»"'"?'«  '^''P'"'=„'',rsi 
the  Iron  reeions.  It  contains  a  church,  ha  f  a  dozen  W"'''*.  » 
orge  rolUnI  mill,  and  foundry,  with  V^P"'"^'""  1»^°"S 
Wreenupslmrg,  county-seat  of  Greenup  county,  Ken- 
tucky sTx"rs  below  at  the  mouth  of  the  1  ittle  S^n^yriver. 
was  laid  out  in  the  year'l8l8,  and  now  contains  a  «"«  '"B^  <:°"^: 
house,  church,  school-house,  11  stores,  and  a  number  of  mechaa- 

'"Tt/LmrSandrBlver.  rise,  in  Carter  county.  Ken- 
tuckv  and  empties  into  the  Ohio  at  Groouupsburg. 

Wi.^K5«bur|r,  eight  mile,  below,  m  Sdoto  county.  O.. 
Is  a  email  but  flourUhing  village.    Population,  30U. 

7  'i-- 


w 


ROUTE    OF   THE    OHIO   RIVER. 


Portsmouth,  couuty-seat  of  Scioto  county,  Ohio,  Is  sit- 
uated twelve  miles  below,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Scioto  river,  and 
also  at  the  pouthern  terminus  of  the  Ohio  canal.  Portsmouth 
Bti-niU  III  a  most  advantaBeous  situation  for  trade.  b*lng  connect- 
ed by  the  Ohio  canal  with  the  great  lakes  on  the  north,  as  well 
as  the  most  fertile  agricultural  districts  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  Tho 
iron  region  being  In  the  vicinity,  also  adds  considerable  weight 

°The  Scioto  and  Hocking  Valley  Railway,  connecting  with  tho 
Ohio  Central  and  other  roads  at  Newark,  and  now  under  contract, 
has  Its  southern  terminus  here.  The  Maysville  and  Big  Sandy 
Railroad  will  connect  with  the  above  road  at  this  place,  also,  mak- 
ing quite  a  thoroughfare  of  it.  Stages  leave  daily  for  Colum- 
bus, via  LucasviUe,  Tiketon,  Waverly,  Chilllcothe,  Circlevllle, 
&c.     Steamboats  leave  daily  for  all  points  on  the  Ohio  river. 

A  company  of  capitalists  have  now  in  process  of  erection,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  Scioto,  a  basin  with  dry-docks  for  build- 
iiig  and  repairing  steamboats.  The  town  now  contains  a  fine 
court-house,  1  Methodist,  I  Episcopal,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1 
Catholic  church,  2  well-conducted  free  schools,  one  for  boys,  and 
the  other  for  girls,  a  rolling  mill,  oil  mill,  carding  machine,  two 
printing  offices,  several  founderios,  about  40  stores,  and  a  popula- 
tion of  about  3,500.  ...         _  i„.  „r 

In  the  vicinity  of  Portsmouth  are  to  be  seen  the  remains  or 
many  ancient  works,  which  have  excited  considerable  curiosity 
among  the  antiquarians  of  our  day.  ., 

The  Ohio  Canal,  one  of  the  first  great  public  works 
of  the  state,  was  commenced  in  the  year  1825,  and  finished  in 
1832,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000,000.  It  traverses  the  f"'""  .'ongth  °f 
the  state  from  north  to  south.  After  leaving  Portsmouth  it  takes 
its  direction  almost  due  north  for  the  space  of  ninety  miles 
crossing  the  Scioto  river  twice  In  its  course  ;  it  then  takes  an 
easterly  direction,  passing  through  the  valley  of  the  Tuscawara, 
then  diverging  to  the  northward  again,  passes  through  the  valley 
ofihe  Cuyahoga,  and  continuing  in  this  direct  on.  connects 
with  Lake  Erie  at  Cleveland.     Its  length  is  307  miles. 

There  are  152  locks,  and  8  branches.     The  Co  umbus  branch, 
connecting  the  city  of  Columbus  with  the  7'"  ^nc »« 
miles  in  length.     The  Lancaster  branch,  extending  to  Lancaster, 

"nine  miles  long.  The  Athens  branch  is  an  extension  of  the 
Lanci^ter  bi^nchf  and  is  called  the  Hocking  canal.  lU  length  is 
fiftv  miles.  The  Zauesville  branch  extends  to  the  town  of  Zanes- 
Ji7e,™nd  is  fourteen  mile.  long.  T':;  Walhondin.  cana^  Is  a 
oranch  of  the  Ohio,  commencing  at  the  t"*"  °f/j^««r> '"* 
crossing  the  valley  of  the  Mohlcau.    ItB  length  is  twenty-five 


ir 
a 

V 

t' 

ri 
r 
c 
f 
t 
c 
c 
a 


no   RIVKR. 


Scioto  county,  Ohio,  Is  slt- 
luth  of  the  Scioto  river,  and 
e  Ohio  canal.  Portsmouth 
Ion  for  trade.  b*lng  connect- 
lakes  on  the  north,  as  well 
ts  in  the  State  of  Ohio.  The 
Iso  adds  considerable  weight 

ailway,  connecting  with  the 
irk,  and  now  under  contract, 
e  Maysville  and  Big  Sandy 
road  at  this  place,  also,  mak- 
iges  leave  daily  for  Colum- 
rly,  Chillicothe,  Circlevllle, 
[joints  on  the  Ohio  river, 
iw  in  process  of  erection,  on 
iin  with  dry-docks  for  build- 
3  town  now  contains  a  fine 
jpul,  1  Presbyterian,  and  1 
ree  schools,  one  for  boys,  and 
I  mill,  carding  machine,  two 
bout  40  stores,  and  a  popula- 

1  to  be  seen  the  remains  of 
xcited  considerable  curiosity 

the  first  great  public  works 

e  year  1B35,  and  finished  in 

iraverses  the  entire  length  of 

•r  leaving  Portsmouth  it  takes 

r  the   space  of  ninety  miles, 

its  course  ;  it  then  takes  an 

the  Vftlley  of  the  Tuscawara, 

lin,  passes  through  the  valley 

in    this  direction,  connects 

eugth  is  307  miles. 

ihes.    The  Columbus  branch, 

with  the  main  canal,  is  teu 

anch,  extending  to  Lancaster, 

)ranch  is  an  extension  of  the 

Hocking  canal.     Ita  length  is 

extends  to  the  town  of  Zanes- 

Th"  Walhonding  canal  is  a 

at  the  town  of  Rosooe,  and 

lU.    ItB  length  is  twenty-fiva 


•nilMi  The  Granville  branch  extends  to  the  villiige  of  Grunville, 
and  is  six  miles  long.  The  Eastport  branch  extends  to  the 
village  of  Eastport,  and  is  four  miles  long.  The  pre«,len  branch, 
two  miles  long,  connects  the  Ol.io  canal  with  the  Musku.gum 
rWer,  a  d  thro.lgh  the  .ne..n..  of  locks  and  dams,  with  the  Ohio 
river  at  Marietta  Besides  these,  there  is  the  San.ly  and  Beaver 
canal  which  may  be  considered  a  branch  of  the  Ohio.  It  extends 
from  the  village  of  Bolivar  to  the  .noutl.  of  Heaver  creek,  about 
thbty  miles  below  Pittsburgh.  The  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio 
canal  extends  from  Akron  till  it  meets  a  division  of  Pf"')^'™ 
canal  near  the  town  of  New  Castle.  ^LenfJt '  in  Ohio  7<  miles, 
«nd  lu  Fenusylvania,  8  miles.    Cost  $7b4,.*7J. 


The  following  table  contains  a  list  of  places  and  dintances  on 
Canal  ana  branches,  between  Portsmouth  and  Cleveland: 


the  Ohio 


Jasper, 

Waverly, 

SharonTiUe, 

Chillicothe, 

Deer  Creek, 

CircleTiUo, 

Bloomfleld, 

COLCMBUS, 

Loekbum, 

Columbus  and  Lsncaater) 

road, ) 

Waterloo, 

Carroll, 

Ilavensport, 

Baltimore, 

Millersport, 

Hebron, 

Newark, 

Licking, 

Nasport, 

Frazee«burg, 

Dresden, ' 

Webbsport, 

SUllweU's  I<ooks, 


26 
32 
88 
&2 
61 
76 
83 
03 


7     110 


Newport, 

ETftiishurg, 

New  Comer's  Town, .  •  •  ■ 

Salmljury, 

Babelard, 

Trenton, 

NewCMtle, 

New   Philadelphia, •.•• 

103]  Dover, • 

Jennings'  Bridge, 

Zoar, 

Bolivar, 

Bvthlcbem, 

MA8SILLON, 

Fulton, 

Clinton, 

New  Portage, 

Akron, 

Newberry, 

Old  Portage, 

Peninsula, 

Boston, 

174  I  Tinker's  Creek, 

178  Mill  Creek  Aqueduct,- 
188  I  Clbvkland, 


3  191 

9  20() 


115 
119 
121 
126 
130 
136 
144 
161 
100 

lee 

172 


204 
210 
214 
219 
228 
225  . 
229  •, 
23U. 
8  240' 

3  243 

8  261 
S  267 

9  206 

4  270 
8  278 
0  284 

3  287 

4  291 

8  289 
3  302 

9  311 
6  816 


10  320 


98 


K0UTE8  ON  THK  OHIO  CANAL- 


TUB    HOCKINO    CANAL' 

Cnnueot^e.  count,  .at  of  u'::^-t,  U.  -  ^;,:- -trof 
Boio.n,  »ud  on  the  Un.  of  the  Ohio  c.nal.     lijjon  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^  ^ 

r„rt,„,outh.  an,,  the  ...me  dl.tanoe  '""  "  of  ~b  ,^,^^  ^,^„  „, 

level  Ploto.grou„a,»»«ut  t«,.nt>.fiv      -t    a^>«  ^^^    ^^^^^^^^^^ 

Chiniootho  1.  excolleuf.    »''«  «''"';  ''^.^I'^tlphia  in  thi,  re,p<-et.    Th. 
„«,tin,  at  rl.ht  an.lc.  -;»; -;:;^'     ,  ,^   :  ?'„'  eminent  degree. 
«cn«y  m  th.  vicinity  is  beautiful  »'"' ;"""'  ^.^^  ^    o.^n  Nathaniel 

e,.,,.othe.a3ia.a.,utlnthen.nthof^ 

Mai'Rie,  or.  his  own  land,     lie  «»  „,„i,„„nti.    the  village  improved 

H.  Thu„  by  holding  out  '^^^"-''-'^l^ ^ZT^^  of  govern^.ent  of  the 
„pUlly.  in  the  year  ^>^<^' ^,'>"f'''l'lX^^ ^^^^^  tg>»lat«re  for  two 
N„rlh.we,t  territory  from  ^'"^^XL"^  ^X^T^^o.^,  whU-h  wa.  al»ou«^ 
-^rr;:!::^  -::rrthl  waa.bUllard  U«e  ana 

other  paraphernalia  of  a  f "'»'';"«  '^i-^i^'.^  ,^„„ai„g.    The  conatitutlon  of 
The  old  »'»te-hou»e  finished  in  180ii.ja.  Z  ^^  ^^^^^^^^ 

the  State  of  Ohio  was  frameu  m  this  ^""^"^  Legiri.ture  con- 

,80M.omwhi,htin,eOhiowa.unlnde^^^^^^^^^^^ 

In  the  spring  of  185^  ChUllcotnc  principal  cities  and 

which  a  very  •'-^y -°7*  P.^  ^^S  to  hl-^..^,.'  With  true  Amert- 
to,„.  of  Ohio  ^"'^^"'-l;'^^  ^'^r^,  ,^^^  Lm  it,  BShe.  yet  more  beautiful, 
en  energy  it  has  again,  P''^'*-'^ '*''', ^,^,  ,„..  ^  Methodist.  2  Presbyt*. 

Chimcthe  now  contains  ^,^'''  ""' ;^";\''7.;^,,^„t  Metho,list,  1  Baptist, 
ri„,  I  Associate  Reformed  l'-^^^^/^^'  Xrnan  Methodist,  and  2  Af- 
1  Episcopal.  1  Catholic.  1  German  •>»th«an.  1  U  ^  ,^„,„f  ,„i. 

riea^.  It  has  also  1  "''^'-''^n'flour  mUUand  4  porK  ;acicing  establish- 
CUB  Itlnds,  5  newspapers,  1  bank,  5  fl""^  >"">  ;;„»»,„„  fo/trade.  Being  th. 
„ents.    Ohliiicotheoccuples  an  a^v^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^,,  ,.„ Ohio Hver by 

»naU  *  M«ietU  BaUroad  p..«.  through  thl.  place.  ^      „,„ 


CANAt. 


lAL. 


n   119  mllci!;  to  l,»ncii»ter,  9 
1  inilci-;  to  ArHENS.  15  niUei. 


y,  lion  on  the.  ""t  *"">''  "^  ^^* 
It  in  fortj-flve  ii.lles  north  of 
Columbus.     It  is  nitimtfd  on  • 
Hliove  tho  rivtr.    The  plan  of 
laid  out  brood  unU    utraiKht, 
lilailolphm  in  this  rei.pMt.    Thu 
itic  In  »n  eminent  degree. 
\uRUBt,  1790,  by  Ocn  Nathaniel 
every  one  who  chose  to  settle  on 
migrants,  the  village  improved 
•d  the  seat  of  government  of  the 
,  place.     The  legislature  for  two 
y  log  house,  which  was  also  used 
,  there  was  a  billiard  Uble  and 

St  standing.     The  constitution  of 
on  the  firht  Monday  of  November, 
,dent  state.    The  Legislature  con- 
,  Zanesville  came  in  for  the  honor. 
,>the,  and  iu  181B  Columbus  was 
,  continued  to  be  to  tbU  day,  and 
some  t'mie  to  come, 
most  entirely  consumed  by  fire,  by 
as  lost.    The  principal  ciUes  and 
,  the  sufferers.    With  true  Ameri- 
1  from  its  BSbes  yet  more  beautiful, 
hes,  viz. :  i  Methodist,  2  Presbyte. 
1  r'rotestant  Methodist,  1  Baptist, 
an,  1  German  Methodist,  and  2  Af- 
fc'male  semin-ry,  60  stores  of  vari- 
nills  and  4  pork-pacttlng  establish- 
,.ous  situation  for  trade.    Being  the 
i,d  conneotod  with  the  Ohio  river  by 
lands  a  fair  chance  of  being  an  im- 
00.    Stages  pass  dally  through  the 
,th,  and  Maysville,  Kentucky.    m>» 
krougb  this  place. 


ROUTES  ON  THK  OHIO  CANAt. 


99 


CIrcUvllU,  county  «-at  of  l-lckaway  county,  Ohio,  is  aflourlshlng  town, 
situated  on  the  Ohio  canal  ao.l  Sclol.,  river,  19  miles  north  of  (^h.l  Icothe. 
The  town  1-  built  on  the  site  of  an  ancient  fortlflcatlon,  and  was  laid  out  in 
the  year  1810,  by  Uaniel  Dresbarh.  It  derive,!  Its  name  from  the  circular 
form  of  one  oi  the  ancient  ruins  which  were  found  here  These  rn  ns  have 
long  since  dlsap,».ared  before  the  steady  murch  of  impro,ement.  which  ha. 
marked  the  settlement  of  our  western  country. 

The  Zanesvllle  and  Cincinnati  Uaiiroad,  via  Wilmington  and  Lancrter. 

passes  through  this  place.  „  „      v  .  ..i        i  M.n„vil.t  1 

ClrclcTllle  now  contains  a  fine  court-house.  2  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist,  1 
Lutherw..  1  tlniU'd  Brethren,  and  1  Episcopal  church ;  2  ac«leinles,  4  print- 
ing offices,  1  bank,  30  stores,  and  a  population  of  4,000. 
The  trade  of  CirdevlUe  Is  quit.^  extensive,  and  rapidly  Increasing. 
Three  miles  and  a  half  south  of  CircleviUo  are  situaU-d  the  Pickaway  rfmni, 
»id  to  contain  the  richest  «)il  in  the  state  of  Ohio.  In  ancient  times  thei. 
nialns  were  covered  with  rare  and  beautiful  flowers,  and  a  person  garing  on 
this  garden  of  nature  could  scarcely  believe  they  were  in  a  trackless  wilder- 
ness. It  w«i  on  these  plains  that  the  farfamed  Ind;an  chief,  Logan,  made 
bis  celebrated  speech,  which  is  a  model  of  touching  eloquence. 

Hsibron,  Licking  county,  Ohio,  is  a  small  village  situated  at  the  junction 
of  the  national  road  with  the  Ohio  canal.  Its  situation  renders  it  of  some 
Importance  as  a  depot  for  goods  coming  by  the  way  of  the  national  road  and 
Ohto  canal.    The  population  is  about  600. 

Newark,  county  sent  of  Licking  county,  Ohio,  is  situated  on  the  line  of 

th»  Ohio  canal,  and  the  Sandusky  and  Columbus  railroad.    It  lies  about 

tWity-seven  miles  cast  of  Columbus.    It  was  laid  out  in  1801  by  Ocn.  Schenk, 

George  W.  Burnet,  Ksq.,  and  .lolm  M.  Crfmmings.    The  streets  are  broad 

and  straight,  and  It  has  a  hue  public  square.  ,„.,.,,», 

Newark   contains  3  Presbyterian,   1  Baptist,   1  Kpisropal,  1  Methodist,  1 

German  Lutheran,  1  Welch  Methodist,!  Welch  Presbyterian,  and  1  Catholio 

church;  4  printing  offices,  4  mills  and  factories,  and  about  60  stores.    The 

populi  tion  is  about  4,500.  ^  ,      ^  j 

It  .  connected  with  Sandusky  City  and  Cleveland,  and  with  Columbus  and 

7anesvme.  by  railways  now  in  operation,  and  will  be  connected  with  Ports- 

™outh  anJ  tL  Ohio  river  by  the  Scioto  and  Hocking  Valley  Koad.    It  U  • 

stirring  business  place. 

New  PhlladelphU.  "ituated  on  the  Ohio  canal  and  Tuscnwara  river, 
is  the  county  scat  of  Tuscawara  county,  Ohio.  It  was  laid  out  In  the  year 
1804  by  lo*""  ^'"•••'y  »""  "-ermademnch  progress  until  the  la.t  few  years 
Itllesonahundred  miles  northeast  from  Columbus.  Unowcontam   1  Bapfst, 

1  MeZut"and  I  PresbyUrian  church;  half  a  dozen  .tores,  2  priaUng  office., 

2  mUls,  1  lactory,  and  a  population  of  about  1,600. 


i:'! 


W^^^6*^r^^^^ 


jfl^m^ses^ss? 


100 


BOCTEB   ON   THB  OHIO    CANAL. 


contain,  1    Luth,  r^n.   1    li«,.tl,t,   1  '••I''«-"['' '  '    ,.h,  05  ,t„„.  of 

„.m«  of  John  Baptl«te  >'"""'""  ,„„,  ,„  ^e  .t«U.    The  com- 

,h«t,  It  l«lng  in  one  of  th«  ''''';";  "•"^"^^  ^„j  t^,  ohlo  A  P.nn.yW^ 
„„r.e  U  carried  on  I.,  mean,  »'  '»■    "J-'",;'";";:;  ,»  ,„  „„t,.t  f„.  If  .,«.!- 
nla  Uailroiul  whUh  pa.«e«  through  thlii  place.  gi^'Di 
„e.-eltherhywayofCindnn.tlorPitl,bnrg.  ...»„„,  ,v,rt,.„x 

^Ur.-.oonnty..eatof.nn,n.U.o„nt^O^^^^^^^^^^^ 
„„„  fron,  CleTHlauJ,  at  th«  junrt  on  °''^.^^;°"^„^.^Ji„  „41.    Th. 

Pennsylvania  canal  wa.  ■''^  >';"«^ '"^^  The  bu.lueM  of  the  town 

h„  continued  to  Increase  and  P™;P"J,7;j,'^^„^      „„  „ry  exten.lr.ly. 

..  prloclrally  ™°';-'i'^ ''',;;\';  ^.'^^I,    « ler,a.l.t,  1  Ep.««p...  1  Co- 
Akron  now  contain.  2  B.pti.t.  2  Method"    ,  ^  ^^^    ^^  ^j,,^ 

.regatlonal.  I  «"-"  ^^^^1  .~e  company.  1  ban..  8  new 
,nd  faetorle.,  Ktcral  »'>"',^'°7'' '  '°  ,.  j,  ,o„n„cted,  Tia  Akron  Branch 

''  II.-     «  <^«»  mv<>r    rises  in  Hardin  county,  Ohio,  and 

down  from  a  distance  "/"T  mi"el  and  it  is  one  hundred  nnd 
length  is  one  hundred  and  sixty  mi«;«.  »"«  ^^  ,  ^,,ich  this 

Col-n.1.«,  eounty  «at  of  .ran..l„  -^^y^t:::^^^^^^:,:::^! 
Ohio,  IS  beautifully  situated  on  th--t  ^-^^  "I':','  lo^gitude'sso  3'  from 

r:::ir;orrrr -w...i-dona..>  piot. 


ROriBB  ON  TnR  OHIO  CANAL. 


lUl 


0   CANAL. 

n,  on  tin-  Ohio  rannl  »n(»  Tu»ra<- 
iriil,  iK  ft  liniiil.-nmc  anil  llourilh- 
1,  by  JftUtos  Uunoan,  and  now 
al,  \  I'ri'uhyti'rlftn,  1  Oerman 
Cathollo  cbunh;  2B  "tores  of 
,«,  1  printing  offlcc,  1  bank,  and 

rated  Frcnrh  clergyman,  by  the 
le  of  Maislllon  l«  principally  In 
rcglonn  In  the  i>t«l«.  The  com- 
inal,  and  the  Ohio  A  Penn.yWa- 
B,  giving  It  an  outlet  for  Its  bull- 

rg- 

,  Ohio,  iltnatcd  about  thlrtyelx 
«  Ohio  and  PennpyWanla  eanah, 
d«  the  county  «eat  In  1841.    Th« 

0  year,  and  nince  that  time  Akron 
apidly.  The  bunlnoss  of  the  town 
hlch  It  carried  on  Tery  extenslrely. 

1  V  nlvcrnallit,  1  Bplacopal,  1  Con- 
ithollo  church ;  80  »tore»,  12  mUli 
lurance  company,  1  bank,  8  newt- 
It  la  connected,  Tia  Akron  Branch 
itually,  with  Clndnnatl  »U  Zaae^ 

n  Hardin  county,  Ohio,  and 
nd  empties  into  the  Ohio  river 
iteumboats  but  a  short  distance 
1  stages  of  water  are  brought 
n,ire.l  and  thirty  inilM  lt« 
les,  and  it  is  one  hundred  and 
e  counties  througli  which  this 
rtile  and  highly  cultivated  n 
river  in  siiewliich  lies  wholly 
iig  made  to  render  U  perma- 

,he. 

. .  .  ^     -a.  „-  I  i^M  .tf- 

». 

,  county,  and  capital  of  the  .tate  of 
onk  of  the  Scioto,  ninety  milee  from 
67',  and  west  longitude  83°  S'  from 
[he  city  la  sltuawd  on  a  lerel  plot  of 


"tc^^- ^"o"t  m  the  ycarlHl.,  In  an  unbroken  wIldorneM.  In  ISK. 
th,!l''gU.fvturo  hcM  their  nr«t  «.-lon  here,  and  In  mi  the  county  «>at  wo, 
r,..u,oved  U>  this  plu..  f""'  ^■;';'";';;;|;;;;;,„,  ,„  ,y,,  ..  w,,tern  mU^UlKencer 

rle.,  which,  when- fully  completed,  will  pour  Into  li>Iumbu.  a  tide  of  trarol 
far  surpassing  any  thing  heretofore  thought  ot 

.      -1. .  0  Vsthnliat.  1  German  Methodist,  3 

1  aern,an  Evangelical  ''7'""^"':^  ""fT^  ' 'lucational  purposes,  there 

United  llrethren,  1  Bi^thel,  and  1  Catholic.    For  wlucauonai  p     ^      ' 

a^  «v  r^l  Institutions  enjoying  a  high  n-putatlon    -""«  '»>'•••; ''J» 

well  conducted  piibllc  schools,  and  a  high  school.  ,     ..     ,  .,„,„.,«« 

^ZL  institutions  located  here  are,  the  Ohio  Asyh^m^r  "t™^"- 
of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb;  the  Ohio  Lunatic.  Asylum;  the  Ohio  InsUtution  for 
the  education  of  the  Blind,  and  the  Ohio  Penitentiary. 

ktowo  Asylum  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb.  wa.  ft..nded 
In  the  TcLr  1829.  The  buildings  at,  large  «>d  hand«.me,  and  are  .It.jated 
in  th!  «Xr  of  beauUfnl  grounds,  omwnented  with  flower,  and  shrubbery. 
The  Whole  c^st  of  the. tru^ur.  was  about  $25,000.  ^^  P"/"'- "-^l^^-J 
over  one  hundred,  are  Instructed  in  all  the  branche.of  a  u«>ful  and  practical 

"■TtThlo  Lunatic  A.ylum.-Thi.  noble  monument  of  clvlli»tion  and 
p.;:.rwent  into  operation  in  the  year  1838.  '^"^ ^"'^^f^"^  f ^^^ 
^^two  year.  In  their  completion,  were  commenced  in  1836,  «>d  «)»t  nearly 
tlZ  nJ^  "re  thirty  acre,  of  land  belonging  to  the  institution,  and 
?:mrat«.r.^u"Lg  k  .  part  of  which  U  hand«.mcly  ormunented  with 


:^e;^«^jffi5SEs^s 


^issEsrn^^rs^^!ss«srj?^* 


■■v^i.-„r  iii3:«**^* 


ROUTE   OF   THK   OHIO   RIVKK. 


102 

tun  elm'ingit  In  el.arRe.  The  .tuti,tic,  «l.o^  thai  nearly  one-Ualf  of  th« 
paaltswho  arc  received  within  a  year  of  the  time  aUca«eU,  are  cureU.  Of 
the  cafe,  of  long  standing,  ahoi.t  one  fuurth  are  cured.  ,   ,  ,     ,u„ 

Z^l  luftitvtion  fur  the  education  of  the  l.lind  .a,  founded  in  the 
ylTmi  The  building  is  a  handsome  edifice,  si.  .uted  on  the  natlona  road 
rshort  distance  fron.  the  noise  and  hustle  of  the  eity,  and  surrounded  by  . 
Le  IdeTof  flowers,  shrubbery,  4c.  The  pupils  number.ag  about  ono 
hund'Td  are  taught  in  all  the  branches  of  a  thor«ugh  Knglish  education, 
tith    ns'truction  in  various  mechanical  trades,  lessons  iu  fancy  and  orna- 

Le  f'^mc  ifey  were  sentence.  The  building  contains  300  separate 
een  for  pri'  n  rs.  be'aldes  the  warden's  house,  offices,  and  guard  roo.n.  In 
cells  lor  pr  ,  pfisoners  walk  in  close  order,  all  haTing 

?h  ;M"s  dhlcrd  tow  rTtho'  person  having  charge  of  thSn.  Ev.ry  n.ove- 
their  faces  «';«««'  ,j,^      ^^„„„  <,f  their  labor  yields  an  annual 

„en  is  "»f; '"  P  f;  ';™  t  ■ji8,ooO  There  is  a  chapel  connected  with  the 
S^n^in  >^h  ^th  "T^^^^^^^^^  worship  every  Sunday.  This  the  prl. 
!^  rs  «U  Ittend  There  have  been  many  interesting  results  growing  out  of 
the  mi"!!  ^r"'  of  treatment  pursued  iu  this  prison,  showing  the  supremacy 

°~:lt71u;:!:  «r;a.  of  ^  we,,  inducted  hotel,  as  there  arc  in  the 
,taU  •  the  ;icipal  of  which  are  .he  Neil  House  and  Amencau.  The  fopu- 
lation  of  Columbus  is  about  18,000. 

«inrlnaville,  Greenup  county,  Kentucky,  is  a  small  vinage 

---VhecoX  around  abounds  iu  beds  of  iron  ore. 

Rockville,  Scioto  county,  Oliio,  lies  seventeen  miles  Mow 

*""vanrol>urR,  situated  two  miles  below  Rockville,  in 
T  •  ^!^n.v  Keiituckv  is  a  small  villugo  contuining  four  stores, 
Lewis  county.  KeiuucKy,  '•• "        i„u„i>itanta      Tbere  is  a  quarry 


HIO   RIVER. 


Iti  a  manrcr  hiRbly  creditable  to 
slioT  that  nearly  one-liftlf  of  tha 
if  thf  linii!  disKascU,  ara  cured.    Of 
Lli  arc  cured. 

of  the  llliiid  wad  founded  in  the 
l»iee,  Kit  .ated  on  the  national  road 
e  of  the  eity,  and  surrounded  by  a 
The  pupils  numbering  about  ono 
I  of  a  thorough  Kuglish  education, 
trades,  lessons  iu  fancy  and  orna- 
ippear  to  he  happy  and  contentwi. 
mposing  structure,  with  two  wings, 
ninittins  criminal  otfenwa,  arc  con- 
nc  kind  of  manual  labor  during  the 
The  building  contains  MO  gcparato 
lOUsc,  offices,  and  guard  rooms.    la 
mors  walk  in  close ^order,  all  having 
iTlng  charge  of  them.    Etory  move- 
duce  of  their  labor  yields  an  annual 
There  is  a  chapel  connected  with  the 
rship  cTcry  Sunday.    This,  the  prls- 
y  interesting  results  growing  out  of 
1  this  prison,  showing  the  supremacy 

conducted  hotels  as  there  are  in  the 
eil  House  and  American.    The  p^pu- 


ity,  Kentucky,  is  a  small  vinage 
ith.  It  contains  p  post  office, ' 
Ties,  witli  a  population  of  about 
ids  iu  beds  of  iron  ore. 
Oliio,  lies  seventeen  miles  Wow 
e  containing  only  about  half  a 
.     It  is  of  no  particular  inipor- 

vo  miles  below  Rockville,  in 
tail  village  containing  four  stores, 
0  inliabitants.  Tbere  is  a  quarry 
,m  Vanceburgh,  also  one  of  white 
[  On  the  banks  of  a  small  creek 
ictcnsive  beds  of  copperas,  from 
rticle  are  obtained. 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO    RIVER. 


103 


I      ««.»i«„i.  — Thisisareleliratedwaterlrg-plncp,  sit- 

uld :  ff:::  ■:;: :  v,!::!:.*:,-.^";  some  to  u. ,.,..  to  the  virgima 
-:::;%he  .nation .  ^";--^:- -:— 7::=:;: 

tlons  for  several  hundred  visitor..    The  "»';";" '"5^^,^     „„d„  ,h„„ie 
ers,  and  cjoy  a  high  reputation  among  patients  sun.rliig  u 

discasei. 

Rome,  situated  seven  miles  below  Vanceburg,  on  the  Ohio. 

' V^«r«rd '7e've°tl.i  betw  RolnTis  a  small  village  on  the 
OhTo""Tin'rewl':  county  Kentucky.     It  conta.ns  I  church. 

'  'lUr.;r.S.VjCTttn  miles  below  Concord,  is  a  small  village 
MaiM-llCStcr,  seven  "'"«  j  ^^^  n,aje  here  as  early 

'"  .'I'T/ar'mfby  Gen.  NuthanieTlVlHssie.     It  w^  the  connty- 
^Ml^ZSeZ.%  contains  several  stores,  and  a  population 

of  270.  i„.  miipohelow  Manchester,  Mason  county. 

many  years.  ^\^Y:ult:y^lo  o'.^lTL  land  on  which  the 
bears,  in  '"»">■■  °V''''",,?2r' mnnv  veurs  improved  but  slowly, 
city  was  built-  Ma>J^^^^^^^^  rw'uld^.ever  becLe  a  piac-  of  any 
and  many  F"?'"^"."^^'';''"  nV^  °f  lute  years  it  has  had  a  new  im- 

petitors  .  Tr„ntnrkv.  is  in  course  of  rapid  con- 

our  most  noied  P'O"^"""    .,,    ,        =4^  imposing,  being  built  on  a 

■^"^  ft:::.d"of  IS  :     d  sVrroundTd^y  h^gh  and^recipitouB 

^Ulswh^h  extend    ow'l  so  near  t^he  water's  edge,  as  to  leave 

^^"^'^h:::;^::^'^^^:^^  now  contains  a  hand- 

It  was  incorporuted  f  ^"^''^  "'  '      I'presbvterian,  2  Methodist 

some  city  h«l^  f  £f  f^    Jo"S';^^^^  2  semn.aries 

f^uXicbSM  Fivato'schJols,  a  large  stone  jail,  a  hospital 


'•:i*^?ss*:St^^^ssg3ffi?f:Si^:sE;ssssasK:'5r''*^ 


ROUTE   OF   THE  OHIO    KIVEU. 


104 

couon  t-tof «.  \  "^ir'u,  a  num'e  ous  tu„..eri«f  rope-walk., 
fouiulencs,  3  Urge  mills,  ""'    »  ,.     ,,  a„scriiitioiis,   50 

candle  iactoricH,  und  n"^'=''»"'*^^\„^  'T  „  Ucellaneous  stores,  3 
groceries,  30  dry  g°«d«  stores,  and     5  m^scuu^     ^       ^^^^ 
^ork  houses  packing  ^^f  v«  thons^^  -ad  ot  h  ^U      ^,|^>  ^^^^  ^^ 
und  5  lumber  yards;  w.th  ''_P°P" '""■'""      jo'^„  ^f  Washington 
justice  has  recently  be^'y"«;f„  ^^7^,^  ^\^;"i,,ts  on  U.e  Ohio 

Fleminesbure  and  Mount  sterling.  ■„  D,.„«,n 

village  that  those  runc.^"^"  'l^^^.^'lttr^o  to  have  the  .onnubial 
e„„It  get  tj-e  ~"   °2ry 'oTd'magtt^^^^  here,  who 

kr.ot  tied.     There  is  a  «o"ny  "  b  business;  he,  therefore, 

has  a  great  faculty  f",n"n/"'e  '  ^work  a"  soon  as  a  couple 
asks  no  questions,  but  go=f  ^'g'''  [^  '  ;„  „„«  those  whose 
present  themselves  as  <="  f ''?,^^^*'  J^*;"    f  ic"si  affinity  for  each 

be  w^ll  considered  b«f°>-«  •=7"^"'  mile,  below  Aberdeen,  in 
^"S^^  isT^r^iUage  containing  only 

ishlng  business  town.  I\^''«J"''l  ""^il^  j,^  honor  of  General 
called  Staunton;  '' !^«%«='3;  J^S V  the  settlers  at  this 
Ripley,  a  military  ofticer  h.glily  «7;"  f "^^gj, t,  it  was  the  seat  of 
^l:^ce  tZ^X:  =g1t;rttlb.;,ue.it.y  appointed 

Methodist,  1  New  Light,  and  »  ^^'^°''^7""  ung  office,  1  fouu- 

tobacco  warehouse  ,  6  stores,  -i  nmis,  nevuiai 
and  a  population  of  about  600. 


\ 


I   RIVER. 

paper  printing  offices,  2 
wool  carding  mucliim-,  2 
us  tuniicries,  rope-wulks, 
,H  of  all  descriptions,  jO 
5  miscellaneous  stores,  3 
lead  of  hogs  every  sca«on, 
)n  of  5,501).  Tlio  seal  of 
the  town  of  Wusliington 
roni  all  points  on  tlie  Ohio 
on,  via  Blue  Lick  Springs, 
a  week  for  Lexington,  via 

.osite  Mavsville,  in  Brown 
lagc,  containing  a  church, 
,ut  600.  11  is  to  tills  little 
surrounding  country,  who 
q,  go  to  have  the  .lonnubial 
lagislrate  living  here,  who 
ivn  business;  he,  therefore, 
I  work  as  soon  as  a  couple 
ining  in  one  those  whose 
jt  the  least  affinity  for  each 
1  long  journey,  and  should 

miles  below  Aberdeen,  in 
all  village  containing  only 

.wn  county,  Ohio,  is  a  flour- 
,t  in  the  year  1812,  and  was 
Ripley  in  honor  of  General 
enicd  by  the  settlers  at  this 
lettlement,  it  was  the  seat  of 
I  was  Bubcequeutly  appointed 

an,  1  Associate  Reformed,  1 
lolic  church,  u  high  school,  a 
laper  printing  oA'Cf.  1  f"""- 
id  a  population  of  2,000. 
below,  in  the  same  county, 
a  few  houses,  and  is  of  uo 
worthy  citizens, 
inu,  in  Mason  county,  Ken- 
)ntaining  2  churches,  2  large 
lis,  several  mechanics'  shops, 


ROUTE   OP   THE   OHIO  RIVER. 


106 


There  is  considerable  business  done  at  this  place,  it  being  the 
point  from  which  all  of  the  tobacco  raised  in  the  surrounding 
country  Is  shipped. 

lliKBili<«POrt,  four  miles  below,  in  Brown  county,  Ohio, 
U  aflmTrisl.i.^  village.  It  was  laid  out  but  a  few  years  since, 
and  now  contains  several  churches,  6  stores,  I  grist  mill,  and  1 
saw  mill,  with  a  population  of  about  bOO. 

AniniStn,  situated  four  miles  below,  in  Bracken  county, 
KenlSls  handsomely  situated.  There  have  been  numerous 
huCn  boneVexcavated'  from  the  earth  in  Augusta  proving  it 
toTave  been  a  burial  place  in  times  long  since  gone  by.  A  res- 
denrof  This  town  mentions  having  found  one  hundred  and  ten 
skeletons  In  digging  a  cellar  sixty  by  seventy  feet. 

Auffustacontaini  3  churches,!  large  steam  mill,  12  stores,  3 

beins  the  first  college  ever  instituted  by  that  Church.  For  many 
vearfi  sustained  a  high  reputation,  and  was  considered  one  of 
LTst  oolleges  in  tl^  West.    It  haa  since  been  destroyed  by 

'^  Rocksprinff,  in  the  same  county,  is  a  landing  point,  thre« 
anfa^aWes  b!low.  and  has  two  or  three  houses  only. 

r^hila  or  Mcchanicsburg;,  is  situated  opposite  Rock- 
sprang!  in'Oern^nt  county.  Ohio,  and  contains  several  .tores, 
and  150  inhabitants.  .     i.  . 

stores,  and  about  350  inhabitants. 

MMCOW.  two  miles  below  Neville,  in  the  same  county,  is  a 

VAiut   Pleasant,  is  a  small  village,  also  m  the  same 
roim   J-ieMs**'**'       i,„i„„,  Mnsr-ow       It   now  contains 

'"Belmont,  situated  opposite  Point  Pleasant.  In  Pendleton 
cofnTyTKSky.  is  a  small  village  containing  only  half  a  dozen 
houses,  and  is  of  no  great  importance. 

New  Blchmond,  situated  in  Clermoni  county,  Ohio,  five 
mi?sTlowPo"t  Pleasant,  is  a  thriving  buBlness  town,  a  d^^^^^^ 
largest  and  most  Important  one  In  the  county.  It  £0'«^'"»  ^ 
distUlerles,  2  steam  mills    2  carding   machines,  1  Bapti.t,  I 


•a;~~S^S;^SSP 


loe 


ROUTE    OF    THE    OHIO   niVER. 


Melliodist,  1  Presliylfriiin,  niid  1  Giitliolic  church,  2  schools,  about 
20  storPK,  uiiil  iiiMT  2,01)1)  inhabitiiiils. 

I'a.cslilio,  situ  lU'.l  Jour  ujili-s  bo'uw,  in  the  same  county,  Is 
a  small  villuge  of  coiisiileriihU-  truiie.  There  has  heen  an  exteu- 
give  brick-yurd  started  ut  this  [ilace  lattdy.  The  brick  «re  made 
by  inachiurry,  and  at  a  iiuich  less  cost  than  by  the  old  method  yf 
large  quantities  are  shipped  in  flutboals  to  CInciuuuti.  The  pop- 
ulation is  about  350. 

Tlie  Little  miaml  River,  rises  in  Clinton  coaiity, 
Ohio,  and  empties  into  the  Ohio  river,  eleven  miles  below  Palea- 
line,  and  seven  above  Cincinnati.  It  is  a  beautiTuI  stream  of 
water,  bounded  on  either  side  by  some  of  the  most  fertile  and 
highly  cultivated  land  in  the  state.  Toward  the  mouth  of  the 
stream,  the  land  bordering  on  it  is  low  and  level,  and  is  known  by 
the  name  of  the  "  Miami  Bottoms." 

At  a  place  called  "Clifton,'  about  seventy  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  there  is  a  highly  picturesque  cataract.  The 
channel  is  here  cut  through  solid  rocks,  and  the  water  falls  about 
two  hundred  feet.  The  landscape  which  presents  itself  to  the 
eye  In  this  neighborhood,  is  surpassingly  beautiful.  The  mad- 
dened waters  of  the  impetuous  stream,  foaming  and  boiling  in 
their  wild  career  over  the  rocks  and  down  the  steep  precipice  ; 
the  high  and  lofty  rocks  hemming  it  in,  as  if  to  guard  its  course, 
and  the  calm  and  serene  beauty  of  the  surrounding  country,  form 
a  scene  on  which  one  who  loves  nature  and  her  Gud,  could  ga^ 
with  profound  admiration. 

The  Little  Miami  abounds  in  excellent  fish,  and  is  frequently 
visited  by  parties  who  delight  in  the  sport  of  honkin</  the  finny 
tribe.  The  members  of  the  Cincinnati  Council  have  made  sev- 
eral excursions  to  this  lovely  stream,  in  search  of  pastime  and 
recreation  from  their  toilsome  and  arduous  duties.  Many  at©  the 
anecdotes  related  of  the  adventures  of  the  worthy  "  Queen  City  " 
fathers,  when  they  have  thus  laid  aside  the  high  honors  conferred 
upon  them  by  their  constituents,  and  assumed  the  garb  o{  humble 
Jiahermen. 

California,  Hamilton  county,  Ohio,  is  n  small  village 
recently  laid  out  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Miami. 

Columbia,  situated  two  miles  below,  in  the  same  County, 
is  a  small  town,  containing  a  tan-yard,  ^  lumber  yards,  several 
stores,  and  about  1,000  inhabitants.  The  first  settlement  made  kt 
Columbia  was  in  the  month  of  November,  17H8,  by  a  party  under 
the  direction  ol  Major  Stites,  who  started  from  Limestone  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  a  new  settlement.  In  this  party  there  were 
many  men  of  superior  energy  and  enterprise,  among  whom  we 
may  meution  Col.  Spencer,  Major  Gauo,  Judge  Goforth,  Fruncla 


0  RIVER. 

lie  church,  2  scliools,  about 

low,  in  the  same  countVi  Is 
There  has  heeii  an  exteu- 
lU'ly.  The  brick  «re  niude 
st  timn  by  tlie  old  method  -Jf 
a  to  Cincinuuti.  The  pop- 
rises  in  Clinton  county, 
eleven  miles*  below  Palea- 
t  is  a  beuuliful  stream  of 
ne  of  the  most  Tertile  and 
Toward  the  mouth  of  the 
and  level,  and  is  kuowu  by 

It  seventy  miles  from  thu 
picturesque  cataract.  The 
s,  and  the  water  falls  about 
'hich  presents  itself  to  the 
ngly  beautiful.  The  mad- 
ni.  foaming  and  boiling  In 
down  the  steep  precipice  ; 
n,  as  if  to  guard  its  courae, 
surrounding  country,  form 
re  and  her  God,  could  gaae 

lent  fish,  and  is  frequently 
sport  of  honkini)  the  finny 
lati  Council  have  made  sev- 
I,  in  search  of  pastime  ajld 
luous  duties.  Many  ate  the 
the  worthy  "  Queen  City  " 
e  the  high  honors  conferred 
assumed  the  garb  of  humUe 

,  Ohio,  is  n  small  village 
Little  Miami. 

below,  ill  the  same  county, 
ard,  .t  lumber  yards,  several 
The  first  settlement  made  lit 
nber,  17H8,  by  a  party  under 
irted  from  Liuiestoue  for  the 
t.  In  this  party  there  were 
jnterprise,  among  whom  we 
luo,  Judge  Goforth,  Fruucia 


r 


HOnTE   OF   TIIK  OHIO   RIVER. 


109 


Dinilavy,  Major  Kibbcy,  Rev.  Jolm  Smith,  Jiiiigo  Foste»,  Col. 
Urowii,   Mr.   Hubbell,  Captain  Fliun,  Jacob  Wliite,  and  John 

Kil«V» 

Tlie  villiige  continued  to  prosper  rapidly,  and  for  several  years 
outnumbered  all  its  rivals  in  this  section  of  country  This,  how- 
ever, was  of  short  duration,  as  Uie  settlement  opposite  the  mouth 
of  Licking  proving  to  be  a  far  more  eligible  point,  soon  withdrew 
a  large  portion  of  their  population. 

liCWlbtOlvn,  two  miles  below  Columbia,  in  the  same 
county,  is  a  small  village  containing  a  lumber  yard,  several  stores, 
and  about  100  inhabitants.  This  place  properly  belongs  to  the 
town  of  Fulton,  just  below. 

Jamestown,  opposite  Lewistown,  in  Campbell  county, 
Kentucky,  is  a  small  village  which  was  laid  out  about  four  yeors 
since,  by  Col.  James  Taylor,  of  Newport,  Kentucky,  from  whom 
it  received  its  name.  It  has  improved  very  rapidly,  and  now 
contains  several  stores,  and  a  population  of  200. 

yiarxy  ^i  the  inhabitants  being  mechanics,  work  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river.  For  their  convenience  and  that  of  others,  there 
fs  a  steam  ferry-boat  plying  between  this  place  and  Cincinnati, 
every  few  minutes  of  the  day. 

Fulton,  situated  about  one  mile  below,  in  Hamilton  county, 
Ohio,  is  quite  a  flourishing  town.  It  joins  Cincinnati  on  the 
east,  and  appears  to  be  a  part  of  that  city.  The  business  of 
Fulton  is  principally  steamboat  build'ng.  Ship  building  has  also 
been  carried  on  here  to  some  extent,  for  a  few  years  back,  and  it 
is  thought  that  the  business  in  this  department  will  be  greatly 
increased  in  a  few  years.  Railroad  car  building  is  extensively 
carried  on  here  also.  Immediately  behind  this  place,  and  not, 
more  than  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the  river  bank,  there  are 
numerous  high  and  lofty  hills.  These  hills  are  filled  with  lime- 
stone which  is  quarried  in  vast  quantities  for  building  purposes. 
These  stones  are  composed  of  an  infinite  varitey  of  marine  aul- 
luals,  many  of  which  belong  to  species  now  extinct. 

Fulton  contains  4  churclies,  2  public  schools,  10  ship  yards, 
several  steam  saw  mills,  1  dry  dock,  1  rolling  mill  and  nail  factory, 
1  foundery,  1  planing  machine,  a  number  of  mechanics'  shops 
of  all  descriptions,  about  40  stores,  and  a  population  of  near  3,000. 
The  Little  Miami  Railroad  track  passes  throug.i  Fulton  from 
west  to  east. 

Cincinnati,  county  seat  of  Hamilton  county,  and  the 
largest  city  in  the  Western  States,  stands  on  the  north  bank  of 


'<wtR?vs«,K:::~-f;ri^S^SS3wls-KK^5.i^»* 


ROUTE   OF   TUB  OHIO   RIVKR. 


no ____- 

"~  7C.         '■     M    I  .,    Qoo  G'  30".  and  W .  Long.  84°  27' 

now  bears.  The  'o*"".""";""  /.  ,.  _.,,,i3.  A  short  lime  »fter 
Ludlow,  whicli  wore  Riven  to  settlers,  gr  ti».     A 

,h,H.  Fort  W..hingtan  -s  -f  ;'„  /  l^^.^rf:  and 'com- 
tioned  here,  the  settlemtni  wus  i.      i  j    po,,ulntion  was 

menced  i""easi,.e  very  »I>'J'>-  ^  „  83n  2^1":  i"  IB40. 
?";  '"  1810.  2.540;  \"  'g>  K'.'r  more  tU„  doubled  itself 
Str\h:1J:\e.fyVrs.'''SA;i/ increase  is  unparalleled  .n 

*'^^S-S::r!i,eyabouUw^vemn.inc.cj^^ 

the  Ohio  Kiver.  ii  i»  '"'"  """•  ,  „  ,,  !,„,„„  broad,  and 
larity;  the  ^'-^^f  %'"  ^'\%.:=X /nls  BuUn  t^^^^^  portion,  of 
intersecting  each  other  at  "g''' ""8  f.^/     "  and  built  up.  thewme 

:;uTh°!.£™.°".iigS"»r'',.r,;. .,.,»», .» .1..  »>«» 

months  of  summer.  „.,.„„„  rinrinnati  has  no  equal  in 

By  moans  of  the  nun.erous  «te«mers  which  are  con„„„y  p^    g 

the  Mississippi.     The  trade  is  not,  n"*«*;'v"f°""i"„  importation 

rcorlf  late  years,  that  Co"8re-^H»d  their  eyes  op  «^^^ 
fact,  and  have  contracted  ^""^e  buadlng  oi  „„„„e„t 

which  is  now  i"  course  °f  «°"f  "^"°;*'i^"'Je"ted.  is  the  corner 


rapil 
tliol 
besit 
niilli 
Neai 
now 
The 
of  d 
mur 
Grii! 
T 
Uni( 
ther. 
east 
sepa 
riagi 
men 

CIAT 

com 
T 
of  tl 
T 
and 
oftl 
who 
9th 
Prol 
eaco 
It  is 
cost 


rvKR. 

Hnd  W.  Long.  84°  27' 
nliiiigtoii. 

,  by  Miiltliias  Denman, 

riio  name  first  given  to 

gFBatly  to  the  credit  of 

Iho  beautiful  name  It 

laid  oir  in  loU,  by  Col. 

itis.     A  Bhort  time  after 

(1  a  frurrisoii  being  sta- 

ralively  safe,  and  com- 

00,  the  n0|»ulation  was 

1830,  24,8:10;  in  1840, 

lore  tlian  doubled  itself 

icrease  is  unparalleled  In 

3  miles  in  circumference, 
part  of  it  lying  north  of 
sidcrablo  regard  to  regu- 
3  city  being  broad,  and 
But  in  tbosu  portions  of 
ut  and  built  up,  the  same 
ed.  Cincinnati  Is  encir- 
ch  are  adorned  by  stately 
grounds  attached;  while 
'es  of  ancient  forest  trees, 
ne  citizens,  In  the  sultry 

Cincinnati  has  no  equal  In 
sxception  of  New  Orleans, 
ilch  are  constantly  plying 
:  river  which  rolls  grace- 
everal  canals  and  railroads 
jcted  with  every  available 
Ighly  productive  valley  of 
ever,  confined  to  the  Inte- 
int  of  foreign  imporUtlon 
IS  this  branch  of  commerce 
id  their  eyes  opened  to  the 
ildlug  of  a  custom-house, 
n,  and  will  be  an  ornament 
site  selected,  is  the  corner 
sar  the  business  center  of 
ich  excels  all  others  in  Cln- 
•arrled  on  more  extensW*!? 
world.    The  value  of  pork 


KUL'TK   UK    TllK    OHIO    RIVER. 


If] 


annually  exported  from  Cincinnati,  is  estlmntod  at  $3,000,000. 
This  in  iiot  uhovt',  nltliough  it  may  be  oonsldorably  under  the  truo 
value.  All  other  brandies  of  businesM  are  in  a  prospering  con- 
dition, and  the  totiil  uinoiint  of  ciipUal  invested  in  commercial 
purnuits  is  pstiinuted  ut  $2'i,000,0()(l. 

The  public  levee,  though  large,  is  not  by  half  as  extensive  as 
it  should  be.  During  business  seasons,  when  there  Is  a  good 
Htage  of  water  in  the  river,  bouts  may  be  seen  lashed  side  by  sido 
tliree  and  four  deep.  The  subject  of  purchasing  additional  ground 
and  devoting  it  to  the  purposes  of  a  public  landing  has  been  dis- 
cussed by  the  citizens  and  will  ere  long  be  acted  upon  of  neces- 
sity. 

Manufacturing  Is  also  entered  into  hero  with  great  energy,  and 
employs  a  vast  amount  of  capital. 

Thf  Fratiklin  Cotton  Factory,  erecied  in  1845  by  a  company  of 
rapitaiists  of  Cincinnati,  is  one  of  the  largest  cotton  factories  in 
tlio  West.  Numerous  other  mills  and  factories  are  in  operation, 
besides  fuunderies,  planing  mills,  saw  mills,  rolling  mills,  flour 
mills,  type  founderies,  machine  shops,  distilleries,  &c.,  &lc. 
Nearly  all  kinds  of  machinery  is  driven  by*fcteam,  and  there  ore 
now  over  two  hundred  steam  engines  in  operation  in  this  city. 
The  Cfietnkal  Lalmratory,  for  the  preparation  of  numerous  kindu 
of  drugs,  and  the  manufacture  of  alcohol,  sulphuric,  nitric  and 
muriatic  acids,  U  quite  an  extensive  building.  It  is  owned  by  E. 
Uraselli  &  Co.,  and  does  a  large  ond  lucrative  business. 

The  Fire  Department  of  Cincinnati  is  second  to  none  in  the 
Union  in  point  of  elliciency.  This  Is  probably  the  reason  that 
there  have  been  fewer  large  fires  in  this  city  than  any  other  either 
east  or  west  of  the  mountains.  The  department  is  divided  into 
separate  companies,  each  having  two  engines  and  one  hose  car- 
riage, and  generally  composed  of  respectable  and  worthy  young 
men.  The  whole  is  subject  to  the  direction  of  the  Fire  Asso- 
ciation, which  is  composed  of  members  elected  from  each 
company. 

The  PiiBUC  BmLDiNoa  of  Cincinnati  are  numerous,  and  many 
of  them  handsome  specimens  of  architecture. 

The  Cincinnati  Ooteroatory  was  built  by  public  contribution, 
and  is  a  fine  stone  building,  situated  on  a  beautiful  hill  to  the  east 
of  the  city,  called  Mount  Adams,  in  honor  of  the  late  ex-president, 
who  officiated  on  the  occasion  of  laying  the  corner  stone,  on  the 
9th  of  November,  1843.  The  Observatory  is  the  residence  of 
Professor  Mitchell,  the  prime  mover  in  establishing  it.  The  tel- 
escope is  from  the  manufactory  of  Mentz  &.  Mahler,  of  Munich. 
It  is  an  excellent  instrument,  of  fine  finish  and  vast  power.  Iti 
cost  was  $10,000. 
8 


'W^% 


112 


ROUTl   OF   THB  OHIO    RIVKB. 


The  Mfchai.irn'  InHitulr  \a  n  Bi.lpnclld  biiiUlinR,  silnnted  on  the 
Bonth-wi-xl  corner  of  Sixth  mid  Vino  ntrofls.  It  w««  erectt-a  by 
voluiiturv  BubHcriplioiis  of  tho  cilizeiiH.  'I'lin  dpNiKii  of  the  in- 
(.liliitioii'is  u  iiohle  one— that  of  iinprovin|r  tho  Intell.-ctiiul  con- 
dition of  tlie  worliing  innn.  Tin'  Rroun.l  lloor  ih  iiwd  for  storpi., 
with  the  exception  of  one  large  room.  UHed  im  tt  perinunent  plaoo 
of  exliibilion  for  articles  inimuliictured  by  the  nierlianica  of  llie 
citv.  The  Hocond  story  is  divided  into  severiil  upurtnients,  and 
in 'the  third  story  U  a  fine  lur^e  hall  used  for  concerls.  public 
iiioetines,  &c.  tho  entire  upper  story  is  splendidly  httcd  up 
and  occnpied  as  au  Odd-fellows  Hull.  AtlHched  to  the  institu- 
tion is  a  library  containing  over  four  thousand  volumejsof  uwslul 
and  standard  works  of  every  description.  An  ann.inl  fa  r  for  the 
encourugeiiient  of  the  mechanical  urU,  is  held  in  the  hall  of  the 
Institute.  ,        ,.  .  „r 

The  Masonic  Hall  is  a  fine  edifice,  situated  on  the  corner  of 
Third  ond  Walnut  streets.  It  was  erected  by  the  society  of  t  ree- 
masons  of  Cincinnati,  and  cost  $30,000.  the  f^ »'""■■  .'"'"""''f 
The  lower  story  is  occupied  by  Messrs.  Ellis  &  Morton,  as  a 
banking  house.'  Th^econd  story  is  used  as  a  concert  and  pubUc 
hall,  and  the  third  story  is  occupied  by  the  subordinate  Lodges 
Chapters  of  Royal  Arch  Masons,  and  the  Encampment  of  Kmghts 

"^Tho  G^Jd  Fellows'  HaU,  situated  on  the  north-west  corner  of 
Third  and  Walnut  streets,  is  a  fine  brick  building,  three  stones 
high,  belonging  to  the  Ind.M.endent  Order  of  ^dd  bellows. 

^Tho  Cincinnali  ColUge  Bdifice  is  situated  on  the  cast  side  of 
Walnut  street,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth  streets.  The  front  s 
of  Dayton  granite,  and  presents  a  chaste  and  beautiful  nppear- 
B  ice.  The  building  is  used  by  tho  merchants  as  an  Exchange, 
ad  also  by  the  Yoono  Men's  Mercantile  Librabv  Assoc  at.on. 
This  Association  consisU  of  about  1.250  members,  with  a  hbrary 
of  16,500  volumes,  beside  all  the  principal  Amoricon  and  foreign 

•"The" ^rt  Union  Buddings,  corner  of  Fourth  and  Sycamore 
streets,  is  a  place  of  interest  to  cilizons  and  strangers.  In  tlie 
upper  story  of  the  building,  is  the  gallery  o  the  W^sT^'tN  Art 
Union,  where  the  works  of  some  of  the  most  eminent  artists  m 
the  wJrld  mny  be  seen  at  all  times  This  ■■"ftut'on  was  g^^^t  a 
up  by  subscription-^ach  subscriber  paying  five  do»",  being 
entitled  to  all  the  rights  and  privileges  of  membership,  for  the 
term  of  one  year.  It  is  conducted  on  the  same  P"""  ■"  """Th' 
institutions  in  the  East,  having  annual  drawings  of  P''^"'-  '"» 
entire  lower  floor  U  occupied  by  the  Cincinnati  P"*'-"^"^'''!''^. 
will  probably  remain  here  till  the  completion  of  the  U.  ».  ^u" 


tnm-li 

the  pi 

Till 

come 

(if   C«| 

llnrni 
of  th( 
contH 
holdri 
exper 
know 
hoM," 
servai 
Mr.  1 
Itis  pi 
.Vai 
feet  b 
thisc 
tlie  p( 
sect, 
grout 
Wtdt( 
and  « 
by  eij 
is  rid 
consi 
nriorn 
ters. 
it  hat 

Th 

of  va 

Willi 

The 

Til 
Wesl 
Soule 
Vliapt 

Til 
churc 

'I'll 
street 

Tl: 
Secoi. 

Tt 


RIVEH. 


biiildliii;,  Bitiinted  on  the 
refls.  It  WHS  erecteil  by 
'I'lin  tli.'Ni({M  of  tlie  In- 
in|r  tlin  liitelli-ctiial  con- 
iil  floor  is  iiwJ  for  glorcd, 
iHi'il  118  tt  piTiimiU'iit  place 
by  the  iiU'cbaniCB  of  Ibe 
Httwriil  upurtiiieiits,  and 
ist'd  for  conce.rlH,  public 
y  is  Hplenilitily  fitted  up 
AtlHched  to  the  Innlltu- 
ouoand  volume*  of  useful 
I.  An  annual  fair  for  the 
Is  h«ld  in  the  hall  of  the 

gituatcd  on  the  corner  of 
tod  by  the  society  of  Free- 
)0.  ThH  corner  room  of 
rs.  Ellis  &.  Morton,  as  a 
ted  09  u  concert  and  public 
r  the  subordinate  Lodges, 
B  Encampment  of  Knights 

the  north-west  corner  of 
ick  building,  three  stories 
ier  of  Odd  Fellows, 
tuutod  on  the  cast  side  of 
fifth  streets.  The  front  is 
uste  and  beautiful  appear- 
nerchunts  as  an  Exchange, 
TILE  LiBnABV  Association. 
if»  members,  with  a  library 
;ipal  Americon  and  foreign 

of  Fourtli  and  Sycamore 
•m  and  straneers.  In  the 
dlery  of  the  Western  Art 
lie  most  eminent  artists  in 
Phis  institution  was  gotten 
paying  five  dollars,  being 
res  of  membership,  for  the 
'n  the  same  plan  as  similar 
tl  drawings  of  prizes.  The 
inclniiatl  Post-office,  which 
)nipletion  of  the  U.  S,  Cua- 


ROUTK    OF  TUB   OHIO   RIVER. 


119 


tnm-hou8<>,  wherein  apartments  will  be  especially  fitted  up  for 
the  purpose. 

The  liiiriirt  Hoiitr  Is  a  liirjje  and  eK'gitnt  lioti-l,  situated  on  tho 
corner  of  Third  inul  Vine  streets.  It  wiis  built  by  a  company 
\:(  ciipltiilists  of  this  city,  nnd  was  nuineil  in  honor  of  Judge 
llurnt'l,  one  of  tin-  early  pionrers  of  the  West.  The  whole  cost 
of  the  bulliling,  with  the  ground,  was  $.'»0(»,OflO.  The  building 
contHins  ;t42  rooms,  and  the  furniture  cost  |1 00,000  The  stoeic 
holders  have  leased  it  to  Mr.  A.  B.  Coleman,  who,  from  his  lon|f 
experience  in  the  business,  together  with  his  energy  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  every  thing  appertaining  to  the  duties  of  "mint 
ho»t,"  has  stamped  it  as  the  hotel  of  the  West.  Tho  number  of 
servuiitH  employed  is  172.  The  architect  of  the  building  wa« 
Mr.  Isaiah  Uodgers,  a  gentleman  who  stands  at  the  very  head  of 
Itis  profession. 

Saint  Hetrr's  Cathedral  is  a  splendid  edifice,  200  feet  long  by  80 
feet  broad,  with  a  spire  350  feet  high,  erected  by  the  Catholics  of 
thU  city.  The  corner  stojie  was  laid  in  the  year  IMl,  with  all 
the  pomp  and  ceremony  which  characterizes  this  peculiar  religious 
sect.  'Hie  cost  of  the  building  ulone  was  $100,000;  that  of  the 
ground  was  $24,000  more.  The  architect  v.'bs  the  late  William 
Walters,  of  Cincinnati.  The  altar  is  of  pure  Carrara  marble, 
and  was  executed  by  Chiuppri,  of  Genoa.  The  roof  is  supported 
by  eighteen  Huted  free-stone  Corinthian  columns.  The  celling 
is' richly  and  elegantly  ornamented,  being  of  stucco-work,  and  is 
considered  u  masterly  piece  of  workmanship.  The  walls  are 
adorned  with  several  splendid  paintings  executed  by  the  old  mas- 
ters. The  organ  of  this  church  is  one  of  tho  largest  in  the  West; 
it  has  2,700  pipes,  44  stops,  and  cost  $3,500. 

There  arc  many  other  churches,  hotels,  and  public  building! 
of  various  kinds,  which  deserve  separate  notices,  but  our  limits 
will  not  admit  of  it. 
The  numberof  religious  dcDominntions  in  Cincinnati  is  about  100. 

Tiie  number  of  Mf.thuuisi  Episcopal  churches  is  10,  viz: 
Wtslty  Chapel,  Morris  Chapil,  Asbury  Chapd,  Hamline  church, 
Soute  Clta/iel,  Uetlul  Chafiel,  MiiUy  Chapel,  Christie  Chapel,  Uniun 
Vlmfjel,  '^pewrd,)  and  the  New  Street  church. 

Tile  number  of  Gkrma.n  METiiomsT  Episcopal  is  3,  viz:  First 
diurch,  Second  church,  and  'I'htrJ  church. 

'I'lie  number  of  Methodist  Protestant  is  3,  viz :  the  SixA 
Itreet,  the  Georye  street,  and  the  Elm  street  churches. 

The  number  of  McTiiomsT  Weslkyan  is  2,  viz:  the  First  and 
Second  churches. 

The  uumb«r  of  Catuouc  churches  is  7,  viz :  Saint  Peter'$ 


114 


ROfTI   or   THl   OHIO    RtVEB. 


T 


r,„he,lral   Ihh,  Trwilii,  St  Joseph',,  St.  Mury'i.  St.  rhilmn^ia, 
^;  K' a"S^-/.  St:X..„Ur',.  u,.d  one  or  two  other.  1-  pre 

"^The'nSmS'rof  Nkw  Schoo,.  PaM.YTr.«uN  i.  4   viz:  Second 
Tho  nnn.l>erof  other  Prmbytcrian  churches  )«  5,  viz:  A^memlt 

^   The  nuu.ber  of  Ehhcopa,.  i.  5,  vl/.:  C/'^w*  eAurc  ,  S<.  i  a»«  », 
Trini'tf.  Mw-io/.  cUurch,  and  ono  in  proce«  of  erocllon  for  Rev. 

^\T:t:Zr  of  CoNOR.o,.T,oNM.  i.  4.  viz:  FirH  church    Vim 

^' Thetuntr  of  G.rm.n  REKORMr.o  is  2.  viz:  First  church,  and 

^'tt':;if  of  Un.v«baust  i.  2,  viz:  Fir.t  and  Second  furch 
1  lonumutrui  J  J  SwEDENBOROiAN  church;  i 

Ho«Twhlch  ha.  bepn  previousiy  mentioned,  there  1.  ^^' Broad- 


on  Ma: 

UruadM 
ill  tiie  I 
■l'li«l 
iiig  wh 
Ctiurt-I 
iluwn 

Bit  llUM 

on  Eig 
llie  \\\ 
buililin 
leim  aui 
ti)  Iw  e 
vi<luiili 
by  tlie 
which 
objects 

The 
wpII  s 
Mrdicc 
CuUeyr 
and  aa 

The 
Wood' 
tiniis, 
■cliool 
csteeir 
with  i 
city  ia 
honsa 

llOUSfll 

emplu 
with 
comm 
Rcliolu 
Khool 
tlie  la 
to  ma 
In 
beaut 
burn, 
eafit  o 
tiled 
eor[>o 


ii*».ii,wi    *»<.»-t;gh^y 


RIVER. 


r 


t.  M'iry'i,  St.  rkilmrifla, 
lie  or  two  otlioni  In  pro- 

'irnt  ehurek,  Ninth  ttrttt 
ureh,  and  llie  Wdeh  Bap- 

VTF.RIAN  U  5,  viz:   Firit 
•Jiurch,  Fifth  church,  and 

YTKBIAN  ill  4,  viz:  Stcond 
1  Talifrmelf  church. 
hurches  is  5,  viz:  Aumieiate 
I),  Kfformfil  Frtihyltrian 
AKiociiite  Frenhylerian. 
CKrisl  church,  St.  PauVt, 
acesB  of  erection  for  Rev. 

4,  viz:  Firit  church,  Vint 
Clinton  street  church. 
g,  or  "Camfbkllit*  Bap- 
1  cliurch,  and  the  Church  of 

:  Grrman  church,  Englitk 
German  Proteitant  Evan- 
urch,  and  the  I'nUed  Evan- 

i8  2,  viz:  First  church,  and 

Iz:  First  and  Second  church. 
SwEDENBORGiAN  cliurch;  2 
vied  the  Univemal  Church 
con  ill  the  hall  of  the  We- 
ll any  In  the  Union  In  point 
(ments.    BeBldes  the  Burnd 
.ntioned,  there  Is  the  Brood- 
Second  itreeta;  the  Woed- 
veen  Third  and  Fourth;  the 
troiidway;  the  WalmU  Street 
I  street,  between  Sixth  and 
;li  has  hit-'ly  l)een  enlarged 
1  street,  between  Main  and 
corner  of  Walnut  and  Sixth 
Inut,  near  Fifth  street;   the 
I  street;  the  Wavtrly  Uoutt, 


ROl'TB   or    Till   OHIO    RIVEH. 


116 


oil  Main,  near  the  canal;  tliu  Cincinnati  Hotel,  at  the  foot  of 
Uroadwuy,  recently  rebuilt,  luuklng  it  one  of  the  lurgesl  hotels 
III  llie  elty. 

'I'liere  are  Heverul  linportiint  Public  nnll(lli)(fs  now  constnirt- 
inU  which  will  add  Kfeally  to  the  iippcariiuee  of  the  city.  The 
Cuurt-house  erecting  on  the  «ile  of  the  old  one  which  wiut  biirnud 
ilowii  111  IS49,  oil  Mulii  street,  oppoMite  Court.  'I'lie  Cantnm' 
himsf,  with  ((overninent  otFiceH,  on  the  corner  of  Konrtli  and  Vine, 
Bit  bus  been  previously  meutioned.  The  Cilij  HuiUinfji,  erected 
oil  Eighth  street,  oppo«lte  the  Cutbedrul;  and  last,  nut  least,  la 
tlie  Widow's  Home,  whii'li  Is  located  on  Mount  Auburn.  This 
building  will  lie  what  Us  imiiie  indicates — a  home  for  the  house- 
leiiK  and  friendless  widow.  The  grouml  on  which  the  building  is 
to  be  erected,  wuh  a  gilt  for  that  purpose  by  several  worthy  Indi- 
vi<luals  of  the  city;  and  the  money  to  build  with,  was  subscribed 
by  the  citizens.  The  whole  amount  was  made  up  in  a  few  weeks 
which  goes  far  to  show  that  Cincinnati  is  not  bchlmlhand  In 
objects  of  real  charity. 

The  InstltutlonH  of  lenrning  in  Cincinnati  are  numerous  and 
well  sustained.  There  are  hvo  m(:<llc;d  colleges,  viz:  the  Ohio 
Medical,  the  Eclectic  Medical,  the  liotaiiieo  Mediral,  and  the  Ohio 
Vulleye  of  Dental  Surgery.  These  are  all  flourlBliing  institutions, 
and  as  ably  conducted  as  any  in  the  cmiiitry. 

The  Wesloyan  Female  College,  St.  Xavlcr  College,  and  the 
Woodward  College,  or  High  Scliool,  are  well  regulated  Instilu- 
tiniis,  and  extensively  patronized.  There  are  many  private 
■cliools  and  seminaries,  which  hold  a  prominent  place  in  the 
esteem  of  the  citizens;  but  there  are  none  which  are  looked  oa 
with  so  much  pride  'is  the  Common  or  District  Schools.  Tho 
city  Is  divided  into  fourteen  school  districts,  each  having  a  school 
house  capaole  of  accommodating  five  hundred  pupils.  The 
houses  are  built  of  brick,  three  stories  high.  There  are  now 
employed  in  the  common  schools  of  Cliicinniitl,  147  teachers, 
with  7,000  pupils  In  dully  attendwice.  In  connection  with  tho 
common  schools,  there  Is  a  Central  Hu/h  School,  to  which  those 
scholars  who  have  made  sufficient  advancement  in  the  district 
kchoola,  are  sent.  They  here  have  an  opportunity  of  studying 
the  languages  and  the  higher  branches  of  science.  It  Is  deslgneil 
to  make  this  school  equal  to  the  best  eastern  academics. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati,  there  are  many  handsome  and 
beautiful  locations.  The  principal  of  which  are  "  Mount  Au- 
burn,"and  "Walnut  Hills,"  two  delightful  villages  lying  north  and 
east  of  the  city.  They  were  formerly  separate  and  distinct  from 
the  city;  but,  by  vote  of  the  citizens,  have  been  taken  into  the 
corporattea.    Oa  Waluut  Hill*  is  situated  Lan*  Stmnari/,  wblnh 


'^''?•;•'!?7^?■C^ 


1 


I 


.._i' 


If 


116 


ROUTE    OF    THE    OHIO    RIVER. 


ranks  high  as  a  theological  school.  It  is  iinaer  the  patronage  of 
the  PrK8l)yli'riaii  Cliurch.  Tlif  library  contuiiis  over  15,000  vol- 
umes. ThL'  Baptists  liave  a  Tlu'olo^rjcal  Seminary,  also,  at  Fair- 
mount,  a  suburban  village  lately  grown  into  notice,  on  the  west 
of  tho  city. 

About  live  miles  to  tho  north-west  of  the  city  is  Sprinci  Grove 
Cemi'tenj.  It  is  now  becoming  tlie  principal  burial  place  lor  per- 
sons living  in  and  near  Cincinnati.  It  is  a  beautiful  place,  well 
laid  out  and  adorned  willi  shade  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  com- 
prising about  'J50  acres,  a  large  portion  of  wliicli  is  still  covered 
with  native  forest  trees. 

The  Water-worlis  of  Cincinnati  is  an  object  of  some  interest. 
The.  water  is  forced,  by  means  of  powerl'ul  steam  engines,  from 
tlie  river  on  to  a  hill,  about  tifty  rods  distant,  and  near  two  hun- 
dred feet  above  the  level  of  the  lowest  jmrt  of  the  city  ;  it  is  then 
conducted,  by  means  of  iron  pipes,  through  all  the  principal  parts 
of  the  city;  thus  afFordii.g  a  full  supply  of  excellent  water  to 
every  inhabitant. 

Tho  city  is  lighted  with  gas  by  the  Cincinnati  Gas  Light  and 
Coke  Company. 

The  charitable  institutions  of  Cincinnati  are  not  numerous; 
yet  her  citizens  are  ever  ready  to  exercise  that  godlike  virtue 
whenever  occasions  dema«d.  Honco  the  destitute  are  so  well 
provided  for  through  private  channels,  as  to  have  but  little  need 
of  public  charity.  There  are,  however,  a  hospital  and  lunatic  asy- 
lum, a  pest-house,  four  orphan  asylums,  a  widow's  home,  house 
of  correction,  and  a  poor-house  with  a  large  farm  attached.  The 
last  two  area  few  miles  beyond  the  corporate  limits  of  the  city 

Within  the  city  of  Cincinnati,  tiiere  are  a  number  of  worthy 
benevolent  societies,  wliich  owe  their  existence  to  the  philan- 
thropy of  the  ladies.  These  societies  are  daily  scattering  the 
blessings  and  comforts  of  this  life  among  those  who  need  them. 

The  I'ublic  Markets  of  Cincinnati  are  six  in  number.  The 
houses  are  usually  one-story  buildings,  about  three  hundred  feet 
long,  the  roofs  of  which  rest  upon  brick  pillars  about  eight  feet 
apart.  The  markets  are  well  supplied  with  fruits  and  vegetables 
raised  in  the  adjacent  country,  together  with  fish  and  meats  of  all 
kinds.  Fruits  and  butter  always  find  a  ready  sale,  and  command 
good  prices. 

There  are  eight  daily  papers  in  Cincinnati,  viz.:  iM  Gazette, 


m  West,  Watchman  of  the  Valley,  Star  in  Me  West,  Columbian  if 
Great  West,  Wtttern  Fountain,  Christian  Herald,  Wetttm  W««- 


itai 

Ai- 
1 
chu 
tun 
tht 

mi 
ex 
pri 
Li 
lai 
& 
th 
k> 
ri( 
of 
to 
ai 
to 

Pl 
ac 

Q 

ti 

tj 
«i 
b 
tl 
fi 
Ic 
li 
ii 


j_Xt!SBE*«aS»»«*=>'«<S=«-'»*'' 


mo   RIVER. 


ROUTES    ON    THE   OHIO   CANAL. 


117 


It  is  iin-ier  the  patronage  of 
iiry  contains  over  15,000  vol- 
laical  Seminary,  also,  at  Fair- 
}wn  into  iiutiue,  ou  the  'n'est 

it  of  the  city  is  Spring  Grave 
principal  burial  place  lor  per- 
il is  a  beautiful  place,  well 
■es  anil  shrubbery,  nud  coin- 
tiou  of  which  is  still  covered 

is  an  object  of  some  interest. 
)Owerl'ul  steam  engines,  from 
Js  distant,  uiui  near  two  hun- 
.'st  i>art  of  tliB  city ;  it  is  thea 
through  all  the  principal  parts 
supply  of  excellent  water  to 

iie  Ciucinnati  Gas  Light  aud 

incinnati  are  not  numerous; 

exercise  that  godlike  virtue 
100  the  destitute  are  so  well 
lels,  as  to  have  but  little  need 
er,  a  hospital  and  lunatic  nsy- 
unis,  a  widow's  home,  house 
1  a  large  farm  attached.     The 

corporate  limits  of  the  city 
here  are  a  number  of  worthy 
heir  existence  to  the  philan- 
!ties  are  daily  scattering  the 
mong  those  who  need  them. 
ati  are  six  in  number.  The 
igs,  about  three  hundred  feet 
brick  pillars  about  eight  feet 
led  with  fruits  and  vegetables 
ther  with  fish  and  meats  of  all 
nd  a  ready  sale,  end  command 

Cincinnati,  viz.:  the  Oazellt, 
rciat,  Atlas,  Sun,  Cilixen,  and 
f  these  issue  weeklies.  'I'here 
which  are  the  I'rKubyierian  of 
Star  in  the  West,  Columbian  if 
ristian  HertM,  WetUm  Qtn»' 


,ian  Advocate,  Clirixtian  Apologist,  (German  Methodist,)  and  Cath- 

'^Sellhese,  thero  are  seven  monthly  publications,  viz.:  Bu- 
chanan's  Journal  of  Man,  TUe  Eclectic  Uedxcal  Journal,  the  Bo- 
tamco-Mnlico  Journal,  The  Hes^rw,  Lancel,  the  Masomc  Reww, 
the  Ladies'  ReposUory,  and  a  HorlicullurnI  journal.  .  .  .    ,  , 

There  are  two  canals,  the  Miami  and  W^hitewater,  which  ter- 
minate at  Cincinnati.  The  forn.er  lies  wholly  witm.  th«  s'at«. 
exte.idine  from  Lake  Erie  to  the  Ohio  rivorj  but  the  latter  li^s 
principally  in  the  State  of  Indiana.  Besides  these,  there  is  ti.e 
Little  Alia.ni  Railroad,  connecting  with  the  Colun.bus  and  Cleve- 
land road  at  Xenia,  the  Hillsboro  road,  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton 
&  Dayton  road,  connecting  with  an  extended  system  of  roads 
through  huliana,  at  Hamilton,  and  the  Mad  River  road  to  S^^'id"*- 
kv  City  at  Uavtoii.  All  of  these  lines  have  exten.siye  tributa- 
ries. There  are,  also,  in  progress,  and  will  soon  be  finished,  lines 
of  road  to  all  parts  of  Oliio— to  Lexington  and  Louisville,  Ky.— 
to  St.  Louis,  through  southern  Indiana  and  Illinois— to  Inuian- 
upolis,  via  Lawrenceburir,  aud  to  Chicago,  via  Han.illon  and  Ea- 
tin,  Ohio,  and  Logansport,  Indiana.  Aud  when  these  are  com- 
pleted, Cincinnati  will  possess  advantages  which  must  neceaiari  y 
add  much  to  her  wealth  and  importance,  and  make  her  truly  the 
Queen  and  Stab  CiTV  OF  THE  West.  ,   ,     <^u-      •     .  .. 

Newporl,  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  at 
t.  ,  mouth  of  Licking,  is  opposite  Cincinnati,  in  Campbell  coun- 
ty, Kentucky.  This  town  progressed  very  slowly  for  a  long  time 
after  it  was  ilid  out;  but  during  the  last  five  years  "g«  "f^"''""* 
have  been  made  to  it.  Several  hundred  acres  of  laud  adjoining 
the  old  town,  which  but  a  few  years  since  were  covered  with 
fields  of  corn,  have  recently  been  laid  out  in  lots,  upon  which  a 
large  number  of  buildings  have  already  been  erected.  It  is  about 
to  Be  conuected  with  Covington  by  a  fine  bridge  over  tlie  Lick- 

'"Newp'ort  is  rapidly  increasing  in  population  and  wealth,  and 
her  commerce  and  manufactures  have  more  than  doubled  within 
the  period  of  five  years.  The  town  contains  a  number  of  churches, 
several  schools.  Odd-fellows'  and  Masonic  Lodges,  a  large  num- 
ber of  stores,  mills,  factories,  ami  shops  of  all  kinds.     Population. 

""ai  the  mouth  of  Licking  there  is  an  old  United  States'  recruit- 
ine  station;  the  buildings,  mostly  of  bric'i,  have  recently  been 
rebuilt  iu  a  substantial  and  handsome  manner.  The  'naiisioii  of 
the  late  Gen.  James  Taylor,  situated  near  the  bank  of  the  Ohio, 
about  half  a  mile  east  of  the  Licking,  on  a  ««'»''"f'».  •"'»"' " 
litUfi  abr  la  the  general  level  of  the  town,  is  one  of  the  finest 


M 


'  ^s^^^f^S**?^^"*' 


»  ^  ii5^^-V|*;..**-|j*;5«i 


118 


ROUTE   OF    THE   OHIO    RIVER. 


private  residpiices  in  tlio  West.  Thore  are  several  ncros  of  ground 
iittiiclied  to  (ho  building,  the  greater  portion  of  wliich  is  laid  out 
and  oruaiuented  with  shrubbery,  in  u  most  beautiful  inanuer. 

Alexnnrtrln,  county  seat  of  Campbell  county,  Kentucky,  it  sltunted 
About  ihirtoon  miles  south-enst  of  Newport.  It  Is  a  small  Tillage,  of  very 
little  importauce,  pavo  that  derived  from  the  anscmblage  of  the  concentrated 
legal  wi«dom  of  the  county.  It  contains  a  court-house,  soToral  stores,  and  a 
population  of  200. 

UekillK  Bivcr.  —  This  is  a  very  remarkable  stream, and 
with  but  little  expense  could  be  made  of  immense  value  to  the 
state.  It  is  usually  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  yards  wide,  with 
high  steep  banks,  and  in  many  places,  even  in  low  water,  is  more 
than  thirty  feet  deep.  The  average  depth  for  sixty  miles  above 
,  its  mouth,  during  two-thirds  of  the  year,  except  on  the  ripples, 
will  no  doubt  exceed  eight  feet.  It  is  generally  muddy,  with  but 
very  little  current.  The  shores  are  covered  with  large  forest 
trees,  whose  giga  'ic  limbs  almost  touch  each  other.  The  state 
commenced  some  years  since  to  improve,  by  means  of  locks,  (a 
thing  which  could  easily  be  accomplished,)  the  navigatiou  of  Uiis 
river.  Several  locks  were  built,  and  a  large  quantity  of  stone 
for  others  is  now  lying  in  sweet  repose  in  the  bottom  of  the  river, 
never  to  be  again  disturbed  so  long  us  the  state  maintains  its 
present  position  with  regard  to  internal  improvements. 

During  high  water,  light  draught  steamboats  can,  without  dif- 
ficulty, ascend  fifty  or  sixty  miles.  This  river  rises  in  the  Cum- 
berland mountains,  Floyd  county,  Kentucky,  and  after  pursuing 
a  north-westerly  course  of  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles,  empties 
Into  the  Ohio  opposite  Cincinnati. 

There  are  many  small  streams  called  Licks,  which  empty  into 
this  river,  and  whose  waters  are  highly  prized  throughout  the 
ijnited  States.  The  principal  of  these  are  situated  in  Nicholas 
county,  and  are  known  as  the  Blue  Lick  Spri.nos.  The  water  is 
found  to  contain  sulphureted  hydrogen,  carbonic  acid,  muriate  of 
Boda,  muriate  of  magnesia,  muriate  of  lime,  sulphate  of  lime, 
sulphate  of  soda,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
Several  thousand  barrels  of  this  water  are  annually  exported. 
Connected  with  the  springs  are  fine  accommodations  for  visitors. 
The  main  hotel  is  six  hundred  and  seventy  feet  in  length,  and 
three  stories  high.  Thousands  from  the  West  and  South  vUit 
this  place  during  the  summer  months.  The  action  of  the  water 
upon  the  system  is  purgative,  diaphoretic,  and  alterative,  and  for 
some  diseases  is  highly  recommended. 

CtfVintKton,   Kenton  county,   Kentucky,   (see  note,)   » 
beaatifuUy  sUufited  on  the  Ohio  and  Lacking  riven,  oppssM*  0» 


ubllc 

places 

from  I 

nuti. 

the  sar 

udd,  w 

the  sit 

vast  ci 

Burrou 

hight. 

'i'he 

Pri'slij 

one  la 

acader 

tern  I 

high  1 

Burrou 

very  1 

l.ouis' 

The  d 

the  Bi 

is  bea 

It  is 

The  ] 

raent 

of  th< 

time, 

kind. 

with 

Th 

Covii 

The( 

aveni 

Th 


plonw 
Fauqi 
tbiiri 
thani 
derfnl 
youUi 
called 
enUgl 


-^-^^m^ 


I 


ilVER. 

several  noros  of  ground 
oil  of  wliich  is  laid  out 
9t  beautiful  inanuer. 
nty,  Kentucky,  is  sltu»ted 
t  is  a  small  Tillage,  of  very 
cmhlage  of  the  concentrated 
rboaae,  several  stores,  and  a 

remarkable  stream, and 
if  inimenso  value  to  the 
indrod  yards  wide,  with 
ea  iti  low  water,  is  more 
th  for  sixty  miles  above 
r,  except  on  the  ripples, 
iicrally  muddy,  with  but 
■verod  with  large  forest 
1  each  other.  The  state 
B,  by  means  of  locks,  (a 
I,)  the  navigation  of  this 

large  quantity  of  stone 
1  the  bottom  of  the  river, 

the  state  maintains  its 
mprovements. 
nboats  can,  without  dif- 
3  river  rises  in  the  Cum- 
icky,  and  after  pursuing 
lud  eighty  miles,  empties 

jIcks,  which  empty  into 
r  prized  throughout  the 
are  situated  in  Nicholas 
:  Sprinqs.  The  water  is 
carbonic  acid,  muriate  of 
lime,  sulphate  of  lime, 
,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 
r  are  annually  exported. 
}mmodations  for  visitors, 
renty  feet  in  length,  and 
lie  West  and  South  visit 
The  action  of  the  water 
ic,  and  alterative,  and  for 

entucky,   (see  note,)   it 
;kiiig  riven,  oppMM*  0» 


nOUTB    OF    THB   OHIO    RIVER. 


119 


ubllc  landing  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  one  of  the  most  important 
places  in  the  state.  The  streets  ar  regularly  laid  out,  and  viewed 
iroin  a  distance,  appear  to  be  o  continuation  of  those  of  Cincin- 
nati. This  city  is  bounded  south  and  west  by  a  continuation  of 
the  same  range  of  hills  that  surround  Newport,  and  we  might 
add,  were  It  not  for  the  passage  of  the  Ohio  and  Licking  rivers, 
the  sites  of  Newport,  Covington  and  Cincinnati  would  form  one 
vast  circular  valley  of  more  than  twelve  miles  in  circumference, 
surrounded  by  hills,  varying  from  two  to  three  hundred  feet  iu 

"The  public  buildings  of  the  city  are  2  Methodist  churches,  I 
Pri'sbyterian,  1  Baptist,  1  Christian,  1  Episcopal,  and  2  Catholic; 
one  largo  city  hall,  which  stands  iu  the  public  sqnare,  2  female 
academies,  2  common  and  several  private  schools,  and  the  Wes- 
tern Baptist  Theoloijical  Institute.  This  college  is  situated  on  a 
high  point  of  «ho  city,  about  a  mile  from  the  Ohio  river.  It  w 
surrounded  by  beautiful  grounds,  is  richly  endowed,  and  is  in  a 
very  flourishing  condition.  The  Covingtou  &  Lexington,  and 
Louisville  &  Covington  Railways  have  their  termini  in  this  city. 
The  depot  of  the  former  is  upon  grounds  formerly  belonging  to 
the  Baptist  Institute.  The  female  seminary  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Orr 
is  beautifully  situated  on  the  bank  of  Licking,  in  a  retired  place. 
It  is  surrounded  by  fine  grounds  for  exercise  and  promenade. 
The  Licking  Iron  Works,  on  Licking  river,  is  a  fine  establish- 
ment for  the  manufacture  of  bar,  sheet  iron,  &c.  The  business 
of  the  establishment  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  will,  no  doubt,  in 
time,  equal  any  of  the  Pennsylvania  manufactories  of  a  similar 
kind.    Three  steam  ferries  keep  up  a  constant  communication 

with  Cincinnati.  ,   ,   ..      .         -i     u    i     * 

The  LiNDES  GROvfc  Cemetery,  situated  about  a  mile  back  of 
Covinitton,  is  a  lovely  place  for  the  repose  of  the  silent  dead. 
The  ground  is  level  and  beautifnlly  ornamented  with  trees.     1  he 
avenues  are  narrow  and  intersect  each  other  at  right  angles. 
The  populatiou  of  Covington  is  12,000. 

Hotel* 
Kenton  eonnty  Is  namer'  In  honor  of  Qen.  Simon  Kenton,  one  of  the  early 
pioneers  of  Kentucky  and  of  the  West.  Gen.  SraoN  Kehion  was  born  In 
Fauquier  connty,  Virginia,  on  the  18th  of  May,  176S.  The  adventures  of 
this  riogolar  nun  appear  more  like  the  imaginings  of  a  writer  of  romance, 
than  the  etenU  of  real  life.  His  career  teems  with  Incidents  of  a  most  won- 
derfnl  ud  romantic  character.  But  these  ended,  in  a  measure,  with  his 
youth.  After  spending  his  life  In  the  servioe  of  bis  adopted  sUte,  he  was 
called  upon,  in  his  old  age,  to  mourn  over  the  legal  acts  of  our  soKiaUed 
•aUgbtmad.amd  Christian  sodetor. 


■-  ?T.&'s»'gi!ggs?i»a'-t'ir! 


II  f*'i'.,»a\y*'^i**gj.i;M'jj.^ 


120 


ROUTE  OF   THK   OBIO   RIVKR. 


At  the  age  of  sUteen,  having  got  Into  difflculty  with  a  young  man  bjr  the 
nam«  of  Veaeh,  about  a  young  lady  with  whom  it  app-^ars  ho  wa.  enamorod, 
ho  encounU^red  hi.  rival  in  a  retired  spot,  and  beat  him  unmercifully,  m 
much  m  that  he  thought  he  had  killed  him.  Horror-struck  at  the  thought 
of  being  a  murderer,  he  immediaU^ly  fled,  and  to  this  circumstance  la  Ken- 
tucky indebted  for  one  of  her  noblest  and  truest  defenders. 

He  remained  in  the  western  wilds  for  the  period  of  thirteen  years,  engaged 
In  the  various  struggles  with  the  savages,  and  always  holding  a  prominent 
place  under  the  command  of  Boone,  Clarke,  and  others.    He  was  generally 
employed  as  a  spy  or  guide,  havinr,  from  his  expertness  and  knowledge  of 
the  country,  become  invaluable  i-,  that  capacity.    He  suffered  many  hard- 
ships,  and  among  others,  capuvity  by  the  savages;  but  it  is  probable  that 
hi.  remorse  of  conscience,  MIeving  himself  a  murderer.  WM  greater  than 
.11  his  other  sufferings.    Who  then  can  depict  his  joy,  when  In  the  year  1782, 
he  heard  that  his  father  yet  lived,  and  also,  that  young  Veach  whom  he 
thought  he  had  murdered  ?  On  hearing  this  news  he  immediately  determined 
to  relurn  home,  and  bring  hi,  father',  family  to  the  West.    PU  father  died 
before  reaching  Kentucky.    Kenton,  during  his  career  in  » Je  ^.u^ad 
«;cum«lated  several  valuable  tracts  of  land,  on  which  he  determined  U> 
hulld  up  settlements.    A.  the  country  began  to  fill  up.  and  land  to  increa«. 
m  value,  .peculators  from  the  East  began  to  arrive,  and  before  Kenton  wa. 
aware  of  it.  he  found  his  land,  dwindling  away  like  the  .now.  of  winter 
before  the  summer's  scorching  rays,  scarce  leaving  him  a  pl««.  to  lay  hi. 
furrowed  head.    In  Kentucky,  that  state  for  which  he  h«l  suffered  «.  much, 
and  for  who«,  welfare  he  h«l  toiled  and  bled,  he  "■" '°»"'"°«' /"'f "''^' 
What  a  lasting  disgrace  to  the  state.    It  would  he  better  to  let  ^Ith. 
.windier,  in  Christendom  go  free,  than  that  one  gach  man  u  Simon  Kwtoic 
.hould  be  disgraced  by  imprisonment  for  debt.  ,    ^        ..         .„ 

In  1602  he  moved  to  Ohio,  where  he  resided  in  poverty  and  obwurlty,  until 
the  year  1813,  when  he  again  went  forth  to  meet  the  foe  at  the  battle  of  the 
Thame..  After  the  battle,  he  returned  to  his  cabin  home  In  Ohio,  and  dwelt 
In  complete  retirement  until  hi.  death,  which  occurred  In  the  month  of  April. 
18S6,  at  the  age  of  eightyn^uo  years.  HI.  grave  may  be  seen  about «« in  lies 
ftom  Bellefontmne,  Ohio.  It  I.  surrounded  by  a  rude  picket  fence,  now  fallen 
to  pieces,  and  over  it  is  a  small  slab,  having  in^ribed  on  it  bi.  nam..  pl«» 
of  birth,  and  death.    So  re.t  the  brave. 

The  l.alonlB  Springs,  about  four  mile,  reuth  of  Covington,  have 
good  accommodations  for  visitors,  and  being  but  an  hour",  ride  fifom  Coving- 
ton, are  much  frequented  during  the  summer  month.. 

Independenoe,  county  .est  of  Kenton  eounty,  Kentucky,  ta  a  mall 
tlUage  .ituated  about  ten  mile.  fVom  Covington.  It  eontaiaa  •  toaiMwM. 
ehnicb,  po»t  office,  leveral  .tore.,  and  about  160  inhaUtutt. 


Tr 
Vi 
N< 
H 

Tl 
Gnt 
Ji 
A 
81 
Ii 
h 

r 

A 

II 
\ 


dlTKR. 


r 


;y  with  »  young  man  bjr  the 
it  appi^arB  ho  WM  enamorod, 

beat  him  unmercifuily,  »o 
orror-struck  at  the  thought 
.0  this  circumstance  ii  Ken- 

Aettnden. 

1(1  of  thirteen  years,  cngaRCcl 
always  boldint;  a  prominent 
1  others.  He  was  generally 
xpertness  and  knowledge  of 
ty.  He  suffered  many  hard- 
gos;  but  it  is  probable  that 
murderer,  was  greater  than 
is  joy,  when  In  the  year  1782, 
;hat  young  Vcach  whom  he 
•8  he  immediately  determined 
to  the  West.  Vl»  father  died 
lis  career  in  the  West,  had 
on  which  he  determined  to 
>  fill  up,  and  land  to  increase 
rriye,  and  befbre  Kenton  was 
ray  like  the  snows  of  winter 
sTing  him  a  place  to  lay  hl» 
hich  he  had  suffered  so  much, 
,  he  was  imprisoned  for  debt  I 
)uld  he  better  to  let  all  the 
0  such  man  u  SmoM  KurroR 

n  poverty  and  olxcurity,  until 
set  the  foe  at  the  battle  of  the 
cabin  home  in  Ohio,  and  dwelt 
ccnrrcd  in  the  month  of  April, 
e  may  be  seen  about  llTe  miles 
a  rude  picket  fence,  now  fallen 
iscribed  on  it  bis  name,  place 

liles  south  of  Covington,  have 
ut  an  hour's  ride  ttom  Coving- 
months. 

t  eounty,  Kentucky,  is  a  tmall 
mt.  Itoontaiaaatowt^MM. 
50  inhaUtuitt. 


R0UTB8  ON  THK  MIAMI  CANAL. 


121 


The  miami  Canal,  connecting  the  Ohio  river  and  Lake 
Erie,  descends  to  the  level  of  the  Ohio  ul  Cinciniiuti,  by  means  of 
locks  This  woa  the  second  greut  work  of  iiiteriml  improveiiion*.  n 
the  state.  The  cuniil  is  one  lunuired  and  eighty-one  miles  in  leJiKlh, 
about  four  feet  deep,  and  forty  feet  wide,  and  cost  $.),. 50,000. 
The  Warren  canul  is  a  branch  of  the  Miami,  about  twenty  miles 
iu  1  .iiirth,  extending  from  Middletown  to  Lebanon. 

Above  Dayton,  for  the  distance  of  U3  miles,  the  canal  is  known 
as  tl.c  Miami  Extension.  It  here  forms  a  junction  with  the 
VVulash  and  Erie  canal,  and  thus  connecU  with  Luke  Erie. 

TlM  following  table  shows  the  relative  distances  of  the  principal  towns  on 
these  canals,  from  Cinciunati  to  Toledo : 


Miami  CaiiaU 

I.a:ikland, 

Hamilton, 

Mlildletown, 

Fnihklin  

'Miamlsburg, 

Ufjton. 

Jfuiiiit  ErUnsion. 

Troy, 

Hqa«, 

Newport, 

Minster, 


15 
IS 
14 
6 
fl 
12 


8t.  Mary's, H 

Deep  Cut 12 

Junction, 3S 

Wdbaih  and  Erie  OanaX. 

9 

, 10 


22 

90 

8 

93 

19 

114 

9 

1-23 

Fare,  fi  60. 


Defiance, 

Florida, 

Napoleon, 

Damascus, 

Providence, 

Waterviile,-.-- 
Maumee  city,  •  •  • 

Toledo, 

Time,  56  hours. 


11 

6 

10 


184 
14« 
181 

190 
200 
208 
217 
223 
234 
240 
250 


The  following  is  a  table  of  distances  on  the  Wabash  and  Krio  canal,  from 
Cincinnati  to  Lafayette,  Indiana : 


Junction, 

Antwerp, 

State  Line, 

Indiana  City,  la,. 

Lewistown, 

Font  Watme, — 

Aboite, 

Huntington, 

Wabash, 


181 

14 

4 

3 

4 

11 

12 

16 

20 

Fare,  $10  00. 


Peru 

I^wisburg," 
logansport,- 
Lockport,  •  •  ■ 
CarroUton,- ' 

Delphi, 

Amerlcus,  ■■ 
Lafayette," 


195 
199 
202 
200 
217 
229 
245 
265 
Time,  about  3  days. 


15 

280 

8 

288 

8 

290 

16 

311 

1 

317 

6 

322 

8 

830 

10 

840 

I.ocfcIand,  is  a  small  village  on  the  Mian--,  canal,  about  flftoen  miles 
from  Cincinnati,  iu  Hamilton  county,  Ohio.  There  are  several  mills  in  ope- 
raUon,  which  serve  to  give  an  air  of  industry  to  the  place.  It  contains  a 
*w  stores,  and  about  140  latohitantt  Xh.  wnal  looks  at  this  pUce  afionl 
txoeU«nt  water  power.       .■j;,;--.--*?.*   .'  r-    *  'f  '  "'  tirifTft''  ■^mp.?' 


^ 


i 


ROUTES  ON  THE  MIAMI  CANAL. 


m 


122  ^_______- 

~^^IU,>,.,  county  .*.t  of  Butler  <x>unty.  i-  ^M  on   th.  Ureat 
ii^m^"l"^  the  Miami  e.nal,  twenty  mile-  north  of  CMnc.nu.ti.    1    U 

Lu  :.ran.  A.^i«to  Kefo;n.e„.  ami  1  Catholic.  It  ha.  '^^'O  .i.^.^.^^^■ 
„t.  LLm«-'  rrintlng  ofllce,,  3  cotton  f».torle»  5  Hour  »"'.*■«;  °'^' 
S  fcundericB,  I  machine  .hor«,  »lK.ut  40  .tore,,  and  hM  »  P'-P"'""''-  °'  »'««^ 
The  hu«in;,,  of  Hamilton  co„,i,t,  chiefly  in  "'''""f-''""!*';" ,t ''' °' 
which  there  have  heen  constructed  within  the  l».t  few  years,  hydraulic  wort. 
rflmorXer.    There  U  a  fine  bridge  connecting  Hamilton  with  Ilo^TUic, 

'Z«l*t'^uated  on  the  .te  of  Fort  llanUlton.    "-^"'"^-^ 
ve.rT791,  by  order  of  the  unfortunate  Oen.  St.  Clair,  and  wa.  inUnded  »i  a 

o;.. an.. po/c.  which  ,../ac«»i^o^^^^^^^^  ^,  ^^.^ 

Tia  Newcartle,  Indian.,  with  Chicago.  lUiuoifc 
noMvlll.,  .Ituated  opposite  Hamilton,  in  the  ,an.o  county  ^»^7",;{ 


-=«(»e'9r»w?i»«!a*«'**'''-^ 


-ap^!fflBS|Ba»'»»«*<^*'****^"- 


it 


ANAL. 


iK  «ltuiil.d  on   th»  Urcat 
orth  of  OincinuBll.    It  U 

with  a  httndaoma  publio 
fs.    Tlio  town  coiitftinB  7 

\  I'ri'stiyterliia,  1  Oerinim 
It  has  also  »  female  BOinin- 
1, 5  flour  miUii,  4  law  mills, 
I  hail  a  population  of  3,000. 
knufacturing,  for  the  aid  of 
few  years,  hydraulic  works 
ig  Hamilton  with  IloMTlllo, 

ilUon.  It  was  built  In  the 
liiir,  and  waa  inUnded  as  a 
jn  of  that  commander, 
eves  Symmcs,  author  of  the 
dnmonstrato  that  the  »arth 
liat  it  was  possible  for  those 
fitliin  by  means  of  openings 
>s  to  supply  him  with  means 
A  waggish  follow  once  told 
ihabitcd,  the  yolcanoeswero, 
uses;  in  that  case,  the  best 
iwecp  to  go  on  an  exploring 
thcr  this  did  not  meet  his 
1  to  find  a  sweep  willing  to 

ry. 

almost  universally  met  with 
lo  of  the  world  like  a  martyr, 
ipcct.  There  has  lately  been 
It  is  surmounted  by  >  globe 

jry. 

1  pasaea  through  this  pUoe; 
tlon  here,  also  Tia  Eaton,  eon- 
ad  Terre  Uaute,  Indiana,  and 

Ihe  same  county,  Is  a  town  of 
».  It  contains  1  Baptist,  and 
itorcs,  and  2,500  Inhabitants, 
h-westfrom  Hamilton,  to  the 
ted  town.  It  is  the  seat  of  tta 
and  extenilTe  patron»t».   ^ 


ROUTES  ON  THE  MIAMI  CANAL. 


123 


Besld'S  the  university,  Oxford  contains  a  theological  scTiool,  under  the  pa- 
tronage of  the  Associate  Uotormed  Church,  5  churches,  about  fifteen  stores, 
and  a  population  of  2,00U. 

Dayton,  county  scat  of  MontRomnry  county,  Ohio,  is  situated  slxty^llght 
miles  from  Clncinnuti,  on  the  Great  Miami  river  and  Miami  canal.    The  town 
was  laid  out  in  1795,  by  Gen.  Jonathan  Day,  Arthur  St.  Clair,  James  Wilkin- 
son, and  Col.  Israel  Ludlow.    It  was  made  the  county  seat  iu  1803,  and  at 
that  time  contained  but  five  families.    Its  progress  was  very  slow,  until  the 
year  1812,  when  an  impetus  was  given  to  It  by  the  arrival  of  troops  belong- 
ing to  the  army.    From  this  time  until  1820  it  improved  very  rapidly.    After 
this,  business  declined,  and  Dayton  received  a  shock  from  which  many  sup- 
posed she  would  not  recover;  but  at  the  opening  of  the  Miami  canal  in 
1827,  business  began  to  revive,  and  from  that  time  there  has  been  a  rapid 
and  steady  improvement,  and  it  now  ranks  as  the  second  city  in  wealth  in 
the  state.    The  city  of  Dayton  Is  laid  out  with  a  great  degree  of  regularity 
and  neatness,  the  streets  being  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  wide,  and  inter- 
sectiug  each  other  at  right  angles.     It  is  almost  universally  pronounced  by 
visitors,  the  handsomest  city  in  the  West    The  court-house  at  Dayton  is  one 
of  the  handsomest  buildings  in  the  sUte.    It  is  biUlt  of  gray  graniUi  and  cost 
$63,000.    The  city  contains  17  churches,  4  newspaper  offloes,  a  female  semi- 
nary of  high  standing,  4  common  schools,  and  1  hljh  school,  2  banks,  a  jail, 
14  mills  of  various  kinds,  several  factories,  2  market  houses,  3  iron  founde- 
ries,  with  a  large  number  of  stores  of  all  descriptions.    A  new  and  spacious 
hotel,  called  the  Phillips  House,  has  just  Iwon  completed.    Population,  12,000. 
Dayton  has  at  considerable  expense,  built  a  hydraulic  canal,  similar  to  th« 
one  at  Hamilton,  which  affords  a  vast  amount  of  water  power. 
Canal  boats  ply  dally  to  and  from  Toledo,  and  all  intermediate  ports.      • 
Dayton  is  now  the  center  of  a  system  of  railroads,  which,  when  completed, 
can  not  but  add  greatly  to  its  business  importance.    The  Cincinnati,  Hamil- 
ton A  Dayton  road,  and  the  Mad  River  road  to  Sandusky  City,  both  termin- 
ate here,  forming  a  through  line  from  Cincinnati  to  Sandusky  City.    Lines 
are  also  being  constructed  to  connect  Dayton  with  Columbus  direct,  via 
Xenla,  with  Indianapolis,  via  Eaton,  Richmond,  *c.,  with  Michigan,  via  Day- 
ton and  Michigan  Road,  and  another  road  to  Cincinnati,  called  the  Straight 
Line  Road,  all  of  which  wUl  be  rapidly  finished. 

Tror,  county  seat  of  Miami  county,  Ohio,  is  a  flourishing  town,  situated 
on  the  Great  Miami  river  and  Miami  canal,  ninety  miles  north  of  CincinnaU, 
It  was  loid  out  in  the  year  1808,  and  soon  after  became  the  seat  of  justice. 
It  is  a  place  of  considerable  commercial  importance.  Vast  quantities  of 
Wheat,  com,  oats,  Iwriey,  whiskey,  flour,  pork,  lard,  clover  and  flax-seed,  salt, 
Awed  lumber,  *c..  are  exported.  The  annual  shipmenU  to  and  from  thta 
plMe,  «mounttog  to  25,000  tons.   Manufacturing  U  also  carried  on  to  soma 


.«r.,.i»5ynSS.;,.r!9Kw»j;:S-^.^fS;Tr^*«!aS»:^^ 


124 


ROUTES  ON  THE  MIAMI  CANAL. 


cxUnt,  though  not  »o  encrgptically  u  tho  merennttlc  husinew.  Troy  con- 
taiDa  i  .MethdUii-t,  i  I'rcdbytiTiaii,  1  Kiiimwpal,  ami  1  Ilaptist  rhiirirh,  a  town 
anil  iiia«oiiic  hall,  1  Imnk,  1  murkilliimsc,  3  printiiii;  ofllwa,  1  ataUcniy, 
«i!Vi'ral  inllls  anil  faotnrii's,  1  foundcry  anil  machine  shop,  U  largu  warebouien, 
a  largu  numWr  of  Btort's,  and  un'clianies'  Bhiips  of  all  kinds,  with  a  popula- 
tion of  near  3,000.     Canal  boats  arrlva  and  depart  daily. 

Piqna,  In  the  same  county,  eight  nillen  alwve Troy,  on  the  Miamlcanal, 
la  a  thriving  bualneas  town.  It  waa  laid  out  in  the  year  1809,  and  called 
Waahington,  which  name  it  retained  till  18M,  when  it  rcieireil  Ita  preaeot 
name.  The  town  containa  12  churchca,  a  town  hall,  high  school,  1  bank,  a 
number  of  miila  and  factories,  acveral  of  which  are  driven  by  ateam,  about 
125  mechanics'  shops,  a  largo  number  of  storea  of  various  descriptions,  ani! 
a  population  of  3,600.  Canal  boata  arrive  and  depart  daily.  Stages  also 
leave  for  Cincinnati  and  Dayton.  The  Dayton  and  Michigan  Railroad  will 
paaa  through  Troy  and  I'iiiua,  uniting  them  In  iron  bonds  with  Cinctunatl 
and  Detroit. 

DeflancC,  county-aeat  of  Defiance  county,  Ohio,  is  situated  on  the  W«. 
bash  and  Erie  canal,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mauniee  and  Auglaiso  rlvera,  and 
ii  one  hundred  and  ninety  miles  from  Cincinnati  by  the  canal.  It  was  laid 
ont  in  1822,  and  now  contains  a  population  of  1000. 

Sprlngfleld,  Clark  county,  Ohio,  is  sltnulcd  on  the  National  Road, 
forty-three  mllea  west  of  Columbus,  and  at  the  northern  extremity  of  the 
LlTTix  Miami  Railroad.  It  is  the  county  seat,  and  waa  laid  out  in  the  year 
1803,  by  James  Dcmint.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  and  highly  eultivatod 
country,  and  is  considered  one  of  tho  moat  beautiful  villages  in  the  state. 

The  town  has  excellent  advantages  for  water  power,  and  within  a  circuit  of 
throe  miles,  there  are  upward  of  twenty  mill  seata. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  church  have  a  flourishing  high  school  at  Spring- 
field, and  the  public  lihrarips  of  the  town  contain  near  4,000  volumeii. 
There  are  In  Springfield  12  churches,  3  printing  offices,  and  about  28  stores, 
besides  a  large  number  of  mechanics'  shops.     Population  about  H.OOO. 

mill  Creek  enters  the  Ohio  just  below  Cincinnati,  and  is  a 
very  crooked  stream,  and  during;  low  water  can  be  easily  crossed 
on  foot.  It  is  bounded  on  both  sides  by  a  high  range  of  hills, 
which,  on  the  west,  descend  to  tlie  edge  of  the  stream;  those  on 
the  east,  however,  are  about  half  n  mile  distant.  The  Miami 
canal  f  onsen  along  the  edge  of  the  latter,  at  an  elevation  of  about 
one  hundred  feet  above  the  waters  of  the  creek.  The  valley  in- 
cluded between  these  ranges  of  hills,  is  highly  productive;  but 
is  subject  to  constant  overflows  from  the  river,  the  backwaters 
of  which  often  ascend  the  creek  for  nine  miles.  Efforts  are  be*;' 
\ng  made  to  confine  the  water  to  a  straight  channel.    The 


ton  nr 

the  all 
ill  nev 

In 

ton  c 

withii 

by  an 

H< 

has  b< 

social 

have 

sion 

whici 

N< 

Cinci 

residt 

Tho  I 

and  T 

and  e 

Preai 

Th 

on  a 

perfe 

kind. 

of  " 

worl 

epitu 

It 

plan 

wise 

tobi 

ever 

of  tl 

disti 

1 

Ohii 
it  ei 
stall 
whi 
tern 
"Li 
po« 


*!p*^K*^^5?rt^'?75^' 


j^ac.-. 


t  CANAL. 


ROUTE  OF  THE  OHIO  BIVKB. 


125 


■cunttlc  huslneM.  Troy  con- 
nil  1  Ilaptiat  cluirirh,  a  town 
printini;  ofllo-a,  1  Mailcmy, 
iiii'  simp,  I)  largo  wareboumn, 

of  all  kinds,  with  a  popula- 
Icpart  daily. 

TeTrojr,  on  the  Miami  canal, 
in  the  )'Kar  1809,  and  called 
when  It  receired  Ha  present 

hall,  high  srhool,  I  bank,  a 
I  are  driven  bj  steam,  about 

of  various  descriptions,  and 
d  di'part  daily.     Stages  also 

and  Michigan  Railroad  will 
1  iron  bonds  with  Cincinnati 

■  >'•■,. .  '^rr 
,  Ohio,  is  situated  on  the  W«< 
iniee  and  Auglaiio  rirers,  and 
lU  liy  the  canal.  It  was  laid 
1000. 

.led  on  the  Natiomal  Road, 
le  northern  extremity  of  the 
and  was  laid  out  in  the  year 
I  fertile  and  highly  cultitated 
tifiil  villages  in  the  state, 
power,  and  within  a  circuit  of 
eats. 

islilng  high  school  at  Sprlag- 
ontain  near  4.000  volumes. 
5  offices,  and  about  28  storvs, 
'opiilation  about  0,000. 
elow  Cincinnati,  and  is  a 
iter  can  be  easily  crossed 
by  a  high  range  of  hills, 
:  of  tlie  stream ;  thnse  on 
lile  distunt.  The  Miami 
■,  at  an  elevation  of  about 
le  creek.  The  valley  in- 
j  highly  productive;  but 
Ihe  river,  the  bacliwatera 
le  miles.  Efforts  are  be*;- 
Ight  channel.    The 


ton  and  Hamilton  Railroad  Company,  whoso  road  passes  along 
the  sl.le  of  the  western  hills,  have  already  changed  the  channel 

"'indUStryTRitualed  ten  miles  below  Cinrinnall,  in  Hamil- 
tone",  ty.  Ohio,  is  a  nnmll  village  which  has  l-een  built  up 
wTlhi."  a  fe^  years.  It  contains  a  large  stove  fonndry,  owned 
bvBU  association  of  journeymen  stove-mol.l-rs.    I'opuh.llon,  150. 

Home  <lty,  two  mll.-»  below  Industry,  In  the  same  county, 
has  been  laid  ouf  for  a  town  within  the  last  few  years  by  „„  as- 
sociation  styled  "  Thk Cincinnati  B.iiLmNO  Association.  1  here 
have  been  HOine  very  fine  brick  houses  erected  At  a  recent  se.. 
"ion  of  the  Ohio  l.'gislatnre,  this  company  obtained  a  charter, 
which  will  no  doubt  insure  its  permaiiencv. 

North  Bend,  five  miles  below  Home  City,  nnd  fifteen  from 
Clnciiinati,  is  a  beautiful  and  retired  spot,  celebrated  as  being  the 
re  ™  and  burial  place  of  the  lamented  General  larrjson. 
The  hrse  m  which  he  resided  is  still  standing;  It  is  built  of  logs 
and  weather  boarded,  which,  being  painted  white,  gives  .t  a  neat 
and  ZTganl  appearance.     It  is  now  occupied  by  the  widow  of  the 

'''Tht'tomb  in  which  the  remains  of  Harrison  are  Interred,  stands 
on  a  small  knoll  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  house.  It  is 
perfectly  plain,  without  either  Inscriplion  or  ornament  of  any 
kind  But  wimt  need  have  the  orkat  in  deeds  of  glory  and  virtue, 
0  "the  trappings  and  suits  of  woe? "  U  is  only  those  that  the 
world  knows  not,  who  have  need  of  monuments  and  sounding 

'""u  was  at  North  Bend  that  Judge  Symmes  Intended  to  have 
planted  the  emporium  of  the  West.  But  fate  decreed  It  othor- 
w?se  After  laying  off  a  town,  and  making  Immense  exertions 
To  bring  settlers  l.e?e,  he  was  forced  to  abandon  the  project,  and 
every  vestige  of  a  city  has  long  since  disappeared  from  the  face 
Jthe  country.  Judge  Symmes'  remains  lie  entombed  a  short 
distance  from  Harrison's  grave. 

The  Orcat  Wliami  River,  rises  in  Hardin  county, 
Ohio,  and  after  a  south-west  course  of  about  one  hundred  miles, 
H  empties  into  the  Ohio,  five  miles  below  North  Bend  at  the 
state  Le  between  Indiana  and  Ohio.  The  country  through 
which  U  flows  Is  highly  cnllivatod  and  exceedingly  fertile,  it  is 
Termed  the  "Great  Miami  Bottoms."  in  contradistinction  to  the 
"LitUe  Miami  Bottoms."  There  is  a  great  amount  of  water 
power  obtained  from  this  stream,  which  renders  it  of  "ijniense 
UBportaace  to  the  Inhabitants  of  the  region  through  which  it 
^esT  Several  of  Uie  most  important  towns  iu  the  state  of  Ohio 


-  **'*.f^?»ga^1S'5S?i^.  ""-'y^^'^-^'^^^^^^'^*^^  ^"■^'  ** 


;^.f^rt,is::*refr5ErX'S5f 


,2g  ROUTS  OF  TllK  OHIO  RIVER.  

ZnU  they  have  J-'"  r:l:;S.:rof  D  »rl.or„  county.  Indi- 
una.  Hituule.l  two  u.il.-H  b«lovv  Iho  '"";""'  ,.  j,,^.  ,u^„  „eur 

the  river  being  low.  .8  IU».«  to  """'"^        „,,  „„,,  building 

what  to  retard  its  Bfo*'''„J''Vhere   lie  waters  can  not  reach 

farther  back,  on  higher  8'«""f;  "  J^X'"     u  conUiinBaconrl- 

thein.  and  the  town  m  '"'H"'V"B.  ^^'^  •Xtiilery,  ti  mills,  a  card- 
house,  ti  churches,  a  large  and  exten».ve,,utiUe^^^^         ^_^^.    ^^^^  ^ 

ing  machine    a  '»'8° /"'"^fJ/^^Xw^^^^^ 

road  has  its  terminus  here.  also.  „ourty,  Kentucky,  two 

PctersburK,  situated  "'  ^f  ^^S  .ontaining  a  mill, 
miles  below  Lawrenceburg,  '»  ■*  """'7;;'"^^^^^^ 
2  churches.  2  schools,  a  tobacco  f^^'^y »*!''"„"'  j, "  ^n'e  of  an  an- 
ulation  of  250.  The  village  ~  '» J^^'  P.^^g^go  pLod  away, 
cient  burial  ground  of  ^U  anSnt  rice  havo^beea  found,  in 
Many  curious  re.nams  of  "''«""'='*'"  J^ter  of  a  mile  above  the 
digging  wells,  cellars,  &c.  ^''""f .»  ^"Sion,  evidently  erect- 
toin.aretheremai«^f  ana^.c.  raf^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^y      „„ 

ed  by  a  more  intelligent  *"^"7o  have  been;  but  their  history 
North  American  Indians  appear  to  have  ueeu,  uu 

is  yet  unwritten.  j,  ^         ^reek.  two  rnUes 

Aurora,  situated  "V  i„^iZa  is  "nrurishing  place,  and 
below,  in  Dearborn  county,  I"l  «""'J/Jt°i„  itfioTand  incor- 
has  recently  »»«°|"Vg;"y-AVarr pork  business  is  done  here, 
porated  as  a  city  in  184».     * '"/B'.P" ,^u-g  of  business.     There 

40  inhabitants.  ,  „,  ,    -ountv.  Inrliana,  situated 

BlsingS«n,couny-seatofO^^^^^ 

three  miles  below  B«"«^'«'',' '?  fue  new  county  of  Ohio  about  six 
It  was  made  the  county-seat  »f 'h/ "°7.,^°""iJ  improve  steadily, 
years  ago.  and  from  that  "•»«  b"?,^°^''"3"ehurches,  an  academy. 

runs  daily  to  Cincinnati  and  tocK. 


nil 

Ohio  < 
princii 

BU 


r'rsm»:&^xj 


.-s^ssE^esrsJSi*^-'**'^*'*^^'^^" 


RIVEK. 

B  situaied  on  the  Miami 
jiieii. 

Dt'arl'orn  county,  Inui- 
II  of  llie  (Ireut  MlimiU  '>< 
It  part  of  till'  (own  neur 
iia;  this  liuH  Hcrvetl  BOine- 
Ditants  are  now  builiiiinj 
the  waters  can  not  reacli 
Fast.     It  containii  a  conrl- 
,  (iistiilery,  S  mills,  a  card- 
9  of  various  kiiitlH,  and  a 
iraler  canal  pasws  through 
th  some  of  the  most  pop- 
iiali  and  !-i.Uui8  Railway 
uceburg  i.d  ludiuuapolw 

,  courtj,  Kentucky,  two 
village,  containing  a  mill, 
r,  severai  stores,  and  a  pop- 
occupy  the  site  of  an  an- 
have  long  ago  passed  away, 
race  have  been  found,  in 
luarter  of  a  mile  above  the 
irtification,  evidently  erect- 
8d  people  than  any  of  our 
ive  been;  but  their  huitory 

of  Hognn  creek,  two  mlleii 
is  a  flourishing  place,  and 
laidoutinlctl9,and  Incor- 
,ork  business  is  done  here, 
ranches  of  business.  There 
and  15  stores  Pop.,  2,500. 
elow  Aurora,  In  Boone  coun- 
aning  a  few  scores  and  about 

hlo  county,  Indiana,  situated 

jwine  and  flourishing  town. 
,ew  county  of  Ohio  about  six 
mtlnued  to  improve  steadily. 
,se,  3  churches,  an  academy, 
tton  and  woolen  factory,  an 
mmber  of  stores  of  varicw. 
A  steam  packet,  owned  b«|», 


ROUTK   OF   TIIK   OHIO   RIVSR. 


127 


inillerSburR,  formerly  North's  Mills,  Is  a  small  town  lu 
Oliio  oouMty,  thriM.  miles  bt'-low  Rising  Sun.  It  Is  one  of  the 
principal  landing  points  for  several  of  the  Interior  counties. 

Big  Bone  MAcU.  Creek,  empties  Into  the  Ohio  River, 
twilvc  miles  below  Rising  Suu,  In  Boone  countv,  Kentucky. 
Neur  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  are  the  Bio  Bonk  Lick  ^'hinus, 
formerly  a  watering  place,  but  now  seldom  resorted  to.  I  he 
creek  derives  its  name  from  the  bones  of  the  mastodon  and  urctio 
elephant,  which  have  been  found  here.  The  first  were  collected 
ill  1803,  by  Dr.  William  Goforlh,  an  eminent  physician,  and  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  the  West.  The  collection  was  liitru»U)d  by 
him  to  the  care  of  an  English  traveler  by  the  name  of  Thomas 
Ashe,  who  took  them  to  England  to  exhibit.  When  ho  arrived 
there  instead  of  performing  his  trust,  he  sold  the  whole  collec- 
tion and  kept  the  money.  He,  however,  showed  his  wisdoni  in 
one  thine,  which  was,  never  to  show  his  face  in  this  country 
airuin  A  second  collection  of  these  bones  was  made  In  the  year 
1*05,  by  order  of  President  JefTerson;  a  third  collection  was  mado 
in  1819,  by  the  Western  Museum  Society;  and  a  fourth  In  1831, 
by  Mr.  FInnell. 

Hamilton,  sltuoted  a  short  dlsUnce  below  the  mouth  of 
Biir  Bone  Lick  Creek,  In  the  same  county.  Is  a  small  village  of 
minor  importance,  containing  half  a  dozen  stores,  and  a  popula- 
tion of  about  250. 

Patriot,  situated  two  miles  below  Hamlltou,  In  Switzerland 
county,  Indiana,  is  a  thriving  little  village,  containiiig  3  churches, 
half  a  dozen  stores,  and  a  population  of  about  bOU. 

Warsaw,  the  county  seat  of  Gallatin  county,  Kentucky, 
fituated  eleven  miles  below  Patriot,  is  a  town  of  considerablo 
trade  and  growing  importance.  There  Is  now  quite  a  large 
business  done,  in  exporting  corn,  tobacco,  and  various  kinds  of 

""Tt  was  laid  out  in  1831,  and  was  at  first  called  Fredericksburg. 
It  retuUied  this  name  but  a  short  time;  the  Inhabitants  having 
imbibed  an  enthusiasm  for  suffering  Poland,  adopted  the  name  of 
Warsaw,  in  honor  of  that  unfortunate  country.  Warsaw  con- 
tains a  court-house,  ,'  Baptist  and  1  Reformed  church,  1  news- 
paper printing  office,  3  schools,  a  distillery,  2  pork  houses,  la 
stores,  and  a  population  of  about  900.  The  LoulsTllle  &  Cov- 
ington Railroad  will  pass  near  this  place. 

Florence,  also  called  New  York,  Is  a  small  village,  ono 
mile  below  Warsaw,  In  Switzerland  «onnty,  Indiana,     It  Con- 
tin.  two  or  three  store,  and  about  150  Inhatitanto. 
9 


pa'^^'-^w- 1 


Its 


ROCTK   or   TH«   OHIO   RIVKR. 


Vcvny.  •Ituated  ten  idIIm  below  New  York,  !•  the  cour.iv 
■eol  of  Hwilic-rlBml  county,  Iiillimu.  It  wuh  first  wtll.ii  la  IWU-I, 
bv  u  purty  of  SwiM  emigrants,  wlio  rpcelvwl  a  Rrmit  oi  land  from 
CoiiltreiM..  for  tl.o  expreiw  p.irpow  of  cullivatiiin  the  ifrape.  hi. 
ho»  been  curried  on  succeiwfi.lly  ever  .Ince,  and  lurK-  quantit.e. 
of  wine  are  annually  niado.  The  county  ii  Betlled  almoijt  whoUy 
bv  SwiM  enilffrunU  and  their  dew.endantn,  and  It  would  be  adifli- 
cult  matter.  In  any  country,  to  find  a  more  Induitriouii,  orderly, 
and  well  Informed  set  of  people.  Vevay  contains  a  court-houw<, 
two  or  three  churclia,  a  jail,  a  dozen  or  more  itor*.,  and  about 
2,000  Inhabitants. 

Caiiont,  situated  directly  opposite  Vevay,  in  Carroll  county 
Kentucky,  Is  a  pleasant  little  villiiKe,  containliiK  1  Methodist  and 
1  Reformed  church,  half  a  dozen  stores,  a  tobacco  factory,  and  a 

population  of  350.  ,      ,      ,      , 

This  villaee  bears  the  namo  of  the  city  wli.ro  the  treaty  of 
peace  was  negotiated  between  Great  Britain  anduie  United  Slates, 
which  closed  the  war  of  1812. 

<3arrollton,  seat  of  justice  for  Carroll  county,  Kentucky, 
is  situated  ten  miles  below  Ghent,  at  the  mouth  of  Kentucky  river. 
The  town  was  laid  out  in  the  year  1792,  «uider  the  name  of 
Port  William.  Previous  to  this  date,  there  had  been  a  block- 
house erected  at  this  point,  by  Gen.  Cln.rles  Scott,  which  wm 
occupied  by  troop,  for  several  ye>,rs.  VVh-nthe  town  was  .aid 
out,  the  poit  was  abandoned.  CarroUton  received  Its  pres.Mit 
name  in  honor  of  the  abode  of  that  dlHthiguinhed  patriot,  Charles 
Carroll.  (See  note.)  Corrollton  contain*  a  court-house,  jail,  J 
churches,  1  academy,  1  common  school,  uoverul  rallla.ulout  a 
dozenstores,  and  a  population  of  1,000.  .,  ,^  ,-;    ,,, 

Note.  "  ■ 

CntniM  Ca«iiou,  one  of  thst  noWo  band  thnU  dared  to  question  the  dWne 
ri(?ht  of  klni?»,  was  born  In  the  city  of  Annap.'.lii.,  state  of  Maryland,  on  tho 
»tb  day  of  September,  1737.  He  recelTod  an  exceUtnt  education,  and  at  «u 
early  aRB  showed  signs  of  more  than  common  talents.  He  took  a  flrro  an.l 
decided  sUnd  against  British  affireBslon  and  tyranny ;  and  when  that  Immor- 
Ul  paper  was  drawn  up,  which  declared  the  American  co.oni»»  free  and 
independent  states,  ha  hesitated  not  to  put  his  name  to  it  in  bold  and  Ear- 
less characters.  An  anecdote  is  relateil  of  him,  which  is  as  chariwtoriaUc  of 
the  man,  aa  it  i>  bold  and  decided.  A  short  time  afUT  signing  the  Declaration 
«f  Independence,  a  friend  remarked  to  hisn,  '•  that  if  the  British  caught  hlni 
Ihcy  would  not  know  whether  it  were  he,  or  Charles  Carroll,  of  Massachu- 
setts, whose  name  was  affixed  to  the  DeclaraUon;  hence  they  would  be  in 
doubt  which  to  bang.    His  reply  was,  "  In  order  that  thtre  may  be  no  mIsUle 


)   RIVER. 


ROUTE    01     Tint    OHIO    niVER. 


ISO 


Now  York,  !•  the  cour.iy 
t  wuH  tirHt  w>tlli'>l  la  IHU-I, 
lelvetJ  a  Kmiit  ut  land  from 
iltivatliiK  the  irrupe.  Tlii* 
iiice,  ami  lurK>'  quantltivn 
i),y  la  gettleil  almoHl  wholly 
itN,  and  tt  would  be  adllK- 
morn  liiduatriuuii,  orderly, 
uy  contulim  u  courl-hoii«t<, 
or  more  itorci,  and  about 

Vevay,  in  Carroll  county 
ontainhiK  1  Mi<tliodlHt  and 
'.»,  a  tobuccu  factory,  and  a 

i«  city  wli«ro  the  treaty  ot 
rltuiu  anduie  United  Stuteii, 

Carroll  county,  Kentucky, 
e  mouth  of  Kentucky  river, 
ir  1792,  under  the  name  of 
s,  there  had  been  a  block- 
.  Chiirleg  Scott,  which  wiih 
VVhi'U  the  town  wa»  iaiJ 
•ollton  received  its  pri-wMit 
iHtiiiguinhed  patriot,  Charles 
ntaiii*  a  court-houuc,  juil,  3 
hool,  luveral  mills, ulout  a 
0.  ,».  ,. 


thnU  dared  to  question  the  dlrine 
lapcilin,  state  of  Maryland,  on  tho 
in  rxfolknt  education,  and  at  an 
on  talents.  He  took  a  flrm  wl 
I  tyranny ;  and  when  that  Immor- 
tho  American  co.onioa  free  and 
his  name  to  it  in  hold  and  four- 
him,  which  is  a»  cbariicterLitic  of 
time  after  signing  the  Declaration 
,  '•  that  if  the  British  caught  hlni 
or  Charles  Carroll,  of  Maf^sachu- 
laration ;  hence  they  would  h*  ia 
)rder  that  th«re  may  be  no  mistake 


about  It,  I  will  Infhnii  thrni  whrre  I  may  he  ftiund,"  and  Immediataly  affixed 
thi'  naine  of  hia  fsliiln  (I-  was  ever  after  liiiown  n>  I'lmrli'S  Carnill,  ol 
Cnrrolllon.  This  worllir  [iivtrlot  unci  Jlfllii^'uli-li.d  »tiil«'i>uuiu,  .IW  on  tho 
mil  of  NovemlHT,  Ih.l..  lit  llii'  Kiii»l  old  ngi'  of  iiinrty-fln'.  He  lived  loses 
all  those  who  had  |j!iii'\1  tlieir  iiiinii'S  with  lilx,  un  that  glorious  scroll,  go  tu 
"that  hournc  from  wli.'!!!"*  no  tnivvler  riturns;"  thcu  <(ulutly  reHignwl  hij 
body  to  the  pcactful  vtri It,  and  in  riilrit  hastened  to  Join,  in  the  anguiio 
world,  those  noble  souls  who  hiul  gone  Ufore  him. 

The  Kentucky  Ri\'ri'«  t\wh  In  the  Cumberland  moun- 
taiiia,  and  after  purHulnj;  it  nurth-weHtcrly  coursn  for  the  distuuca 
of  two  hundred  niid  sLxty  uiik-.s,  empties  into  the  Oliio  river  at 
Carrollton.  1'he  river  hux  been  rendered  nuvigable,  by  means  of 
dams  and  locks,  of  which  there  are  Huvonleeii,  built  ut  a  cost  of 
f;'3,tlOO,(l()0.  The  perpendicular  Wight  uvercome  by  these  lockii 
id  two  hundred  and  ten  feet. 

The  scenery  along  the  bank*  of  the  Kentucky  river  \a  not 
surpassed  by  uny  other  river  in  the  Onion,  unless  it  be  tho  Hudson. 
The  channel,  for  the  greater  piirt  of  lis  courBe,  runs  through  beds 
of  solid  limestone  rock.  In  the  neighborhood  of  the  month  of 
the  river,  there  are  many  remuins  "f  ancient  works,  relics  of  a 
race,  whose  liistory  is  beyond  the  pr>>sent  limits  of  human  knowl- 
edge, and  whoso  deeds  are  buried  in  tho  impenetrable  mysteriei 
of  the  post. 

Notaa. 

Frankdorti  county  seat  of  Franklin  county,  and  capital  of  the  state  of 
Kentucky,  is  situated  in  a  t>eautiful  plain  surrounded  by  lofty  bills,  on  the 
Kentucky  river,  about  sixty  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  was  laid  out  in  the 
year  1*73,  and  was  maite  the  seat  of  government  in  1T9'2.  The  capitol  'a  a 
largo  and  handsome  cdiflce,  built  of  Kentucky  marble.  The  rcprosentat  ve 
hall  is  a  large  room  situated  in  the  second  story  of  the  building;  it  is  hand- 
somely ornamented,  and  is  adorned  with  portraita  of  Oen.  Washington, 
I.a  t'ayette,  and  Col.  Daniel  Boone.  The  senate  chamber,  also  in  the  second 
story.  Is  a  smaller  room,  but  very  tastefully  furnish  nl.  It  has  a  full  length 
portrait  of  Oen.  Harrison,  hanging  immediately  behind  and  over  the  presi- 
dent's chair. 

Tlio  Penitentiary  buildings  are  spacious,  and  admirably  arranged.  The 
plan  on  which  this  prison  is  conducted  is  a  very  superior  one,  combining 
punishment  with  moral  reform  and  mental  progress.  Tbe  prisoners  are 
required  to  work  through  the  day,  with  the  exception  of  the  Sabbath;  on 
this  day  there  ii  divine  service,  at  which  all  are  required  to  attend,  There 
is  also  an  excelleut  library  for  the  use  of  the  prisoners;  and  those  who  eao- 
QOt  read  are  taught.    Their  diet  is  plain  and  simple,  bbt  amply  sufflcient  <bt 


130 


EOCTK    OF   THE   OHIO   RIVKE. 


.11  the  want,  of  Uf«.    The  keeper's  ofllco  i.  a  handsom-  buildlDg,  ornamented 

Ce»  leave  dally  and  sen^S-w  :eU.y  for  Loui.vUIe,  «arrod»burg,  and  M«ii«>a 

'tTxTngton,  co„.ty  .eat  of  Fayett.  county.  Kentucky.  1-  l*autifully 
.tuatei"*Ly-flve  n.L  .outh-e^t  of  FrankfoH,  on  a  «...  branch  of  to 
Elkhorn  river.  The  first  ..ettlcnent  made  h.re,  w«»  in  1.  -«.  and  wa,  cal.cd 
S"",  in  comn,c„,ora.ion  of  the  place  «here  the  first  battle  of  the  Am..- 
KriUvoL,:T,oN  wa.  fought.  Itwas  Incorporated  as  atown  In  the  year  1,S2, 
and  ".!.  for  a  few  years,  the  scat  of  government  Lexington  is  s.tuat«l  m 
the  rTeh  sVlnd  most  delightful  portion  of  the  state  of  Kentucky  The  country 
al^rise'eedingly  fertile,  and  under  the  highest  degree  of  cultivation^ 
The  staple  product  of  the  county  is  hemp,  for  the  manufacture  of  which 
Theret™  n  l^ington  and  vicinity  more  than  twenty  establishments,  turn- 
ngirannually  'oOO.OOO  yard,  of  bagging,  and  2,^000  pounds  ot^^. 

Th.  plan  of  the  city  of  Lexington  is  elegant  and  uniform.  The  street,  ar, 
JL  cZZs  each  other  at  right  angles,  and  well  paved.  The  residence. 
^  n»rry"rnoted  for  their  neatness  and  comfort,  and  many  of  them  have 
tastefully  ornameuUd  grounds  attached  to  them. 

itl  public  buildings  of  Lexington  are  numerous,  and  generally  good  spec 
Jns  of  modern  architecture.  The  Transylvania  University  was  founded 
Z  the  state  in  the  year  1798.  by  the  association  of  ">«  'l-ra-yWa.^. Jem 
nary  and  the  Kentucky  Academy.  It  comprises  a  medical  school,  having  8 
nrofcssors.  and  an  average  of  160  students,  holdi.s  a  summer  session  in  thi. 
Z  and  ;  winter  session  in  Louisville,  a  law  school  having  three  profe.«.r.. 
w  th  an  average  of  about  100  studenU.  and  a  literary  department,  deaomi- 
laud  Morrison  College.    This  department  has  three  profe«or.,  and  an  av 

The  I  uuatic  Asylum  Is  an  institution  of  which  the  state  may  well  be  p^oud^ 
The  buildings  are  spacious  and  admiraWy  adapted  to  th^  want,  of  the  P^ 
UenU  The  treatment  of  patic.ts  1,  condu.U.d  on  the  most  approved  .y.tem. 
^nd^he  .ul..s  with  which  it  is  followed,  rellects  great  credit  on  tho»  hav 
Inir  charge  of  the  institution.  .    ,, 

The  other  public  buildings  of  Lexington  are  a  court-house.  >""-l«  ^«"' 
eltvhosnltal   work-house. 2 free  schools. and  11  churches.    PopulaUon. ri»ut 

0  0^  The  iTlngton  A  Loul.ville  Railroad,  via  Frankfort,  th«  U^n,^n 
*rTUiSa^cllioppo.iU  Cmcluuatl-the  Lexington  *  May^iU-th. 


O   RIVKB. 


KOUTK    OF   THE    OHIO    RIVEB. 


131 


handsomi-  building,  ornamented 

,  oontiiins  a,  flno  court-house,  4 
ebyturiiiu,  and  1  Episcopal,  an 
•al  factories,  a  largo  number  of 
kinds,  and  a  population  of  3,009. 
passes  through  Frankfort  Cars 
isville,  and  intcrm<-diatc  points. 
Bville,  Harrodsburg,  and  Madison 

lunty,  Kentucky,  iR  beautifully 
nkfort,  on  a  small  branch  of  the 
hure,  was  in  177fl,  and  was  called 
.here  the  first  battle  of  the  Am.a- 
•orated  as  a  town  In  the  year  1782, 
nment    Lexington  is  situated  in 
le  state  of  Kentucky.  The  country 
;ho  highest  degree  of  cultivation. 
J,  for  the  manufacture  of  which 
,han  twenty  establishments,  turn- 
g,  and  2,200,000  pounds  of  rope, 
[ant  and  uniform.    The  streets  art 
,  and  well  paTed.    The  residences 
;  comfort,  and  many  of  them  bate 
0  tliem. 

umerous,  and  generally  good  specl- 
isylvania  University  was  founded 
jciation  of  the  Transylvania  Semi- 
mpriscs  a  medical  school,  having  8 
»,  holdiiiS  a  summer  session  in  this 
law  school  having  three  professors, 
iiid  a  literary  department,  deaomi- 
t  has  threo  professors,  and  an  av- 

'  which  the  state  may  well  be  proud, 
ly  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  pa- 
ui  ti'd  on  the  most  approved  system, 
,  rellects  great  credit  on  those  bar- 
on are  a  court-house,  masonic  hall, 
md  1 1  churches.  PopulaUon,  about 
Iroad,  via  Frankfcrt,  the  Lexington 
—  the  Lexington  k  M»y«TUle,tto 


Lexington  k  Big  Snnily,  and  the  Lnxingtun  A  Danville  roads  all  center  here, 
and  when  these  rtmds  shall  Iw  lompletcci,  a  fresh  impetus  will  he  given  to 
the  now  languishing  trade  of  this  city.  Cars  arrive  and  depart  daily  for 
LouisTllIc.  Stages  li'ave  daily  for  Maysville,  Cincinnati,  and  Nashville,  Ten- 
nessee, by  the  way  of  Harrodsburg,  the  Mammoth  Cave,  Bowling  Qreen, 
Ac,  4c. 

Ashland,  situated  al»ut  one  and  a  half  miles  from  Lexington  was  the 
residence  of  the  grrnt  American  statesman,  the  lanuMit«'d  Hbnkt  Clat.  It 
romprises  an  estate  cf  :ihout  six  hundred  ai'n-,  considerwl  the  best  and  most 
prwluctive  land  in  the  St»l»  of  Kentucky.  The  house  of  .Mr.  Clay  is  built 
of  brick,  plain  and  neat,  without  any  display  of  architectural  beauty.  The 
grounds  immodiatcly  surrounding  the  house  are  laid  out  in  an  elegant  and 
tasteful  manner,  and  ornamented  with  a  variety  of  trees  and  shrubbery. 
The  name  of  Asihand  is  as  familiar  to  the  American  public,  as  that  of  the 
honorable  gentleman  who  resided  there. 

Boonsborough,  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Kentucky  river,  in 
Madison  county,  is  a  small  village,  and  now  of  little  or  no  Importance,  save 
its  connection  with  the  early  history  of  tho  West  It  was  on  this  spot  that 
Col.  Daniel  Boone  niwle  the  first  permanent  settlement  in  the  state  of  Ken- 
tucky. Here,  in  tho  midst  of  a  trackless  forest,  filled  with  hordes  of  remorse- 
less and  bloodthirsty  savages,  Col.  Boone  built.  In  tho  year  1775,  a  rude  fort 
of  logs,  and  with  his  family  took  up  his  abode. 

Colonel  Daniel  Boonb,  was  born  in  Bucks  county,  Pennsylvania,  on  the 
11th  of  February,  1731,  being  one  year  and  eleven  days  before  the  birth  of 
Washington.  When  ho  was  but  a  boy  his  father  moved  to  the  head  waters 
of  the  Yadkin,  lu  liurth  Carolina.  At  an  early  age  Boono  evinced  an  ardent 
love  for  roving  through  the  woods  with  his  gun  on  his  shoulder,  in  pursuit 
of  game  and  the  excitements  of  the  chase.  From  his  childhood  he  was  char- 
scteriied  by  undaunted  courage,  and  it  is  related  of  him  that  when  but 
fonrteen  years  of  age,  while  out  hunting  in  company  with  several  boys  near 
his  own  ago,  they  encountered  a  huge  panther.  Young  Boone's  companions 
fled  in  terror  and  dismay  —  not  so  the  youthful  hero,  but  coolly  raising  his 
gun  to  hia  cheek  and  taking  deliberate  aim,  shot  the  animal  dead,  while  in 
the  very  act  of  springing  on  him. 

Boone  continued  to  reside  n  North  Carolina  until  his  fortieth  year.  Very 
little  is  known  of  his  adventb  -es  during  this  period.  The  only  fact  of  which 
there  is  any  degree  of  certain,  r,  is  his  marriage.  In  the  year  1769,  having 
been  flred  by  the  glowing  descriptions  of  Finley  and  others  concerning  the 
beautiful  country  of  the  Far  West,  he  determined  to  set  out  on  a  visit  to  the 
rast  hunting  grounds  lying  west  of  the  Cumberland  mountains.  Leav'.ng 
his  damlly  at  their  home  on  the  Yadkin,  he,  in  company  with  Finley  and  four 
othsrs,  started  on  their  expedition.    Boone  remained  in  Kentucky  for  the 


■  .■;SW.Jg>»;p'jfJti<W--'.  V 


132 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO  RIVER. 


space  of  tbree  yciirs.    Ofti'ti,  for  months,  without  s  single  human  compnnioDi 
bundruds  of  miles  from  any  wliltc  seltlcmiint,  he  quietly  and  contontvdly 
pursued  his  faToriCe  oreiipation  of  bunting.     His  companions  had  all  fallen 
Tictims  to  the  tomahawk  and  scalpluB  knife,  but  one;  and   ho  brcoming 
dishearlenrd,  returned  home.     Hut  Iloone's  stern  spirit   knew  nothing  of 
disrourugcment,  and  the  Idea  of  relinquishing  his  expedition  ne»er  once 
occurred  to  him.    In  fact  the  very  perils  and  hardships  of  the  life,  wtre 
the  charms  by  which  lie  was  won,  and  accordingly  he  determined  to  make 
this  adventurous  land  his  future  abfiiU'.    With  this  determination  he  started 
after  his  family.    After  selling  bis  jios.icssions  in  North  Carolina,  and  taking 
leave  of  his  friends,  hi",  actompaniiid  by  his  own  and  five  other  families  with 
about  forty  men,  started  once  morn  towards  •      Far  West.    The  party  encoun- 
tered numerous  hardships  and  privations,  which  so  discouraged  them,  that 
they  gave  up  the  expedition,  and  joineil  the  st^ttlemcnts  on  Clinch  river. 
The  party  remained  here  until  1774.    Boone  was  employed  as  a  guide  to 
conduct  a  party  through  the  wilderness  to  the  falls  of  the  Ohio.    After  this, 
be  again  started  for  Kentucky.     Accompanied  by  only  a  few  followers,  he 
arrived  at  the  spot  where  noonsborough  now  stands,  In  the  early  part  of  the 
)ear  1776,  and  erected  a  fort.    While  building  the  fort,  the  party  were  several 
times  attacked  by  the  Indians,  and  lost  about  half  their  number.     As  soon 
as  the  Ibrt  was  completed,  Uoone  returned  to  Clinch  river  for  his  family, 
having  fully  determined  that  Kentucky  should  be  his  abode.    The  little 
garrison  at  the  fort  were  frequently  attacked  by  the  Indians,  and  lost  many 
of  their  best  men.    In  the  month  of  January,  1778,  Doone  and  a  party  of 
twenty-seven  men  wore  captured  by  a  large  body  of  Indians,  at  the  Blue 
Lick  Springs.    Boone  remained  a  captive  until  the  following  .lune,  when 
being  apprized  of  the  design  of  the  Dritlnh  and  Indians  to  attack  the  fort  at 
Boonsborough,  he  mustered  all  his  energies  for  an  attempt  to  escape.    This, 
by  his  consummate  skill  and  cool  intrepidity,  he  was  enabled  to  accomplish, 
and  in  a  short  time  arrived  at  Boonsborough.     His  arrival  produced  the 
most  heartfelt  JL>y  In  the  little  fort.    They  had  all  supposed  him  long  since 
dead,  and  his  family  had  returned  to  their  friends  in  North  Carolina.    Imme- 
diately on  his  arrival,  Boone  proceeded  to  put  the  fort  in  a  state  of  defense, 
and  a  short  time  afterward  the   Indians,  under  the  command  of  British 
officers,  appeared  before  the  fort.    The  garrison  was  called  upon  to  surrender, 
which  Boone  answered  by  a  request  that  they  would  give  him  two  days  to 
think  about  it.    This  request  was  granted.    At  the  expiration  of  the  time, 
Boone  informed  them  that  he  would  decline  surrendering,  at  least  for  the 
present.    A  proposition  was  then  made  to  treat,  which  ended,  as  might  have 
been  supposed,  by  treachery  on  the  part  of  the  enemy ;  and  the  party  sent 
out  to  treat  barely  escaped  with  their  lives.     The  attack  then  commenced, 
and  continued  nine  days,  making  no  impression  on  the  fort,  and  killing  bat 
two  of  the  guiiaon,    The  enemy  then  dispelled  with  the  lou  of  twentj- 


on  tl 


IVKR. 

>  single  human  compnnioDi 
he  quivtly  and  contontvilly 

companions  had  all  fallen 
ut  on«;  and  hu  brcoming 
■n  spirit  knew  nothing  of 
his  expedition  never  once 
lardrhips  of  the  life,  wtre 
ly  he  determined  to  make 
lis  deti-rminntion  he  started 
North  Carolina,  and  taking 
tnil  fiTi'  other  families  with 
ir  West.  The  party  encoun- 
1  so  discouraged  them,  that 
ettlenicnts  on  Clinch  riTer. 
as  employed  aa  a  guide  to 
Us  of  the  Ohio.  After  this, 
by  only  a  few  followers,  he 
ids,  in  the  early  part  of  the 
!  fort,  the  party  were  MTeral 
nif  their  number.  As  soon 
3lioch  river  for  his  family, 
I  be  his  abode.  The  little 
the  Indians,  and  lost  many 
17iS,  Doone  and  a  party  of 
ody  of  Indians,  at  the  Blue 

the  following  June,  when 
Indians  to  attack  the  fort  at 
an  attempt  to  escape.  This, 
i  wiui  enabled  to  accomplish, 
Ilia  arrival  produced  the 
ill  supposed  him  long  since 
)  in  North  Carolina.  Imme- 
he  fort  in  a  state  of  defense, 
ir  the  command  of  British 
'as  called  upon  to  surrender, 
would  give  him  two  days  to 
;  the  expiration  of  the  time, 
urrendering.  at  least  for  tb< 

which  ended,  as  might  have 

enemy ;  and  the  party  sent 
'he  attack  then  commenced, 
I  on  the  fort,  and  killing  bat 
ed  with  the  lou  of  twentj* 


ROUTB    OF  THE  OHIO   BIVEB. 


133 


;7en  killed,  and.  large  number  wounded.    This  wa.  the  '"' "'^"V '""'^ 
L,„  on  Itoonsborougb;  and  Boone  having  once  more  brought  hi.  am^b  to 
uX  place,  the  settlement  en  joyc-d  pc«»  and  prosperity  for  «.veral  ><»"•  J" 
,;"th  of  August,  1-S2,  Boono  was  engag.-d  in  the  memorable  and  di«.. 
il  .1,.  of  the  Bit- E  I.ICM.     Our  limits  will  not  admit  of  a  full  account 
rtls'lt^^it  to  say.  that  Boone  ---.ed  himself  w.^  th.t 
LllKntry  and  fearless  courage,  which  always  characterised  him  n  the  hour 
^f   "a      A  short  time  after  this  battle,  he  accompanied  Oen.  Clark  in  h« 
c'p^itlon  against  the  Indians,  which  wa.,  the  last  campaign  of  any  note  in 
"h^h  ho  was  engaged.    In  the  year  17«5,  he  left  Kentucky,  and  sUrt«d  for 
he  Iksof  the  MTssnuri.  where  he  lived  nntil  1820.  when  he  resigned  his 
l^^rto  it.  mother  earth,  and  took  his  aight  to  realm,  of  jo,  and  peace.    Ue 
(lied  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-nine  y.»rs. 

Th!  remains  of  Col.  lk»ne  and  his  wife  have  been  removed  to  Frankfort, 
Kentucky,  and  now  lie  entombed  at  that  place.  The  ..moval  of  the  bodies 
U,ok  1' *^  on  the  13th  of  September,  1»«.  There  i.  a  monument  erected 
to  mark  the  place  of  the  repose  of  this  true  nobleman  of  nature.  A  monu- 
ment  to  him  cannot  add  to  his  fame;  he  has  reared  a  name  among  men 
which  is  more  durable  than  marble,  and  will  Uveas  long  a.  virtue  exists, 
and  good  deeds  are  appreciated. 

Preston,  is  a  small  village  just  below  the  month  of  the 
KentucUy  river,  named  in  honor' of  Col.  Preston,  of  Virginia. 
11  contaiDS  2  stores,  and  about  1 50  inlmbilanls. 

Madison,  county  scat  of  JefFerson  county,  Indiana,  Bituated 
on  f^  Ohio"  twelve  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky 
Hver.  is  one  of  the  largest  and  n.ost  important  con'm^rclal  cities 
in  tlie  state.  It  is  beautifully  located  in  a  valley,  about  three- 
ou  ths  of  a  mile  in  width  and  three  miles  in  length,  lying  in  a 
bend  of  the  river,  and  surrounded  by  steep  and  rugged  hills, 
from  four  to  five  huudred  feet  in  hight.  .  The  princM>ul  part  of 
the  city  is  situated  more  than  thirty  feet  above  the  highest  floods 

°^'^e  u'LdeTMadison  is  quite  extensive,  '.nd  the  manufactures 
are  very  hnportuut.  The  principal  part  of  the  trade  of  the  c.ty 
"11*1^1  a„d  pork,  tho^se  articles  being  the  cl"e/P'°'i »«•«»' 
the  state.  For  many  years  after  the  settlement  of  Madison,  itj 
progress  was  slow  ;  b'ut'for  the  P-*  twenty  vears  it '•-  ""P™"'^ 
verv  rapidly.  "The  population  in  18J0  was  2,000,  n  1B40,  4,0UU, 
Ind  n"v  t  is  10,0(10.'^  There  has  lately  been  built  a  fine  new 
holerat  a  cost  of  $30,000  which  has  added  "'""h  to  the  appear- 
anco  of  the  city.  The  other  buildings  of  note  in  the  city,  are 
?he  court-house^,  jail,  and  county  offices,2  ,j,arket.house,, a  Wnk, 
2  schools,  and  about  15  churches.    Several  of  these  buildings  aro 


'  wyfi?'i?.>?'y''' 


J 


134 


ROUTE   OF   THK   OHIO  RIVER. 


hBiidsome  and  costly  edifices.  Madison  contains  nevefHl  mills  of 
various  kinds,  founderlcs,  factories,  and  a  largo  number  of  sloreg, 
many  of  wliich  are  wholesale  houses,  and  do  un  extensive  business. 
The  Madison  and  Indianapolis  Railroad  was  completed  in  ths 
vcar  1H49,  and  is  one  of  the  most  important  works  in  the  state. 
'I'his  road  extends  through  some  of  th  -.  most  populous  and  pro- 
ductive districts  of  the  State  of  Indiana,  and  is  of  immense  ad- 
vantage to  Madison  in  a  comnierciul  point  of  view.  There  are 
several  branches,  extending  from  the  main  road,  which  tend  to 
enhance  the  importance,  and  increase  the  business  of  this  road. 
There  are  several  important  towns  on  the  ruilroad  between  Mad- 
ison and  Indianapolis,  among  which  ure  Virnon,  Columbus, 
Frankun,  and  some  others  of  minor  importance. 

IndiDnnpalis,  rapltal  of  the  State  of  Indiana,  and  scat  of  Justice  for 
Marion  county,  is  situated  on  the  West  Korli  of  White  river.  It  Ilea  on  a 
beautiful  plain,  neatly  in  the  center  of  the  county.  The  location  Is  healthy 
and  every  way  desirable.  The  city  was  laid  out  in  the  yi*r  1820,  for  the 
purpose  of  making  it  the  seat  of  government.  At  that  time  the  country 
around  was  an  unbroken  wilderncsa.  It  was  but  a  short  time,  however,  till 
the  town  began  to  Improve,  and  it  has  continued  to  go  on  steadily  up  to  this 
time.  The  commerce  and  manufactures  of  Indianupolis  are  In  a  flourishing 
condition.  The  city  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  most  fertUe  agricultural 
district,  with  uumemus  facilities  for  transportation.  Indianapolis  is  tb* 
great  center  of  a  system  of  no  less  than  dghl  railroads  of  an  aggregate  length 
within  the  state  of  1,100  miles,  vU. :  The  Madison  from  the  south,  the  Law- 
reuceburg  from  the  south-east,  the  Central  from  the  cast,  the  Bellefontaine 
from  the  north.east,  the  Peru  firom  the  north,  the  Lafayette  firom  the  north- 
west, the  Tcrre  Haute  from  the  west,  and  the  New  Albany  from  the  south. 
Into  one  depot,  called  the  Phion  Depot,  all  these  roads  run,  each  road  having 
a  separate  freight  depot,  connected  with  the  main  DouWo-Onion-Track  by  a 
turn-out  switch.  The  building  is  of  brick^20  tmt  by  100  foet,  with  five  tracks 
for  passenger  trslns  Inside,  and  two  for  the  pamagc  of  freight  trains  outside, 
with  rooms  for  passengers,  *c  It  la  the  joint  property  of  the  different  com- 
panies using  It,  the  presld<>nts  of  which  form  a  union  board  of  management 
of  it.  Passengers  change  from  car  to  car  without  leaving  the  building.  Thes* 
advantages  i«nder  the  onward  progress  of  Indianapolia  a  certrinty. 

The  public  buildings  are,  a  fine  state-house,  80  by  160  Ibut,  erected  at  a  coit 
of  $fi0,000,  7  first  class  hotels,  a  splendid  masonic  hall,  a  court-house,  8  Mi» 
Insries,  and  17  churches,  a  number  of  private  and  district  schools,  6  mills,  2 
carding  machines,  2  founderlcs  and  machine  shops,  and  about  130  stores  of 
varioua  kinds.  There  are  some  important  sUte  instituttons  near  tba  city, 
which  have  bwn  but  recently  esUblished,  and  which  deserve  separate  notkxi. 


<;|.JiUJi?J*»"f.;." 


RIVSR. 

;onlains  nevefnl  mills  or 
I  liirgo  number  of  Blorps, 
lio  uii  extennive  busiiiiiB. 
(i  was  completed  in  the 
rtant  works  in  the  state, 
iiost  populous  and  pro- 
and  is  of  Immense  ad- 
lilt  of  view.  There  aro 
lin  roiid,  which  tend  to 
le  business  of  this  road. 
B  ruilroiul  betweou  Mad- 
ire  Vernon,  Columbus, 
portance. 

diana,  and  scat  of  Justice  for 
if  White  river.  It  lie*  on  a 
nty.  The  location  Is  healthy 
It  Id  the  yvar  18'20,  for  the 
At  that  time  the  country 
ut  a  short  time,  faoweTer,  till 
d  to  go  on  atuadily  up  to  this 
lanupolls  are  In  s  flourishing 
f  a  most  fertile  agticultUTRl 
rtation.  Indianapolis  ii  the 
ilroada  of  an  aggregate  length 
on  from  the  south,  the  Law- 
m  the  cast,  the  Bellefontaine 
Lhe  Lafayette  trom  the  north- 
New  Albany  from  the  south. 
)  roads  run,  each  road  hatriog 
ain  Douhle-Union-Track  by  a 
wt  by  100  feet,  with  fiTotraclu 
sage  of  freight  trains  outside, 
property  of  the  different  com* 
union  board  of  management 
It  leaving  the  building.  Thes* 
ianapolis  a  certidntjr. 
10  by  160  fiMtt,  erected  at  a  cost 
nic  hall,  a  rourt-houM,  8  i 
and  district  schools,  6  mills,  2 
ihops,  and  about  ISO  stores  of 
tte  institutions  near  Um  city, 
rhich  doserre  separate  noUoN. 


ROUTE  OF  TUK   OHIO   RIVKR. 


tm 


Ta«  AsnoM  FOB  THE  DsAF  AND  DUMB,  was  established  by  an  act  of  the 
state  legislature,  in  ISM.  The  buildings  ore  located  in  a  beautiful  grove, 
about  a  mile  ea»t  of  the  city.  The  whole  length  of  the  main  building  to 
two  hundred  and  fifty-six  feet,  and  is  beautifully  stuccoed  with  hydraulic 
cement.  There  are  now  over  one  hundred  pupils  in  attendance,  and  the 
institution  Is  in  a  very  flourishing  condition.  The  session  commences  on  the 
first  Wednesday  In  October,  and  closes  on  the  last  Wednesday  In  July. 

Till  IHDIANA  Institute  for  ths  Edocatiom  or  the  Blind,  was  founded  In 
1847,  by  legislatiTe  enactment  It  occupies  a  beautiful  site  of  eight  acres  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  city.  The  building  is  four  stories  high,  including 
basement,  with  a  fine  portico  in  front,  and  Is,  no  doubt,  large  enough  to 
meet  the  wants  of  the  slate  for  several  years  to  come. 

The  Indiana  IIospitai.  for  the  Insanf.,  is  beautifully  located  on  a  farm 
of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  two  miles  west  of  Indianapolis.  The  cost 
of  farm  and  buildings  is  cstimatod  at  $72,000.  The  present  edifice  wUl 
accommodate  two  huniire<l  patients.  The  institution  is  In  a  very  prosperou* 
condition,  and  the  nuinlwr  of  Inmates  is  constantly  Increasing. 

The  populaUon  in  1830,  was  1,100;  in  1840,  2,700,  and  in  I860, 8,000.    ^,^ 

IVIilton,  Trimble  county,  Kentucky,  is  a  small  village  situ- 
ated nearly  opposite  Madison.  It  contains  2  stores,  a  post  ofSce, 
and  about  150  inhabitants. 

Hanover,  six  miles  below  Modison,  in  Jefferson  county,  it 
a  beaullfnl  town,  situated  on  the  high  bluffs  of  the  Ohio.  Th« 
town  was  first  settled  in  1810,  and  now  contains  about  600  inhab- 
itanu. 

Hanover  College,  established  about  thirty  years  ago  by  Rev.  J. 
F.  Crowe,  D.  D.,  and  the  Hon.  W.  Dunn,  is  a  literary  institution 
of  the  highest  order.    The  average  number  of  students  is  about  100. 

TVCW  liOndon,  four  miles  below  Hanover,  in  the  same 
county  ana  state,  is  a  small  village,  containing  1  store,  and  about 
40  inhubitantfl. 

Bethlehem,  situated  eight  miles  below  New  London,  la 
Clark  county,  Indiana,  Is  a  small  town,  containing  a  church,  sev- 
eral stores,  and  a  population  of  about  .300. 

IVcStpOlt,  situated  on  the  Ohli  river,  in  Oldham  county, 
Kentucky,  six  miles  below  Bethlehem,  is  a  village  of  some  impor- 
tance, containing  1  mill,  3  stores,  2  churches,  and  about  300 
Inhabitants.  Westport  was  formerly  the  county  seat,  but  for 
some  mysterious  cause  which  the  worthy  inhabitants  could  never 
{atiiortf,  the  seat  of  justice  was  removed  to  LaGrunge,  where 
there  Is  a  Masonic  college  under  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Kentucky. 


9»rf^  -"o-^W^i^^ 


MH4;.-.,*..  ^,V»»-*V 


ROUTE   OF   TUB   OHIO  RIVBB. 


136 

IKlrn,  nve  miie»  urmw     ..,..,.„  otn      The  article  known 

"•iim^invi  ic   n^ne  miles  below  Utica.  in  the  "»"'»  Jo«"- 
jcn<  1  »""*■■"'         ,      hi  u  it  is  in  constant  communlca- 
ty,  opposite  ^o"''v  11-^^^^^^^^^  finely  local- 

tion  by  mpaiis  of  a  «t«'"'"'"y  ^med  in  honor  of  Mr.  Jefferson, 
ed  town  for  business.  "*'""""^®°^.L  ,,,,,!„„»  State  Penlten- 
who  furnished  a  plan  f°^t''«  *»'*"•  J?* iynnd  well  adapted 

has'lla  southern  terminus  here. 


VIEW   OF   LOUISVILLE. 


IX,«l«Vllle,  county  seat  «f  i«SonX"7outKn?Jf 
and  the  largest  city  in  the  state,  »"  «'»,^3  wer,o„gitude  SP  45' 

the  Ohio  river,  in  "°^"' '""i*"^?/,"    "^A'^nJ^fch-     It  i*  la'd  •«' 
form  Washington,  and  85°  30  trom  ^''««"J*'J'^  ,    .     ije. 
Slarly.     The  principal  b»«i"eB»  «  «jf,J^  ^^  ^'.^O  fee^^^^^^^^ 
^rhc  commerce  °f  L°u.sville  is  very  ex  ei»ive    i  ^^  ^^ 

"^  TP'i^l'ootfoX  'ThrrnuStots  a"  also 'numerous  and 
■learl-  $10,000,000.  1 D"*  ■"*""'  ,  ,,,„  manufacture  of  bageiug. 
flou  ishing;  the;«be  ''g8f»ctorie^^^^^^  ^  ^„1,.„g 

» orcage,  rope,  &c..  12  iron  toun^^''"  '  le^fnctory,  1  nail  fac- 


The] 

tliem  li 

Ihirly  i 

Epi»co| 

1  Beth 

Culliuli 

Tlio 

nnd  grc 

The  fir 

The 

iiistitui 

enjoys 

Imiidso 

lege  Hr 

The 

for  sic 

gerous 

taiice. 

The 

the  hi 

1^42. 

The  St 

cution 

kinds 

H  llvel 

BesI 

hall,  a 

asyiai 

the  ci 

oral  fi 

Louis 

Th< 

viUeJ 

Demoi 

Bann 

VMthni 

Sur(/i 

Th 

tion  t 

merci 

by  bi 

grade 

isina 

plyo 


•-^>®K 


/;.ssrrs'3^js5»i'ssr«rii*swr"' 


R1VKR. 

miles  below  Westport, 
rleslon,  which  is  situated 

I  Landing,  is  a  small  vil- 
350.     The  article  known 
lere  in  large  quantities, 
r  Utica,  in  the  same  conn- 
1  in  constant  communica- 
pleasantand  finely  locat- 
1  honor  of  Mr.  Jefferson, 
he  Indiana  State  Peniten- 
building,  and  well  adapted 
town  also  contains  a  land 
and  a  population  of  2,000. 
lad,  (completed  to  Colum- 
.,  with  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO    RIVKR. 


137 


VILLI. 

Pfferson  county,  Kentucky, 
uated  on  the  south  bank  ot 
y,  and  west  longitude  8°  4o 
Greenwich.     It  ts  laid  out 
reels  are  120  feet  wide. 
y  extensive  ;  the  net  amount 
business  being  estimated  at 
orles  are  also  numerous  and 
r  the  manufacture  of  baggiiig. 
is,  1  brass  foundery,  1  rolling 
hite  lead  factory,  1  nail  toe- 
candle  factories,  pork  houses, 
tobllahmenU  of  various  kinds. 


The  public  buildings  of  Lonlaville  are  numerous,  and  some  of 
them  handsome  spechnens  of  architecture.  The  churches  ara 
Ihirlv  in  numlur,  viz  :  9  Methodist,  5  Baptist,  2  Universalist,  3 
Kpisbopalian,  1  Unitarian,  4  Presbyterian,  1  Christian  Disciples, 
I  Bethel,  1  Free  church,  1  Jewish  Synagogue,  and  2  Roman 

CutlluliC.  „  ,..  I  .         n  .   L. 

The  Uninrrsily  of  LnuisBille  has  a  fine  edifice,  and  is  a  flourisliing 
nnd  growing  Institution .  It  has  boen  estal)lisliod  but  a  few  years. 
'I'll.!  first  course  of  lectures  was  delivered  in  the  winter  of  1847. 

The  Medical  Instilute,  founded  in  the  year  IH:)7,  is  a  public 
instituUon  of  high  rank.  It  has  been  extensively  patronized,  and 
enjoys  the  enliro  confidence  of  iu  patrons.  Tlie  edifice  is  a 
liaiuisome  and  elegant  structure;  and  the  arrangements  of  the  col- 
leire  arc  surpassed  bv  none  iu  the  West.  _ 

The  Marine  llnspiluU  established  in  1 820,  as  a  place  of  refnge 
for  sick  and  disabled  boatmen,  is  an  institution  which  the  dan- 
gerous navigation  of  our  western  waters  renders  of  vast  impor- 
tance. _ 

The  Asylum  for  the  Blind,  is  a  noble  institution,  and  reflects 
the  highest  honor  on  the  state.  It  was  established  in  the  year 
1^42.  The  building  of  the  institution  is  large  and  commodious. 
The  students  are  instructed  in  all  the  principal  branches  of  edu- 
cation taught  in  our  colleges.  They  are  also  instructed  in  various 
kinds  of  mechanical  arts,  by  which  they  may  be  enabled  to  oara 

H  livelihood.  ,      „ ,         ,  .  ... 

Besides  these  buildings,  there  is  a  splendid  court-house  and  city 
hall,  a  city  and  county  jail,  a  large  theatre,  a  hospital,  2  orphan 
asylums,  a  Magdalen  asylum.  4  large  school-houses  belonging  to 
the  city,  4  market-houses,  a  city  work-house,  5  banks,  and  sev- 
eral fine  hotels,  the  principal  of  which  are  the  Gait  House  and 
Louisville  Hotel 

The  newspapers  and  periodicals  of  Louisville  are, — The  h)uis- 
vitU  Journal,  Morning  Courier,  Eoemng  Express,  and  LoninilU 
Democrat,  dailies;  and  the  LnuitvUle  Christian  Advoeate,  Baptigt 
Haniirr,  Presbyterian  Herald,  SpirU  of  the  Age,  Exmnxner,  and 
CatAo/ic  AdB0ca<f,  weeklies;  the  Western  Journal  of  Medicine  and 
Surtfrry,  monthly;  and  the  Southern  Methodist  Quarterly  Review. 

The  falls  in  the  Ohio,  just  below  Louisville,  are  a  groat  obstruc- 
tion to  navigation,  and  a  serious  hindrance  to  the  trade  and  com- 
merce of  the  whole  river.  This  has  been  in  some  measure  t  oviated 
by  building  s  canal,  with  locks,  to  overcome  the  difference  m 
erade  from  Louisville  to  Portland,  two  miles  below.  1  he  Miial 
is  Inadequate  to  the  wants  of  navigation ;  many  of  the  boats  which 
ply  on  our  western  waters  are  unable  to  get  Uirough.     1  he  a.ten- 


Jh>   t<t*rr^m.**..- 


1S8 


ROUTK   OF  THE   OHIO   BIVIB. 


tlon  of  govuriiment  lius  bppu  cnlled  to  thin  rri«Piit«>(lly ;  yet  It  ro 
niuliiii,  118  tiprotoforp.  in  tlio  IiuikIh  of  a  comjiaiiy  of  ciipitnliHtti. 

Aftur  Home  iMuy,  Louisvillti  has  uwakeiied  to  a  kiiowleiige  of 
the  neccsjiity  of  coniu'cllng  herself  with  her  sister  oilies  by  iron 
bonds,  and  has  made  herself  a  center  for  quite  a  number  of  roiids, 
viz.:  the  Frankfort  &,  Lexington,  the  Nashville,  and  the  Clnciii- 
nat<,  south  of  the  Ohio;  am!  the  Liifayette  St,  New  Albany,  and 
the  JetTersonville  &  Columbus  on  the  north. 

Louisville  was  first  settled  in  the  year  1778,  by  H  few  families, 
who  emigrated  from  Virginia  under  Gen  George  Rogers  Clark. 
They  built  a  block-house  where  Lonisville  now  stands,  and  were 
Boon  joined  by  numerous  other  parties  of  emigrants.  The  town 
was  established  by  the  Virginia  legislature  in  the  year  17H0,  and 
at  that  time  contained  just  tAir^y  inhahitants.  The  settlers  suf- 
fered severely  for  many  years,  from  the  encroachments  of  the 
savages.  In  the  year  ICiOO,  Louisville  contained  a  population  of 
600;  in  1810,  1,3(10;  in  1^20,  4,000;  in  1830,  10,000;  in  1840, 
21,000;  and  la  1850,50,000. 

$illippillK'^P<>rt«  situated  two  miles  below  Louisville,  in 
the  same  county,  is  a  small  village  at  the  mouth  of  tlie  canal. 

Portland,  three  miles  below  Louisville,  also  in  Jefferson 
county,  is  a  place  of  considerable  importance,  on  account  of  the 
large  steamers  generally  making  it  a  stopping-place,  not  being  able 
to  get  through  the  canal.  There  is  a  line  of  omnibuses  running 
from  Portland  to  Louisville,  for  the  convenience  of  travelers.  It 
contains  about  a  dozen  stores,  and  a  population  of  600. 

New  Albsiny.  county-scat  of  Hoy d  county,  Indiana,  Is  sit- 
uated opposite  Portland,  and  is  one  of  tiio  most  important  towns 
in  the  state.  It  was  laid  out  in  the  year  1813,  by  three  brothers 
of  the  name  of  Scrlbner,  with  wide  streets  and  convenient  side- 
walks. It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  New  Albany  &  Salem 
Railroad,  connecting  tlie  Ohio  river  with  Lake  Michigan  at  Chi- 
cago, via  Micliigan  City  ;  and  crossing  and  intersecting  the  nu- 
merous roads  passing  across  Indiana. 

The  business  of  steamboat  building  Is  carried  on  here  to  a 
greater  extent  than  any  other  place  in  the  state.  Other  branches 
of  mechanics  are  also  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

There  are  11  churclies,  viz:  3  Baptist,  1  Episcopalian,  2  Metho- 
dist, 1  Lutheran,  2  Presbyterian,  1  Catholic,  and  1  Christian. 
There  is  also  a  collegiate  institute,  a  Presbyterian  theological 
seminary,  2  district  schools,  several  private  schools,  1  bank,  9 
printing  offices,  3  iron  founderies,  1  brass  foundery,  1  bagging 
factory,  and  about  130  stores  of  various  kinds.  In  1830,  the 
population  of  New  Albany  waa  2,000;  In  1840,  4,285j  in  1850, 
11,000. 


>   RIVKR. 


thin  rri.Piiteilly;  yet  It  re 
cuinpaiiy  of  ciipitaliHlH. 
ikeiied  to  u  kiiowluilge  of 
tl>  lif  r  xiHter  cilieH  by  iron 
r  quite  u  iiutnlii-r  of  Toiuit, 
Mushville,  uiid  tlin  Cliiciii- 
(•etie  &.  New  Albany,  uiid 
north. 

ir  1778,  by  h  fow  familiea, 
ion.  George  Rogers  Cliirk, 
ville  now  stands,  and  were 
of  emigrants.  The  town 
ture  in  the  year  17H0,  and 
'lUantg.  The  settlers  siif- 
tho  encroachments  of  the 
contained  a  |iv)piilHtloii  of 
in  1830,  10,000;  In  lb40, 

miles  below  Louisville,  in 
he  mouth  of  the  canal. 
DUisville,  also  in  Jefferson 
ortiince,  on  account  of  the 
ipping-place,  not  being  able 
line  of  omnibuses  running 
nvcnienco  of  travelers.  It 
opniation  of  600. 
oyd  county,  Indiana,  Is  sit- 
tiio  most  important  towns 
?ar  1813,  by  three  brothers 
treets  and  convenient  side- 
r  the  New  Albany  &.  Salem 
■ith  Lake  Michigan  at  Chi- 
g  and  intersecting  the  nu- 

g  Is  carried  on  here  to  a 
the  state.  Other  branches 
condition. 

it,  1  Episcopalian,  2  Metbo- 
Catholic,  and  1  Christian, 
a  Presbyterian  theological 
private  schools,  1  bank,  3 
brass  foundery,  1  bagging 
rious  kinds.  In  1830,  the 
)j  In  1840,  4,225;  In  1850, 


ROUTE   or   THE   OHIO   RIVKR. 


1S8 


There  U  a  rnilroml  from  this  place  to  Salem,  and  is  intended  to 
b,-  eiirried  slill  further.  This,  when  completed,  will  add  much  to 
the  importance  of  the  city. 

Sleiimboiits  arrive  and  depart  dally  for  all  points  on  the  Ohio 
nml  MisRi'<slppi  river».  Stages  leave  regularly  for  bt.  Louis, 
Indianapolis,  and  Madison. 

Salt  River,  rises  in  Boyle  county,  Kentncky.and,  ?»""'''« 
a  north-westerly  course  of  about  200  mile.s,  empties  into  the  Ohio 
river  at  llie  line  between  JefTerson  and  Hardin  counties.  lU 
mouth  is  200  yards  wide.  It  .lerived  its  name  from  the  ni'mermw 
salt  licks  along  iU  banks.  The  first  salt  made,  was  at  Bullitt  « 
old  licks,  about  three  miles  from  Shepardsville.  1  he  settlers  in 
the  neiirhhorhoo.!  of  Salt  river  experienced  n  full  share  of  those 
hardships  common  to  tlie  pioneers  of  our  western  country.  1  He 
di-itrict  of  country  through  whicli  Salt  river  runs,  comprise, 
some  of  the  most  fertile  lands  in  the  state 

Salt  river  is  navigable  for  flat-bottom  boaU,  for  a  distance  of 
150  miles. 

Harrodaburg,  county  «e»t  of  Mcroer  county,  1«  situated  sbout  a  mile 
from  the  tanks  of  S»lt  rl»er,  and  near  tlie  hem!  waters  of  that  stream.  It  Is 
a  lieautifully  locat^-d  town,  >tan>ling  on  a  commanOiiig  emlm^nee,  and  sur- 
rounili>d  by  a  fine  country.  It  contains  the  uoual  county  buildings,  6 
cliur -hull,  a  colluge,  seminary,  2  academies,  atout  'iO  Btores,  1  printing  olBce, 
Kvcral  fiu^torics,  a  numtjer  of  mechanics'  shops,  and  a  population  of  1,800. 
It  roceivcd  lu  namo  In  honor  of  the  llarrod  family,  who  emigratod  to  Ken- 
tucky at  an  early  period. 

The  Marrmlsbarg  SIprings,  situated  near  Harradsburg,  is  one  of 
the  most  celebrated  waU-ring  places  in  the  state  The  waters  contain  sulphate 
of  magnesia,  carbmate  of  magnesia,  sulphate  of  lime,  aulpbatu  of  soda.  Iron, 
cnrlmnate  of  llmo,  and  sulphureted  hydrogen. 

The  proprietor  of  the  Springs,  Dr.  Christopher  Oraham,  has  sirecte*  a 
roiisniflcent  hotel,  and  laid  out  extensive  and  beautiful  grounds,  at  a  cost  of 
$1100.000.  The  medicinal  virtues  of  the  waUtrs,  and  the  excellent  accommo- 
dations, attract  crowds  of  visitors  during  the  summer  season. 

DaBTille,  county-seat  of  Boyle,  8  milis  troni  Ilarrodsliurg,  Is  an  outer 
prising  pla(  e,  laid  out  with  wide  streets,  tnUirsectlng  each  other  at  right  an- 
gles. It  has  a  railroad  connection  with  Lexington,  Kenlucky,  and  Is  on  the 
line  of  railway  from  that  city  to  lutersert  the  UhaUiiooga  road  li>  Tennessee, 
via  M.iMiuuvllle.  Danvllb  college,  so  long  under  the  (.barge  of  Preaklant 
VuUDg,  is  locat«d  here,  and  Is  very  ttouriablng. 


,40  BOt/TCE  OF  THE  OHIO   MVm. 

l'"".  •    ,H   4  «iore8  anil  about  200  inhaWlanU. 

amall  village,  in  Harrison  county ,  li"^''"^- 

KSi  sir.",  iiip-rrrsii.. «. .»»..  .>»" 

tion  »;  "bo|J  300.  _^^^^^^  ^^^        ^^j  ^^ 

,„t^S?SlS!  at*  Kft^tween  Crawford  uuU  Perry  count... 


C4 

tiicli; 
iture 
nbuu 
nt  lit 
B 
twcl) 
creel 
jail, 
600  1 

Si 

coun 
chur 
eHtal 

Sj 

tlie  ' 
cour 
sudil 

Etillll 

Will 


.._,»,g,g^.»44a^t.>.w4U.J/;4'g^ 


a  RIVKR. 


ROUTE    or   TUB    OHIO  RIVKR. 


141 


lio,  just  below  tlt«  mouth 
thriving  llltle  vllliige,  iloi- 
It  coiitoir.*  au  extensive 
[tliitants. 

Meude  county,  KentucVy, 
river,  on  a  high  bluff  batik 
ide,  being  a  ghipplng  point 
CO  It  contalnH  2  mills,  i 
ileal  Hhops,  and  about  700 

IcB  below  Brandenburg,  to  « 

iuna.     It  coutainB  one  store, 

1,  30. 

aelow  Mauckport,  Is  a  imall 

lins  but  few  houses,  and  \a 

I. 

Blow  Northampton,  also  In 

lage,  containing  2  stores,  and 

rises  in  Washington  county, 

direction  for  the  distance  of 

Oliio  about  two  miles  above 

of  Crowford  county,  Indiana, 
miles  below  Amsterdam.  It 
ed  for  business;  being  at  the 
in  Indiana.  The  country  In 
Bdinely  fertile,  and  well  cultl- 
of  this  town,  will,  at  no  very 
business  place.  Leavenworth 
iper  printing  office,  about  X 

ustlce  for  Crawford  county,  Ij 
r  Leavenworth,  on  a  high  bluft 
f  a  dozen  stores,  and  a  popula- 

I  Crawford  county,  and  emptiei 
Crawford  and  Perry  counties. 

es  below  Fredonla,  just  below 
a  Perry  county,  Indiana,  U  a 
louses.    Population,  100. 


Concordia,  ten  miles  below  Alton,  In  Meade  county,  Ken- 
tucky, Is  a  pleunantly  situated  villHgc,  coiituiniiig  1  church,  3 
stores,  and  about  75  inliabituiits.  The  hills  In  this  mlgliborhood 
abound  in  beds  of  limestone  rock,  from  which  Ininiense  ijuantilies 
of  lime  are  made, 

Rome,  county  seat  of  Perry  county,  Indiana,  is  situated 
twelve  miles  below  Conconiiu,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Sinking 
creek.  It  was  settled  in  1811,  and  now  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  county  seminary,  3  churches,  a  number  of  stores,  and  about 
600  Inhabitants. 

Stephensport,  situated  opposite  Rome,  In  Breckenridge 
county,  Kentucky,  is  a  pleasant  little  village,  contuining  2 
churches,  several  stores,  and  a  population  of  about  250.  It  was 
established  in  1825,  and  is  now  rupldly  growing  into  importance. 
Sinking  €rcek,  is  a  very  remarkable  stream.  It  rises  in 
the  upper  part  of  Breckenridge  county,  and  after  pursuing  a 
course  of  about  six  miles,  suddenly  sinks  Into  the  ground,  and  as 
suddenly  bursts  into  view  about  five  miles  from  the  spot  where  it 
sunk.  Of  its  subterraneous  passage,  nothing  definite  is  known. 
Whether  the  depth  to  which  it  sinks  is  but  a  few  feet,  or  many, 
or  whether  It  pursues  a  straight  course,  or  a  meandering  one,  la 
all  doubt  and  speculation. 

On  the  banks  of  this  creek  rtiay  be  seen  a  natural  rock  n*l- 
dam,  which  serves  all  the  purposes  of  one  constructed  by  the 
hand  of  man.  There  has  been  a  mill  erected  just  below  this  dam. 
Not  fur  from  this  place  is  a  cave  called  Ponitenliury  Cave,  of 
vast  size,  and  coutuining  many  mugnificcut  apartments.  Collins' 
Kentucky  says  :  "  In  one  of  the  rooms  about  one  hundred  yards 
from  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  the  roof  is  from  sixty  to  seventy 
feet  high,  and  on  the  floor  there  are  three  natural  basins  or  troughs 
of  cool,  clear  water,  of  very  remarknblo  construction  and  appear- 
ance, fifteen  feet  in  length,  four  feet  wide,  and  twelve  inches  deep. 
These  basins  are  elevated  above  the  level  of  the  floor,  in  the  form 
of  troughs;  and  i(  is  remarkable,  that  the  stones  which  form  the 
sides  and  ends  of  the  basins,  do  not  exceed  iu  thickness  the  blade 
of  a  table  knife." 

ClOVCrport,  situated  ten  miles  below  Sinking  creek,  in 
the  same  county,  is  a  place  of  some  commercial  imporcunce. 
There  Is  considerable  shipping  done  from  this  point,  mostly  con- 
sisting of  tobacco.  The  town  contains  quite  a  number  of  stores, 
and  a  population  of  about  800. 

There  are  extensive  and  almost  inexhaustible  beds  of  coal  in 
this  viciuity.    But  little  attention  has  yet  beeu  turned  to  these 


^I'.iji*'  " 


..,^(35^.  *^^M^ 


142 


ROUtK   OF   THl  OHIO   RIVKR. 


Nt'Bf  Cloverporf,  nn-  llu' Whitk  Sim.piiiir,  HRECKKNHioor,  nml 
Tar  SpRiNds.  'I'lie  wiil.T  of  thiHK  8|iriiinH  U  highly  moillcatrd, 
uiul  tli.-y  iir«  becoming  a  fiwliioimble,  and  juslly  celobruted  water- 
ing |>lucf . 

llaWt'SVlUc,  rminty  H.at  of  Hiincock  county,  Kentucky, 
iHHiluiiti'.l  fourl.en  uiil.'s  h.luw  Clov.ryuri,  on  tho  OUlo.  The 
town  lius  coiisUcMblu  truiie,  being  sltualed  In  the  coul  region,  and 
being  conveniently  lociited  for  U«.uls  passing  up  and  down  the 
river.  It  contuins  u  coiirt-liou«e,  .all,  U  churcheii,  2iichooli,  uboat 
u  iiozen  Hlores,  and  a  pu|iulaliun  ul  bOO. 

About  lour  miles  from  llawesville,  may  be  «een  a  natural  fortl- 
fionlion.  It  is  a  circulur  plul  of  land,  nnrronnded  by  Umccesalble 
dills,  rising  to  llie  bight  of  from  lifly  to  one  hundred  and 
twenty-live  foet,  and  projecting  over  at  the  top. 

i'nilliclton,  is  situated  opposite  to  llawesville.  In  Perry 
county,  Indiana.  This  nourishing  village  promises  to  become 
an  Important  manufuctiiring  city,  and  that  at  no  very  distant  day. 
In  the  year  lei4I>,  its  population  w^a  about  500;  it  is  now  oslimalod 
Bt  2,000.  No  place  on  the  river  seems  to  be  increasing  wiUi 
■ucli  unparalleled  rapi-iity.  The  chief  business  of  the  town  liM 
been  the  i ing  of  coul  for  steamboats.  Kecently  a  large  num- 
ber of  capitalists  have  commenced  at  this  place,  tlie  business  of 
nwnufacturing.  The  excellence  and  cheapness  of  coal,  building 
■tone,  fire  clay,  &c.,  together  with  the  hcaltliintSband  convenience 
of  tnc  site,  fully  warrant  the  belief,  that  this  -nin'-Tul  dlatriot  will 
become  one  of  the  most  important  manufacturing  positions  in  the 
world.  The  coul  hills  seem  to  .xlend  along  the  river  more  than 
five  miles.  The  depth  of  the  coal  strata  averages  about  four  and 
a  half  feel;  this  is  underlaid  by  fire  clay,  and  runs  into  the  hills  with 
ail  !<iclination  toward  the  river  sntHci-nt  for  natural  drainage 

The  Caiineltuii  Oilton  MM,  situated  in  the  center  of  the  town, 
is  2tiT  feet  long,  G7  feet  wiile,  with  towers  106  feet  high,  it  Is 
constructed  entirely  of  a  beautiful  sandstone,  which  is  cut  with 
remarkable  facility  and  smoothness,  on  exposure  to  Uio  atmos- 
phere. Tlie  mill  contains  1 1,0110  spindles,  and  corresponding 
iiiuchines,  for  an  annual  proiluct  of  5,000,000  yai-ds  of  brown 
Bheeting.  This  is  said  to  be  the  most  beautiful  edifice  of  tlie  kind 
In  the  Union.  „        ,  .        ■ 

The  buildings  in  the  town  are  chiefly  of  wood,  and  seem  to 
have  been  put  up  hastily,  to  meet  the  necessities  of  cmigTants. 
The  excellence  anil  cheapness  of  stone,  however,  will  eventually 
insure  the  use  of  that  material  for  building  purposes. 

Immediately  l»elow  Canuelton  is  the  site  seleirted  for  the  monu- 
ment to  Robert  Fultou.     The  laud  was  purchased  by  blm  soou 


.uMi  1  iiim_  ;"^»tlL^.'? 


m'^:""^ 


after 
ri'fert 
pimes 
tribal 

Tl 
Andt 
must 
of  th 
this 
nere 
alwa 
mem 
Andi 
been 
for  a 
conn 
fscti 
of  cl 

n  V 

pect 

travi 

T 

inha 

A 

a  so 
navl 
affoi 

m 

stor 

I 

is  a 
of  i 

I 

coc 
dist 

WVi 

] 

sitt 
isc 
Wi 
rist 
tlie 


ROUTK    OF   THE    OHIO    RIVER. 


143 


RIVER. 

piii'R,  Hheckenriikie,  nml 
iijrs  U  highly  m'-illciitod, 
iljuslly  ccU'briited  water- 

icock  comity,  Kentucky, 
'l)un,  on  the  Ohio.  The 
Led  III  the  coul  region,  und 
usiiiiig  up  uiid  down  the 
churuhev,  SdcUooIs,  ubout 

iiy  he  ieen  a  natural  forti- 
iirruunded  by  Umccesiible 
lly  tu  one  hundred  and 
the  top. 

to  Iliiwesvillp,  in  Perry 
ltugi>  proiiiises  to  become 
hut  ut  no  very  distunt  day. 
ut  5UI);  it  is  now  ontiinutod 
111  to  be   increasing  with 

business  of  the  town  has 
I.  licceiitly  a  large  iium- 
ihis  place,  tliu  busint'ss  of 
hrupiit'SK  of  coul,  building 
ealtliiiits:,  und  convenience 
it  IlilH  inin'.'rul  dlatriot  will 
ufacturiiig  posltioiia  iu  the 
iiloiig  the  river  more  than 
tu  uvrrugetl  uhoiit  four  and 
uikI  runu  into  the  hills  with 
It  for  nuturiil  drainage 
111  the  center  of  the  town, 
iwers  106  feet  high.  It  is 
nildtoiio,  which  is  cut  with 
<u  exposure  to  Iho  atnioa- 
;>iiidli'8,  and  corresponding 
5,000,000  yai-ds  of  brown 
i>cuutirul  edifice  of  tlie  kind 

Iffly  of  wond,  and  se*m  to 
le  iircfssitifs  of  cinigTunts. 
>,  howfver,  will  eventually 
luiiig  purposes, 
site  Beii'i;ted  for  the  monu- 
'us  purchased  by  blm  soou 


aflir  the  Introduction  of  steam  qavlgatlon  on  the  Ohio,  nnd  la 
reference  tu  the  future  value  of  thesp  coul  bunks  for  steum  piir- 
iioHes.  This  place  is  peculiury  uppropriute  for  the  erection  of  a 
tribute  to  the  memory  of  that  great  uiid  world-renowned  mun. 

Troy,  situated  six  miles  below  Canneltun  near  the  mouth  of 
Anderson  river,  in  the  suiiie  county,  is  a  thriving  village,  und 
must  in  the  course  of  time,  commuiid  the  commene  of  a  portion 
of  the  rich  mineral  district  in  the  rear  and  along  the  margin  nf 
this  section  of  the  great  central  coal  field.  Should  this  district 
increiise  In  population  und  wealth,  as  accessible  coal  districts 
always  have  increased,  this  point  will  surely  bewonie  one  of  im- 
nieuBo  importunce.  The  bunks  of  the  Ohio  from  tho  mouth  of 
Anderson  river  to  Deer  creek,  and  embracing  Cannelton,  has 
been  pronounced  by  eminent  civil  engineers,  to  be  the  best  situ 
for  a  manufacturing  city,  of  any  now  known  In  this  or  any  other 
country.  There  are  more  natural  advantages  here  for  the  manu- 
facture of  great  staples,  cotton,  wool,  Iron,  and  the  various  kinds 
of  clay  und  earthenware,  than  at  any  point  known  elsewhere. 
In  view  of  the  movements  now  In  progress,  and  of  those  in  pros- 
pect, this  section  of  the  Ohio  possesses  unusual  Interest  to  the 

Troy  now  contains  2  churches,  several  stores  and  about  350 
inhabitants.  ' 

Anderson  River,  rises  in  Crawford  county,  and  flows  In 
a  southerly  direction  and  empties  into  the  Ohio  near  Troy.  It  is 
navigable  for  flatbouU  about  thirty  miles,  iu  high  wuter.  It  also 
affords  many  valuable  mill  privileges. 

jVIaxville,  situated  just  below  the  mouth  of  Anderson  river, 
in  Spencer  county,  Indiana,  is  a  small  village,  containing  several 
stores,  and  ubout  SOO  InliabltanU. 

ButOSVille,  two  miles  below  Maxvllle,  In  the  same  county. 
Is  a  small  unimportant  village,  containing  about  the  same  number 
of  inhabitants  us  Maxvllle. 

l,CWl»>port,  situated  three  mllea  below  Bntesvllle,  in  Han- 
cock county,  Kentucky,  is  a  small  village,  extending  for  some 
distance  along  the  banks  of  the  river.  It  contains  1  church, 
U'vcral  stores,  and  a  population  of  300. 

ROCkport,  seat  of  iustice  for  Spencer  county,  Indiana,  is 
situated  ttiirteen  miles  below  Lewisport,  on  the  Ohio.  Ita  name 
is  derived  from  a  hanging  rock,  known  by  the  name  of  "Lady 
Washini/toii'i  Roek."  This  rock  is  a  sandstone  formation,  and 
rUes  to  the  hight  of  about  tliirty  feet  above  the  general  level  of 
tlie  river. 
10 


'gtV-'^iajT' 


,  14  KOrTK   OF   THE   OHIO   KIVKB. 

'Yellow  Banks.  l^^^'^^^^^^ZS^^^^^  '=°"»'j;  f  Tn 
of  the  Btute.  It  <=°n^'*'"'„„^i  1  cutholic  church,  2  schools,  an 
1  Baptist,  lPr«sbytermn,«ndlUao_^^^^^ 

acadeniv,  IB  stores,  ami  a'"'7.' ,.',''  of  CoL.  Joseph  Hamilton 

dTouJs  County  y^f  ":y'^t:VSc  M^Tr'hall.aud  one  of  the 

Daviess,  brother-in-law  of  Chu-fJusuc         ^^^.^^^  Kentucky  can 

KtihS^^Tj^a^--^--^ 
of  his  bravo  troops.  Owensboro,  in  the  same 

Bon  Ilavbor,  three  n"><'^^„"'Tt.Ye  v   lage.     There  is  an 
colTnTy   is  a  thriving  and  progre  swe  htUe  v.U^  g^^  .^^ 

eddy  formed  by  a  ^ar  »  "»«  "'^"j^^.^  this  circumstance   hat  the 
excellent  harbor  for  boats.     It  is  wom  ft„e  beds  of 

name  of  the  place  «/,X's  for    narfiruring  to  u  large  and 
coal,  which  render  facilities  »«[    ""'      j     Bon  Harbor  contains 

::tensive  -"on  af  ^^^  300. 

a  number  of  stores,  ana     p  p  ^^^^^^  ^.^^^^ 

lation  of  200.  .        Enterprise,  is  a  small 

of  500.  .       .  ,     county,  Kentucky,  a"J 

«1ireen  Wiver,  rises  in  Lincoln  cou  uj.  direction 

flowing  "rough  an  exceedingy  rich  -u      y,^..n_^.^      ^^,^^^, 

1  early  west  and  north-west,  °  f '^  ;"f  „,.  Cumberland  river, 
Newbnrg,  fif'y  ™'^/^°,::  b'ow  Louisville.  It  has  been  made 
'^^■X.Tr^^^orS:'^  dams,  for  a  distance  of  one 
hundred  and  sixty  miles. 


.Hy  ^^^l^^^l;^^Mv:^^'«3;g^j^:'JgSA^/^^•'»-*«^ 


gjSlP'SSSBrrri 


10   RIVEK. 

'Zm  r.na  county  offices,  a 
several  stores,  and  a  popu- 

Daviess  comity,  Kentucky, 
rt,  on  the  Ohio  river,  at  the 
^rible  trade  with  the  .ntferior 

l-house   and  county  offices, 

Iholic  cliurch,  2  schools,  an 

inhabitants. 

,or  of  CoL.  Joseph  Hamilto. 

3tico  Marshall,  and  one  of  the 
liers.  of  which  Kentucky  can 

,t  of  major,  under  Gen.  Har 
Vabashlndians,  inlHU.    m 
lie  gallantly  heading  a  charge 

>low  Owensboro,  in  the  same 
;e  little  village.  The«  w  ar. 
,t  this  place,  whch  forms  a^ 
om  this  circumstance  thai  the 

the  vicinity  are  hue  beds  o 
nauufucturing  to  u  large  and 
ish.nent.    Bon  Harbor  contauis 
ion  of  about  300. 
w  Bon  Harbor,  is  a  small  village 
iniug  a  few  stores,  and  a  popu- 

helow  Enterprise,  is  a  small 
nty,  and  containing  only  about 

miles  below  Point  Isabel,  in 
„X  located  and  thriving  town 
bv  Michael  Spriukle,  and  was  a 
,^  contains  3  churches,  3  largo 
"Several  stores,  and  a  population 

.incoln  county,  Kentucky,  and 
V  rich  country,  in  ^/'rVf;;"" 
,ters  the  Ohio  six  miles  below 
e  raouth  of  Cumberland  nver, 
:wLoui«vill«-  It  has  been  made 
aTd  dams,  for  a  distance  of  ouo 


MAMMOTH    CAVE. 


145 


A  DESCRIPTION  OF  MAMMOTH  CAVE. 

Mammoth  Cav*,  situated  on  the  banks  of  Green  river,  in  Mmoufon 
county,  Kentucky,  is  the  most  stupendous  work  of  nature  to  be  found  any- 
where on  tho  earth.  The  following  deaerlption  is  gleaned  from  the  publieation 
of  a  visitor,  entitled  "  Rambles  in  the  Mammoth  Cave  during  the  year  1844 :  " 
For  a  distance  of  two  miles  from  the  cave,  by  the  approach  from  the  south- 
eut,  the  country  is  level.  It  was,  until  lately,  a  prairie,  on  which,  however, 
the  oak,  chestnut  and  hickory  arc  now  growing;  and  there  being  no  under- 
brush, its  smooth,  verdant  openings  present  here  and  there  a  close  resera- 
Wanco  to  the  parks  of  the  Englixh  nobility.  Emerging  from  these  beautiful 
woodlands,  the  >-isitor  is  presented  with  a  view  of  the  hotel  and  adjacent 
CTOunds.  The  hotel  is  a  large  edifice,  two  hundred  feet  long,  by  forty-five 
foot  wide,  with  piazzas  sixteen  feet  wide,  extending  the  whole  length  of  the 
building  above  and  below.    The  accommodations  of  this  hotel  ure  excellent. 

Tho  cave  is  about  two  hundred  yards  from  the  hotel,  and  is  approached 
through  a  romantic  and  beautiful  dell,  shaded  by  a  forest  of  trees  and  grape- 
vines    Passing  by  the  ruins  of  some  old  saltpet-*  furnaces,  and  large  mounds 
of  ashes,  and  turning  abruptly  to  the  right,  the  visitor  is  suddenly  startled 
bv  a  rush  of  cold  air,  and  beholds  before  him  the  yawning  mouth  of  the  great 
cavern,  dismal,  dark  and  dreary.    Descend  some  thirty  feet,  by  rude  stone 
.tops,  and  you  are  fairly  under  the  arch  of  this  «  nether  world."    Before  yon, 
in  looking  toward  the  entrance,  is  seen  a  small  stream  of  watei,  falling  from 
the  face  of  the  rock,  upon  tho  ruins  below,  and  disappearing  in  a  deep  pit. 
Proceeding  onward  about  one  hundred  feet,  tho  progress  of  the  explorer  is 
arrested  by  a  door,  set  in  a  rough  stone  wall,  which  stretches  across  and 
completely  Hocks  up  the  entrance  to  the  cave.    Pa&^ing  through  this  door, 
you  enter  a  narrow  passage,  at  tho  end  of  which  is  the  great  vestibule  or 
antechamber  of  the  cave.    This  is  a  hull  of  an  oval  shape,  two  hundred  feet 
in  length  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  wide,  with  a  roof  as  flat  and  level  aa 
if  finished  by  the  trowel,  and  from  fifty  to  sixty  feet  higli.    Two  passages, 
each  a  hundred  feet  in  width,  open  into  it  at  its  opposite  extremities,  but  at 
right  angles  to  each  other;  and  as  they  run  in  a  straiglit  course  for  five  or 
six  hundred  feet,  with  tho  same  flat  roof  common  to  each,  the  appearance 
presented  to  tho  eye  is  that  of  a  vn.st  hall  in  the  shape  of  tho  letter  L, 
expanded  at  the  angles,  both  branches  being  five  hundred  feet  long  by  ono 
hundred  wide.    The  passage  to  the  right,  is  "Audubon  Avenue ; "  that  in  the 
front  is  the  beginning  of  the  Grand  GulUry,  or  the  main  cavern  itself.    Tho 
entire  extent  of  this  prodigious  space  is  covered  by  a  Mngle  rock,  in  which 
the  eye  can  detect  no  break,  save  at  its  borders,  which  are  surrounded  by  a 
broad  and  sweeping  cornice,  tra':ed  in  horizontal  panel  work,  exceedingly  told 
and  regular.    Not  a  Blngle  pUlar  or  pier  of  any  kind  contributes  to  support  it. 


MAMMOTH    CAVE. 


d  Si  f 


146 

ftppcanx..™  of  floating  cloud..  T.""  ""k  Bat  r^  m         ,  ^^^^ 

the  great  veatibule.     It  18  a  niue  o  ^^^^     ^,^^  ^.^^^^ 

„  many  in  '''f  ./„""%„„,.  ,„  ealloU  from  a  supposed  rosemblauco 
„.,tor  cornea  *"^f  ^^^i^f/,^;"  and  deseeodiug  gradually  about  twenty 
to  the  cUllB  ou  the  KentucKy  riTi,r,  ~jv.  ^ 

^t.  enter,  the  C.hch.  The  ceiling  here  ^^  "'f  ^i^''^;'-  ^f  rai^meter. 
Church  iUelf,  including  the  rece,..  is  -J*-' ^uTythtdt,  is  the  Organ 
Eight  or  ten  feet  above  the  P,dp,t,mi  »»™«~  °^2„f  j^e  largest  si.e. 
A  Which  1.  .ufflcicntly  cap^ious^r  an  orga^^^^^^^^^^ 

This  Church  is  largo  enough  to  contain  many  ^^^  ^^ 

of  the  wall  seems  to  have  been  designcl  for  a  pulp.t,  and  a 
.  place  admirably  calculated  for  an  organ  and  cloj^r.^  I^^^^^^^^^ 
«Lre.  religious  ^rri^J^^'^^^^^  ^-«;-^^^^  ,^  ,,„  ,^., 
Blight  effort  on  the  part  of  the  speaker  u.  iui«. 

congregation.  .i,,„„„h  the  ruins  of  the  old  saltpetr* 

Leaving  the  Church,  and  proceeding  '""'""K^  "''^^^'h  ^^ich  is  a  narro. 
^orks.  the  visitor  will  see  a  large  --'J-^^^^J^cave  above,  an. 
gallery,  sweeping  across  the  main  cave,  and  '°^  »«  "^'^  ^;„„  ^„„bt.  was  at 
on  the  right.    Thl»  latter  cave  is  the  Oothio  ~«.  "l--^  ^^^^^^  ^^ 

one  time  connected  with  the  cave  opposite.  Th  0»  J^^^  ^  ,,„  „„„ 
visitor  ««ends  f™m  the  main  ^^^^  »  «1  ^  "X'  ^  „,„y  p^ 

long,  forty  feet  wide,  -f /f^"^!;:  "f^^J^f"^'  "most  skillful  plMter.,. 
smooth  and  white  as  if  formed  "^  'h*.  '^wel  of  th^  ^^^  ^^_^ 

,n  a  recess,  on  the  >e«  hand  e,^^^^^^^  ^^^J;l^^J,  „„,  „,  ,,.^.  .  fe„^e, 
rC  SuirS  TgULan  of  New  Vorlc.  The  foUowing  ..  «> 
extractor  his  description:  a.*  ,„k  was  met 


^^W^?i^,.-^  iiv;jt»j^a)*-*** '»*■•* 


^.=.va»^3%W' 


MAMMOTH    CAVK. 


147 


the  right,  the  visitor  entcri 
in  a  mile  long,  fifty  or  sixty 

this  apartment  prcponts  the 
om  call',  a  branrh  of  Audubon 
ut  three  hundred  yards  from 
cr  of  a  mile  in  length,  »nd  is 

teet  deep.  During  the  winter 
inging  from  the  walls,  iu  »u 
opeus,  tUey  all  disappear, 
fenue,  the  visitor  returns  into 
te,  at  right  angles  to  that  just 
lin  cavern.  This  is  a  vast  tun- 
oughout,  fifty  feet  lu  width  hy 
n  cave  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  the 

from  a  supposed  roscmblauco 
mdiug  gradually  about  twenty 

sixty-three  feet  high,  and  the 
one  hundred  feet  in  diameter, 
ediately  behind  it,  Is  the  Organ. 
5an  and  choir  of  the  largest  siie. 
y  thousands;  a  solid  projection 
a  pulpit,  and  a  few  feet  back,  is 
1  choir.  In  this  great  temple  of 
rformcd,  and  it  requires  but  a 
ike  himself  Ueard  by  the  largest 

igh  the  ruins  of  the  old  saltpetrs 
.nnected  with  which  is  a  narro» 
losing  Itself  in  a  cave  above,  and 
Avenue,  which,  no  doubt,  was  »t 
Tbe  Gothic  Avcnao,  to  wblch  the 
ight  of  stairs,  is  about  two  miles 
The  celling,  in  many  places,  is  as 
el  of  the  most  skillful  plasterer, 
feet  above  the  floor,  two  mum- 
cripticn  of  one  of  these,  a  female, 
Sew  York.    The  following  Is  »n 

B  short,  cave,  a  flat  ro.k  was  met 
mrface  of  the  earth.  In  the  cave; 
ir  feet  wide,  and  as  many  lonm 
three  feet  deep,  and  as  many  in 
ibterrauean  chamber,  sat  in  Boleum 


rilence  one  of  the  human  species,  a  female,  with  her  wardrobe  and  o"'"""'''* 
S  at  her  side.  The  bo.ly  was  in  a  state  of  perfect  P--"f' o"- »"* 
s  tt  S  etct.  The  arms  were  folded  up,  and  the  hands  laid  across  the  to»m . 
rund  L  v,rist.,  wo,  wound  a  small  cor...  design.Kl,  probably^  keep  them 
Tthe  Sn  m  which  thoy  were  fir.t  placed,  around  the  body  and  ™xt 
th"l  were  wrapped  two  deer-.klns.  These  skin,  appeared  to  have  been 
?  ^'■,rI!mo  mode  dilTerent  from  what  is  now  practiced  by  any  people  of 
7  T  havTary  know  edge.  The  hair  of  the  skins  w,«  cut  off  very  near 
T      \  The  skinswer^  ornamented  with  the  imprinU  of  vine,  and 

the  surfac...  J^«  '"  ""  j;^  ^^^  ,  ,„,,„„ee  p..rfoctly  whit«.    OuUlde  of 

The  hair  on  the  head  was  cut  olT  within  an  eighth  of  an  Inch  of  the  sUn, 
LLt  near  the  neck,  where  it  was  an  Inch  long.  The  color  of  the  hair  wa. 
a  dark  Z]  he  U.th  were  white  and  perfect.  I  discovered  no  bl«m..h  npon 
the  Wy  exUt  a  wound  between  two  ribs,  near  the  back  bone;  and  on.  of 
h  .M  a^»  been  injured.  The  finger  and  toe  nail,  were  Perf-*  «»» 
lult^  long  The  features  were  regular.  I  measured  the  leng  h  of  one  o  the 
Cs  of  fhe  arm  with  a  string,  from  the  elbow  to  the  wrist  joint,  and  they 
\^ „;„,.-  ,  '.  n«th  vis :  ten  inches  and  a  half.  From  the examinaUon 
Ttt  who.  T  .,:  .  Sgld  the  figure  to  be  that  of  a  very  tall  female,  say 
ofth«whol*,ti  The  body,  at  the  time  It  was  discovered,  weighed 

five  feet  ten  ir  ,  ^rf„ctly  dry ;  on  exposure  to  the  atmosphere, 

Ta^^dTw^ig.     .    :V.irdtm  ne-'fourpou^nds.    The  feature,  of  thU 

•^':rm::w  of  the  humanUny  --VT rh^r^i^ltntm" '^ 
„me,  American  woman.    The  forehead  wa.  h.gh,  and  the  he«l  well  formed. 

The  writer  enters  Into  a  minute  and  very  Interesting  «!Count  of  the  ornv 
me„r.nd«ticle.of  dress  which  were  found  with  tbi»  "^^c of  anUqulty. 
Onr  space,  however,  will  not  «lmit  of  a  more  lengthened  de«=riptlon. 

The«.  mummies  resembled  those  found  in  a  cave,  in  ""."""'^f '"«'»"• 
Ke^ky.^ut,  having  been  discovered  by  the  unlearned,  and  at  a  time 
whrtwhite.  were  very  much  excited  against  t^e  l"-''-.  -otUng  but 
^.««>tof  tbelr  existence  ha.  ever  been  pre«,rved  T^«  <»"  !°  •»•  f '^J 
tadle.  were  found  wa.  supposed  to  have  been  an  Indian  sepulchre,  it  WM 
Zr«npt^;  «.a  all  the  bodies  burned  on  a  funeral  pile  together.  1  nu.  the 
;;^rid  hSl  p^Tably  .o.t  forever,  that  which  time  c*n  never  restore— 

"^^TJ.  ::lt  nr^;  of  pla«.  Of  mtere-t  and  aUr^lon,  In^hl.  su. 
JLe-.  world,  which  we  have  not  time  to  menUon  «,pa«te^.  f»°°f'^.» 
ZT^atter.  of  Interest,  w,  may  mention  the  Star  C^*"^^ ;;^«;'";,; 
Cofllii.  the  DerU'.  Arm-Chalr,  Napoleon's  Brewtwork,  the  LoTor".  Leap,  th. 


...■rjmhJM^ 


lit 


J  48  MAMMOTH    CAVE. 

I,e„rte<l  Cham,*r,,  the  Bot.on„e,»  Pit,  ^["rU^'^^me   Jho  Winding  War. 

X  Thi-  i«  the  e»tin,«te  «o  Hit  a,  it  ha»  been  -^^P'"'"' ""l'"  "  J^;' 
Shtoon  miles;  what  lie,  beyoud  this.  U  wrapped  in  the  cloud,  ol  it.  own 

*Tp"::TwCr;  traveling  through  the  countr.  should  f»"  to ji-it  ^ 

'^°  P  „,,„„,  ,,,,,„  will  uoTer  regret  the  time  spent  in  iU  exami- 

r:r  i::::TLVXr^'^'^^^^^  ^^  Cincin„at..  mnl.ro.t.  U.. 
ZZ  N-hvi.le.  ,.uisvi.le.St.Lonis,*e.  »"'"« '''«'' J'^^-.J^^^^^.t 
«eend  Green  river  to  within  a  short  distance  of  the  care.  It  i»  »bout  130 
riles  ft^m  Lexington,  98  miles  from  H.auoosB.Ko  Smto,.  and  ,K>  mile. 
«w,m  Louisville  and  Nashville,    (see  Route  Book,  20) 

X^r  whLh  circulates  through  the  cave,  1.  considered  ^^^r^^ 
hi,;tn.ficialt„tho«,  laboring  under  di.ea«.  of  the  lungs.  Thous«.d. 
"  ,t  the  cave  in  quest  of  health,  man,  return  apparentty  benefit^. 

Kvnnsvllle,  nine  miles  below  the  mou  h  of  Green  river, 
I,  ^e  fo  untT-e  at'  of  Vanderburg  county,  I.ulia.m.  It  v.. .laid 
„„t  InTe  vear  1816,  and  received  its  name  in  honor  of  Gen  R 

Louisville  ana  the  moiltll  of  tl.«  river.      '  ""  "^  .     ,        j  ^,4, 
I.  o.o.Uen.M.,  and  raplJIy  '"«''":  '''E.aI.vill.&T«~  H.ol. 

arises  .0' '?-"  ~i»r  b~"- "S» 

1,500,000  pounds  of  pork  and  bacon.  ^^^^ 

"  viUZ.,  .iluoW  .".»  ".No.  below  Ev««v''^'"J:S 


but  few  housed. 


pni 
the 


^'^i:^W^*^^SM- 


sT.-s^^^r.- 


HOUTE   OF   TUB   OHIO    KlVliU. 


m 


!  Dome,  tho  Winding  W»7, 
Bandit's  lUll,  *o-,  *c  It  l» 
»o  hundred  and  twunty-»ix 
ral  rlTCM,  and  twenty-thre« 
!n  explored,  which  i»  about 
ped  in  tho  clouda  oi  its  own 

itry,  should  fall  to  vinlt  thta 
t  the  time  spent  In  Its  examl- 
I  Cincinnati,  Kranlifort,  Lex- 
uring  high  water,  steamboats 
J  of  the  care.  It  is  about  130 
SBL'RQ  SPEiKos,  and  90  mllei 

is  considered  by  many  to  be 
i*B  of  the  lungs.    Thousands 
1  apparently  benefited, 
le  mouth  of  Green  river, 
ity,  Iiidiaiia.     It  was  laid 
lame  in  honor  of  Ocn.  R 
tllera  of  the  place.     It  i3 
o,  about  equi-difttaut  from 
The  trade  of  Evansville 
The  Wabash  and  Erie 
SvaiiBville  &  Terre  Haute 
as  far  as  Princeton,  and 
r  Evansville  in  connection 
of  other  roads— tier  already 
to  an  amount  almost  in- 
city  in  the  state,  in  coni- 
(use  here  now  whose  bnsi- 
100,000  per  annum.    The 
iiiited  at  more  than  bOO.OUO 
uts,  1,500  tons  of  bay,  and 

iuil,  a  branch  of  the  state 
n,  2  Metiiodist,  I  Episco- 
;atholic,  a  market-house,  2 
)er  of  stores,  and  a  popuUi- 

low  Evansville,  in  the  same 
mportauce,  and  oonlalmog 

,1,-....  st*a  ra- 


ilendcrsoil,  situated  twelve  miles  below  Evansville,  is  th» 
co"ry"n.t  of  Ilomlersou  county,  Kentucky.  I  was  .ucorpo. 
r"  0  in  1812,  and  is  now  a  place  of  extensive  trade.  t  is  the 
^i  t  pine  point  for  all  tho  produce  of  tho  extensive  and  highly 
n  "cou atry  bordering  on  Green  river.  There  are  numerous 
ho  s  ot  sto  e-coal  and  iron  ore  found  in  the  vicin  ty  of  Ilemlersou, 
V  ich  wU  Isoinoday  vastly  enhance  the  manufacturing  interest 
nfil  is  region  The  town  now  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  and 
1,,,  voices  1  Baptist,  2  Presbyterian,  1  Methodist, and  1  Epis- 
:",;al^chulch,'4  scllls,'5  tobacc'o  factories,  20  stores,  and  a  popu- 

'"'Wi^"  FmnkHn,  fourteen  miles  below  Henderson,  in 
Po^v  cuuuTv,  ludiana,  is  a  small  and  unimnortant  village,  con- 
tall^ng  only^si-x  or  eight  houses,  and  about  46  inhabitants 

ItlotlUt  Vei-IIOII,  county  seat  of  Posey  county,  Indiana, 
■  ■.?„?V  twTlTo  miles  below  West  Franklin,  on  a  fiuo  blulF  of 
.ssiuated  \^\';;^'^';Xd  u  1803,  and  contains,  at  tho  present 
""  ^;>,rt  house  ail  and  county  ofllces,  2  hotels,  3  churches, 
ri"riLp\L°!  r&'di^nd  ^  Presb'yterian.)  a  number  of  stores, 
and  about  1,000  inhabitants. 

ITlllOUtOWn,  situated  ten  miles  below  Mount  \  ernon,  at 
,h„  niouth  of  Hich  and  creek,  in  Union  county,  Kentucky,  is  a 
i,rrurishi.  business-like  little  place.     It  issituatea  ina  vo.-y 

rsiiiy "...  11..  i.'»  "1  u.°  "■*«i  '•"  ■"  ■""•  ,  „ , 

wnbasll  Blvcr,  rim.  Ii.  Mtrci  oanly,  Oh.o,  .Dd  •«" 

naXab  e  for  flat-boats  for  400  miles,  and  in  time  of  high  water. 

2a.  10  Improv.  Ita  condUl««  «t  our  irM  taM"  ■""••■ 


^^BT^ 


150 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO   RIVER. 


would  do  a  vuit  amount  of  good,  and  form  a  brilliant  pagQ  in  its 
lil!<lorv. 

Tlie  portion  of  the  statn  of  Indiana  through  which  the  Wabash 
rniis,  is  probably  the  most  fi-rtile  and  highly  productive  portion 
of  tlin  state.     The  growth  of  this  si-ction  of  country  has  been 
somewhat  retarded,  on  account  of  the  unhciilthiness  of  the  coun- 
try.    The  principal  disease  is  fever  and  ague,  which,  however,  is 
riipidly  disappearing  before  the  beneficial  influence  of  scientific 
cultivation  of  the  lands. 
The  total  length  of  the  Wabash  is  rather  more  than  500  miles. 
I^afhyette,  county  seat  of  Tippecanon  ccuntjr,  Indiana,  is  beiiutlftilly 
situated  on  the  Wabatli  ri»er,  ttiree  hundred  and  sixtyone  miles  from  its 
moutli.    It  wan  laid  out  iu  the  year  18i5,  on  land  bought  at  government 
prices.  Its  progress  has  been  steady  and  rapid,  and  it  is  now  amonR  the  first 
towns  in  the  state,  In  population  and  (•ommercial  imiMirtancc.    The  Wabash 
and  Erie  oanal  passes  through  this  place,  bringing  it  in  connection  with  lalw 
Krio;  and  when  the  Wabasli  Navigation  Company  complete  tlieir  works,  tlie 
river  will  be  navigable  for  a  greaUT  portion  of  the  year  to  this  city.    Its 
commercial  advantages  will  then  bo  increased  in  a  great  degree,  and  w-i  may 
look  for  a  greater  and  more  rapid  improvement  than  has  yet  been  witnessed. 
The  public  buildings  of  Lafayolt<!  are  a  fine  court-house,  jail,  and  public 
offices,  8  churches,  a  branch  of  the  state  bank,  and  a  county  seminary.    There 
are,  besides,  3  printing  offices,  2  paper  mills,  2  fuunderies,  several  pork-houses, 
1  district  and  4  private  schools,  and  about  10()  stores  of  various  descripttons. 
In  1840,  the  population  was  1,800;  in  1845,  4,000;  and  is  now  alwut  7,000. 
Canal  boaU  arrive  and  depart  daily.    Stages  leave  three  times  a  week  for 
Logansport.  It  is  in  direct  communication  with  Indianapolis,  and  will  shortly 
be  with  Chicago,  on  the  north,  and  New  Albany  at  the  south,  intersecting 
numerous  other  roads  in  Indiana. 

An  immense  amount  of  produce  is  shipped  from  this  place,  via  canal,  to 
the  Kaat,  which  will  soon  find  its  way  to  Cincinnati,  drawn  by  the  inm  *w»e. 
Terre  Haate,  county-scat  of  Vigo  county,  is  situated  one  bundTed 
and  twenty-four  miles  below  Lafayette,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Wabash,  alse 
upon  the  national  road,  and  the  Wabash  A  Krie  canal.  It  was  laid  out  in 
the  year  1810,  by  an  association  of  individuals  who  purchased  the  ground  at 
a  public  sale  of  government  lands.  The  trade  of  Terre  Haute  is  considerable, 
and  rapidly  increasing,  and  it  is  rapidly  becoming  a  center  of  railway  oommif 
nlcatlon.  The  road  to  Indianapolis  is  completed ;  one  to  Springfield,  and  on* 
to  Alton,  Illinois,  and  one  from  Evansville,  are  ail  in  course  of  construction, 
and  will  speedily  be  completed.  This  latter  will  be  continued  on  to  Craw- 
fordsvllle,  there  intersecting  the  New  Albany  A  Salem  road  to  Michigan  City, 
thus  opening  a  communication  from  EvansTille,  on  the  Ohio,  to  Chicago,  IIL, 
through  the  valley  of  the  Wabaab;  while  the  iron  tntck  alnady  cobiwcUbc 


it  witl 
York, 
The 
sUtel 
house 
depari 

Fo 

Waba 
tlicfo 
of  the 
afters 
t'nite( 
years 
one  n 
after  I 
a  larf 
alarm 
tlirow 
the  St 
snd  ■ 
f/leei 
of  th 
rivalc 
appal 
thebi 
by  th 
murd 
conte. 
Taylo 
place 
and  I 

VI 

Wabi 
irreat 
first  I 
pied  1 
St.V 
bono: 
who  I 
tanta 
scare 
iasp< 


rm  a  brilliant  pago  in  its 


roiiifh  wiiich  the  Wabash 
lighly  productive  portion 
Ion  of  country  hag  been 
nlicuithinnss  of  the  coun- 
ague,  which,  however,  is 
iai  influence  of  BCientific 

her  more  than  500  miles, 
nntr,  Indiana,  Is  beautifally 
and  Bixty-ODH  miles  from  its 
I  land  bouKbt  at  gorcrnmcnt 
and  it  is  now  amoni;  tfae  flrat 
:ial  imimrtancc.  The  Wsbacli 
:ing  It  in  connection  with  Lake 
lany  complete  tlieir  works,  tlie 
of  tlie  year  to  this  city.  Its 
in  a  great  degree,  and  wi  mny 
t  than  has  yet  been  witnessed, 
court-house,  jail,  and  public 
knd  a  connty  seminary.  There 
junderie?,  seTeral  pork-houses, 
■tores  of  various  descripttons. 
,00U ;  and  is  now  aliout  7,000. 
leave  three  times  a  week  Ibr 
li  Indianapolis,  and  will  shortly 
any  at  the  south,  intersectinK 

I  from  this  place,  via  canal,  tr> 
.nnati,  drawn  by  the  irm  hone, 
tinty,  is  situated  one  buMlnd 
:  east  bank  of  the  Wabash,  alae 
:rie  canal.  It  was  laid  out  in 
B  who  purchased  the  ground  at 
of  Terre  Haute  is  considerable, 
ling  a  center  of  railway  oonuntt- 
led ;  one  to  Springfield,  and  OD* 
re  all  in  course  of  construction, 
will  be  continued  on  to  Craw- 
A  Salem  road  to  Michigan  Cit7, 
lie,  on  the  Ohio,  to  Chicago,  IlL, 
e  iron  track  alnady  cobiwcUbc 


KOUTB   OF   THE   OHIO   RIVER. 


161 


It  with  the  EnKt,  will  soon  open  an  uninterrupted  communication  to  New 
York,  Unjiton,  l*hilndel|ihia,  and  Baltimore. 

The  town  contains  the  usual  county  buildings,  8  churches,  a  branch  of  the 
■tste  bank,  a  county  seminary,  several  fine  hotels,  two  or  three  large  pork* 
bouses,  and  about  70  stores.  The  population,  4,A00.  Canal  boats  arrive  and 
depart  constantly.    Stages  leave  regularly  for  St  Louis. 

Fort  Harrlaon,  was  built  in  1812,  by  order  of  Oen.  Harrison,  on  the 
Wabash  river,  about  twenty  miles  below  Terre  Haute.  Tlie  olject  In  building 
the  fort  was  the  protection  of  the  frontier  settlements  against  the  incursions 
of  the  British  and  Indiana.  The  command  was  given  to  Capt  Zachary  Taylor, 
afterward  major  general  in  the  American  army,  and  late  president  of  the 
taited  States.  Although  young  in  years  at  the  time— being  but  twenty-seven 
jHSxa  old — the  result  proved  that  the  command  could  not  have  devolved  on 
one  more  able  to  fulfill  the  duties  of  this  responsible  station.  A  short  lime 
after  Capt.  Taylor  was  appointed  to  this  command,  the  fort  was  attacked  by 
a  larpie  party  of  Indiana.  The  attack  was  made  at  night,  and  before  the 
alarmed  garrison  could  recover  from  the  consternation  into  which  they  were 
thrown,  the  Indians  ducceeded  in  setting  fire  to  the  block-house  containing 
the  stores  of  the  post.  Capt.  Taylor  had  just  recovered  from  a  severe  illness, 
and  more  than  half  hia  men  were  disabled  from  sickness,  there  being  but 
fi/lfen  men  able  to  do  duty.  In  this  critical  juncture,  the  military  talents 
ot  the  future  hero  ahoiio  fn-th  in  a  manner  which  has  never  since  been 
rivaled.  Cool  and  collected,  he  stood  in  the  midst  of  confusion  of  the  most 
appalling  kind,  and,  by  his  voice  and  manner,  inspired  hope  and  courage  in 
the  breasts  of  his  little  band,  who  rallied  under  their  intrepid  leader;  and, 
by  the  dawn  of  morn,  succeeded  in  driving  the  boat  of  savages  from  their 
murderous  work.  The  Indians  lost  many  of  their  bravest  warriors  in  this 
content,  while  the  garrison  lost  but  two  men.  For  this  gallant  affair,  Capt. 
Taylor  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major ;  and  what  ia  more,  h?  gained  • 
place  in  the  hearts  and  confidence  of  his  countrymen,  which  he  never  lost, 
and  never  can  lose,  so  long  as  men  hold  gratitude  to  be  a  virtue. 

Vineeiinea,  county  seat  of  Knox  county,  Indiana,  is  situated  on  the 
Wabash  river,  ninety-seven  miles  below  Terre  Haute.  This  place  derives  • 
lireat  Interest  In  the  history  of  the  West,  from  the  fact  of  Ks  being  one  of  the 
first  settlements  formed  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi.  It  was  first  occn- 
pied  by  the  French  settlers,  as  a  military  post,  in  1 735,  and  was  calle<l  Post 
St.  Vincent  In  the  year  1749,  the  name  of  VIncennes  was  given  to  it,  in 
honor  of  F.  M.  Da  ViifSENNK,  a  gallant  and  much  respected  French  officer, 
who  fell  in  battle  with  the  Chlckasawa,  in  1736.  For  many  years  the  inhabi- 
tants were  all  French  and  their  descendants,  and  the  English  language  was 
Kareely  ever  heard.  Now  the  French  is  almost  forgotten,  while  the  English 
ia  spoken  by  all.    The  religion  of  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennea  and  vicinity 


-.■1^7'. '-t^'iXS! .-' 


^'^?t'^!?f''^.liT^>'*'^'."^^i''r:iw?&:^'^'^!'*''^^i-"'^-^-^'5«-''.^ — ■' "' 


ROUTE   OF   THE    OHIO  RIVER. 


152 

U  mostly  Uoman  Catholic.    Th.  bishop  of  the  .tato  of  Inaiana  UkM  hii  till. 

'Tcr?wllfheld..nl809.acolcbrat«l  Indian  council  at  thU  pl«».    The 
Indian*,  under  the  command  of  the  renowncM  chief  Tkc«M8«u,  a^-embUd  l,y 
lu'uat    u  of  Oovernor   H»rri,oo.  to  obtain  Bati.faction  for    he  ...ppo-e 
;„hu,ents  of  the  whites.    The  council  a,.cmbled  under  the  .hade  of 
Io,n,-  tr..,  in  front  of  the  ^vernor'«  houHc,  Tecumseh  and  his  warnor. 
XlnK  to  accept  of  the  seata  ofTnre,!  then.,  snyin«  that  tb.  ""»»"";"' 
fethr  and  the  earth  their  mother,  and  they  would  recline  o„  her  b^m. 
Duru,  the  conference,  something  that  Oovernor  Ilarrl«>n  »"'  -"""''f;'" 
haughty  chief.  Tec„„..eh,  who  rose  to  hi,  feet,  and  «,undcd  th»  war  cr^ 
King  together  about  four  hundred  of  hi-  dusky  warrior,,  'h»  were  n  th, 
vrcini  y     The  whites  were  few  and  unarmed,  and  would  doubtleM  al  h.« 
Ln  murdered,  had  it  not  been  for  the  cool  and  determined  bravery  of  Oo  • 
^^or  Harrison  which  so  overawed  the  Indians,  that  they  ■l«'«"y Z";'-";'^ 
Yincennes  contains  a  flno  cathedral,  » large,  commodious  city  ha^..couru 
house,  jail,  and  county  offices,  Pn-shyterian,  Kpiseopalian,  Methodist,  ChrUti.  i 
and  African  churches,  St.  Oa»riel  Coueo«,  a  theological  semmary,  a  fin, 
„arket.hou8c,  2  newspaper  printing  offlccs,  several  manufactories,  a  larg, 
number  of  stones,  and  a  population  of  2,500. 
Steamboats  ply  regularly,  in  time,  of  high  water,  on  the  river. 
Vmcennes  will  l«come  quite  a  r.llro«l  center  In  a  short  Urn..    The  Oto 
A  Mi„issii,pi,  connecting  Cincinnati  with  St.  Ix.uis,  and  Kvanavllle  4  \.a- 
™:ntctingwithU^^^ 

Tach  o^hcr  here,  thus  opening  through  this  city  an  outlet  north,  south,  ^i, 
and  west,  for  the  products  of  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Wabash. 

Wew  IlarmonT,  a  town  of  alK,ut  1000  inhabitants,  Is  situated  on  ths 
Wab,..h  river,  fifty  n.iles  from  Its  n.outh,  in  Posey  county,  Indiana  It  wa, 
first  settled  1  y  a  Oerraan  colony,  under  the  renowned  <  ^K;- ""PP.  f  J" 
ing  the  location  very  unhealthy,  they  sold  out  to  the  celebrated  Robert  Dal. 
Owon,  and  returned  to  Pennsylvania. 

Ralcich,  six  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Wabash,  in 
Un^county.  Kentucky,  is  a  small  village  containing  only  a  few 

houses  .      .,,.     , 

«ihawnectOWn,  county  seat  of  Gallatin  county,  Illinois, 

It  is  liable  to  inundatiouB  Irom  the  nver  ;  -^'^^^^^  r^etaj^,. 
prowth  very  materially.     It  is.  nowevir.  a  f'"'°  ,  , , 

Cincss  and  is  the  largest  town  In  southern  Illinois.  It  wash  rt 
SniaTl,  and  now  contains  a  court-house  and  the  reqnMe 
county  buildings,  ."J  churches  a  fine  ba"ki"g  house,  »  ^tn^  oto, 

a  large  numbcr^f  stores,  and  »  P^P"'?^'^  »' 2'°°^„  JiV«eat 
•ion  of  the  bank  of  Shawneetown  m  1843,  produced  a  great 


excite: 
know  I 
Sl;.| 
St.  Lo 
Vss 
roll  lit 
dozen 
from 
Anvit 
III  wii 

H  IjlllO 

is  pel 
plucec 

Bi 

same 
ex  ten 
taiice 
forlK' 
€» 
in  111 
rciidi 

WCHI 

liiw  I 
mill  1 
to  all 

C0I1& 

tlii'ii 

rob 

tlieir 

tlie  { 

offer 

tlicl 

of    1 

"ho 

in  c< 

him, 

how 

He' 

dula 

dcpi 

it  w 

we< 

(( 

the 


»  RIVER. 


gtato  of  Indiana  UkM  hi*  title 

n  council  at  Ihli  place.   Tlie 
cliiof  Tkcumskh,  ansombleU  liy 
Batlsfaction  for  the  lupixMea 
iscfmblfd  under  the  frbiulo  of 
f,  TecumBch  and  his  warriuu 
inyinB  tliat  the  aun  wa«  their 
y  would  recline  on  her  bo«ora. 
nor  llarriTOn  »ald,  offended  the 
eet,  and  rounded  the  war  cry, 
lusky  warriors,  who  wore  in  th« 
,  and  would  doubtlew  all  ha»e 
ind  determined  bravery  of  Oov- 
n»,  that  they  quietly  dispersed. 
f!B,  commodious  city  hall,  court, 
piacopallan,  Methodist,  Christi.  i 
:,  a  theological  seminary,  a  Aim 
several  manufucturies,  a  large 

gh  water,  on  the  river. 
Dter  In  a  short  time.  The  Ohio 
It.  liOUis,  and  Kvansvllle  i  Vin- 
I'inconnes  rond  to  Chicago,  crosj 
city  an  outlet  north,  south,  oaet, 
oy  of  the  Wabash. 
10  inhabitants.  Is  situated  on  ths 
Posey  county,  Indiana.  It  was 
renowned  (leorRe  Kapp.  Deem- 
)ut  to  the  celebrated  Robert  Dais 

mouth  of  the  Wabash,  in 
illage  containing  only  a  few 

of  Gallatin  county,  Illinois, 
on  a  low  bank  of  the  Ohio, 
vor  ;  which  has  retarded  its 
jver,  a  place  of  considerable 
outhern  Illinois.  It  was  luid 
)urt-liouse  and  the  reqnisits 
banking  house,  a  land  office, 
ilation  of  2,000.  The  explo- 
iu  1843,  produced  a  great 


excitement  in  the  West,  and  the  name  of  Slmwneelown  becama 
known  tlirought.ut  llie  ieinjth  and  br.Midlh  of  tlie  land. 

Siu(r.-s  Um\-  ri'diilarly  for  Spriiigtiuld,  Vincounos,  Indiana,  and 
St.  liOuis,  Missouri. 

raHcyvlllC,  ten  miles  below  Shiiwnectown,  In  Union 
rouiitv,  Kentucky,  is  a  »'»»"  villugo  containing  a  school,  half  a 
do7..'n  stores,  and  a  popululion  of  about  '.250.  About  three  inilci 
from  Cnsevvllle,  m:iy  be  seen  a  nalitral  curiosity,  termed  tlie 
Anvii  Kock.  It  is  a  large  rock  about  tifty  feet  high,  twenty  feet 
ill  wiiltli,  and  two  feet  thick,  and  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to 
a  bluoksinith's  anvil.  It  stands  erect,  on  a  plat  of  ground  which 
is  perfectly  level,  and  not  at  all  rocky.  Hy  what  meaug  It  was 
placed  thoie,  is  likely  forever  to  remain  a  mystery. 

Buttery  Bock,  twelve  miles  below  Shawneetown,  in  the 
same  county,  is  a  liigblv  picturesque  and  rugged  looking  rock, 
extending  for  several  miles  along  tlio  river.  Viewed  from  a  dis- 
tance, it  has  the  appearance  of  an  impregnable  battery  or 
fortliicution. 

CaVC-ln-RocIi,  situated  twelve  miles  below  Battery  Rock, 
in  lliirdin  county,  is  a  place  long  celebrated  as  having  been  tho 
rniid.zvous  of  bunds  of  outlaws,  in  the  early  settlement  of  tho 
West.    One  of  these  bands,  under  tho  command  of  a  famous  oui- 
liiw  by  the  name  of  iMason,  continued  their  depredations  so  long, 
niid  were  so  successful  in  tlieir  expeditions,  as  to  become  a  terror 
to  all  wlio  navigated  the  river  in  those  times.     They  would  lie  in 
coiicialment  until  a  trading  boat  would  make  its  appearance,  and 
tlieu  darting  out  in  their  light  boats,  would  fall  upon  the  crew- 
rob  them   of  tlieir  hard  earnings,  and  murder  them  to  conceal 
tlicir  crimes.    These  depredations  at  last  became  so  alarming,  that 
the  governor  of  the  Mississippi  territory  issued  his  proclamation, 
offering  a  reward  of  five  liuudrcd  dollars  for  tho  licad  of  Mason, 
the  leader  of  the  bund.    This  reward,  one  of  his  band  by  the  name 
of   Harpe,   wlio  wus   too  covetous  to   recollect  that    there    ia 
"  honor  among  thieves,"  determined  to  secure  for  himself.   Being 
in  company  with  Mason  one  day  in  a  solitary  place,  Harpe  shot 
him,  cut  otf  his  head  and  carried  it  to  the  governor.    His  reward, 
liowever,  was  of  quite  a  diftereut  kind  from  that  he  anticipated. 
He  was  recoguized  as  belonging  to  tho  band,  and  was  withoiit 
delay,  tried,  condemned,  and  executeil   on   the  gallows.     This 
deprived  the  West  of  two  of  the  most  daring  outlaws  with  which 
it  was  ever  troubled.     The   following  description   of   the  cave 
we  copy  from  the  notes  of  a  visitor  : 

"Perhaps  one  of  the  most  beautiful  panoramic  views  which 
the  traveler  meets  in  our  extensive  country,  is  afforded  by  tho 


.:is,-' 


■•  "^ '  ^  -T't'^j.^  ^y-i 


■  i'rtl'«*r-,"'-??tV-1t:;*?' 


154 


ROUTS   OF   THE    OHIO   RIVER. 


bold,  rocky  bh.ffx.wlth  the  (ntcrvculng  vrIIcvb,  which  meet  th« 
eve  «  oim  .h.«-.Mi,  H  ih,-  str.mm.  C.MlafH  covtr  ih.-  higl.  woodlan.l. 
XvelZ  below  tl..  eve,  und  oivilizHllon,  wh  ch  h»n  exlende, 
?U  Imnd  oveV  Ihc  Hurroumih.g  country,  hu8  left  this  roman  Ic  xpo 
u^Uouched  The  entr>...cr  to  Iho  c«vo  U  nearly  Henilcircular,  and 
when  he  river  Is  luKh  it  i«  on  a  leve^w  th  the  water.  Tho 
pa  Ze.  which  iH  twenty  feet  high.  affordH  "d""»'°»  '»'»  " 
^Daciou«  »q»«re  apartn^n.,  whose  di.nenH.ons  may  be  fa  rly  «Uted 
Tal  out  one  hnn.lred  and  twenty-fivo  feet.  Above  this  roon.  i» 
a  iKnitoent  cl  unU-r.   whose   natural    linu-stone    format.on. 

^really  re^mW"  l''«  '="""•8''  "^  "  ^"'''"=  '^""'f '"''  u  h.Z 
fr«nce^o  this  beautiful  room  is  by  a  chin.ney.  so  lo  "Peak,  in  ho 
roo  of  tl'e  first.  An  opening  at  one  end  of  the  cave  leads  into 
Ideepvaul  extending' far  if.lo  the  heart  of  the  rock,  and  the 
travefer  may  amuse  himself  by  counting  the  many  seconds  which 
ebjse  K«"  "'«  '""°  when  a  stone  is  cast  into  the  ubyBS  and 
the  return  of  its  reverberations. 

Ellzatoethtown,  county  scat  of  Hardin  county,  IlHnoi., 
IS  ^tuaT^sU  miles  below  Cave-in- Kock,  at  the  ool  of  Hurr.cane 
IslaX  It  is  "  sn.all  village  of  no  commercial  unportance  a 
™  t  :  but  being  »ituated  in  the  vicinity  of  an  .ron  reBion,  it 
may  o»e  day  becoL  a  maiu.facturing  place  of  some  note.  Fop- 
ulation,  about  150. 

GolCOItda,  situated  twenty-five  miles  below  Elizabethtown, 
i.  the  county  seat  of  I'ope  county,  Illinois.  It  is  hnely  located, 
and  has  some  trade.  It  contains  a  brick  court-house,  about  « 
dozen  stores,  and  a  population  of  250. 

CumbcrlaiMt  River,  rises  in  the  Cumberland  moun- 
tains, and  flows  first  in  a  south-westerly  course,  then  north-west, 
and.  receiving  numerous  tributaries  in  its  course,  empties  into 
the  Ohio,  fifteen  miles  below  Golconda,  in  Livingston  county, 
Kentucky  It  is  the  second  largest  tributary  of  tlie  Ohio,  is  six 
hundred  miles  in  length,  and  drains  a  territory  comprising  up- 
ward of  18,000  square  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  about  six  mon  hs 
in  the  year  for  the  largest  class  steamboats  as  far  as  Nashvil  e, 
which  i.  two  hundred  and  three  miles  from  ite  mouth;  and  for 
flatboats  and  all  kinds  of  small  craft,  three  hundred  inile.  further. 
This  river  passes  through  a  country  of  remarkable  fer  ihty, 
though  as  yet  but  thinly  inhabited.  The  natural  advanUgw, 
however,  are  such  as  to  insure  a  speedy  settlement,  and  we  may 
expect,  before  many  years,  in  passing  up  the  Cumberland,  to  »• 
iU  banks  lined  with  populous  and  enterprising  towns  and  clU*». 


ton  c 

thrt* 

dlHta 

the  r 

in  w 

of  iU 

Inrrc 

UtlM 

buili 

bouH 

Kmi 

deno 

Culli 

dent 

12,0 

thx 

mt'E 

InU 

B 

estfi 

and 

InU 

bui 

^ 

tOV 

fur 

th( 
ph 
kn 
cH 


is 
It 
at 
K 


0   RIVER. 


iig  vbIIcvs,  whicli  meet  the 
•»  covtr  llii'  liigli  wooillanili 
salloii,  which  hud  exlentled 
,  hu8  loll  lUU  roinnnllc  spot 
I  In  neurly  geiiilcircular,  uiid 
evil  witli  tho  wilier.  The 
,  ufforcJs  udinissloii  into  n 
eii8ioii8  may  be  fuirly  sUled 
I)  feul.  Aliovo  this  room  in 
urul  liriu-Htoiie  formutiont 
jolliic  culliodrul.  Tho  on- 
ihhmiey.  so  lo  speak,  in  iho 
J  end  of  tlio  cuve  leuds  liilo 
heart  of  the  rock,  and  the 
ing  the  many  seconds  wliicli 
a  is  cast  into  the  ubyss  and 

of  Hardin  county,  lUlnolt, 
ock,  at  the  fool  of  Hurricane 
1  commercial  importance  at 
icinily  of  an  iron  region,  it 
ig  place  of  some  note.     Fop- 

i  miles  below  ElizabethtowDi 
llinois.     it  is  finely  located, 

brick  court-house,  about  a 
9. 

in  the  Cumberland  moun- 
erly  course,  then  north-west, 
I  in  its  course,  empties  into 
»nda,  in  Livingston  county, 
tributary  of  the  Ohio,  is  six 
i  a  territory  comprising  up- 
avigable  for  about  six  months 
^amboats  as  far  as  Nashville, 
lies  from  its  mouth;  and  for 
,  three  hundred  miles  further, 
itry  of  remarkable  fertility, 
id.  The  natural  advantages, 
ecdy  settlement,  and  we  may 
ng  up  the  Cumberland,  to  «• 
interprising  towns  and  cltle». 


ROCTR   OF   THE   OHIO   RIVBB. 


165 


Note. 

NMhvllIc,  r»plt*l  of  tlie  .tatfl  of  Tonn..M^•^  »nd  watof  Jii»tl«  for  Dsrld- 

«,n  county,  i.  pl...^.antly  »ltUftU.I  on  th.>  Cumterla..,!  rlv«r,  two  l..in>ln^  and 

thrt«  miU.  from  It,  mouth.    Th«  dty  -tanJ,  on  a  .oli.l  ro.k  el«v»l«   to  tl.. 

dWtanc.  of  f«..n  fifty  lo  on.,  hundred  and  .erenty-flv.  f.H!t  «lK.»n  th«  leve   of 

the  rl».-rt    Tho  ln.Htion  1.  dt-llKhtful,  and  i,  .-oD^ld.r.Kl  very  healthy.      It  is 

in  conwquence  o.uoh  fn-iuonUid  by  .outhorn  p.>opl«  during  tli«  .ultry  heat 

of  iummer.     The  «,ram»rc«  of  Na.h»me  i,  very  exteu.l.o,  and  1.  rapidly 

Increanlnn.    The  principal  article  of  commerce  is  cotton,  of  which  largo  quan- 

titlM  are  ihipp.^.!  to  the  MUthern  market^..     There  are  acme  fine  public 

building,  and  ln»titutlonii  of  note  in  Na»hTille,  among  which  are  the  oUte- 

hou«.,  penitentiary,  hospital  for  lunatics,  the  Na.hTllle  Unlvemity,  a  female 

wminary,  wveral  schools,  a  large  number  of  churches  for   the   varioui 

denominallon..  of  Haptlst,  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Episcopal,  CanipbelllU>, 

Catliollo,  African,  4c.    The  University  was  founded  In  1806,  and  has  a  presl- 

dent  and  six  professors,  and  is  extensively  patronlied.    The  library  contains 

U,m  volumes.    Expresldent  James  K.  Polk  was  a  resident  of  Nashville  at 

th.-  lime  of  his  death.     Ilia  friends  have  erectol  a  mat  mausoleum  lo  bll 

m.mory  In  the  court-yard  of  his  late  residence,  which  U  quit,  an  object  of 

interest  to  strangers,  from  iU  Iwauty  and  slinpliolty. 

Besides  the  buildings  mentioned,  Niuhvllle  contains  several  manufucturlng 
e.labll»hmenU,  a  large  numU'r  of  wholesale  an<l  retail  ston.s  of  all  kinds, 
and  a  population  of  about  17,000.  8t.'amboata  leave  for  New  Orleans  and 
intermediate  porU ;  stage,  leave  for  Lexington,  Vlcksburg.  Memphis,  Colum- 
bus,  and  Smlthland. 

Nashville  Is  about  to  be  connected  directly  with  most  of  the  Important 
town,  and  cltlcof  the  .urrounJing  states;  and  through  them,  with  fhoae 
further  off.  The  Nashville  and  Chattanooga  road  is  nearly  completed,  car. 
are  running  on  It  to  Alisonla,  some  TT  miles;  the  IxjuLville  i  Nashville,  and 
the  Nashville  A  Columbia  roads  are  under  contract;  while  others  to  Mem- 
phis, New  Orleans,  via  Jackson,  SJ^^,  Lexington,  via  Danville,  Ky.,  Ac,  Ac., 
are  proJect«d,  and  when  compleUnl  must  gn-atly  Increase  the  business  of  thl. 
city.  Such  outleU  are  much  rcqulre.1,  as  Nashville  become,  almost  iwlat«d 
u  Mon  a.  the  Cumberland  river  geU  too  low  for  navigation. 

Smlthland,  county-seat  of  Livingston  county,  Kentucky, 
is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  mouth  of  Cumberland  river. 
It  is  a  pince  of  considerable  commercial  importance  being  favor- 
8blv  situated  for  reshlpping  jrood.  to  and  from  the  interior  of 

Kentucky  and  Tennessee.  .  „      j      .„,„  „«:„.. 

Smlthland  now  contains  a  court-house,  jail  and  county  ottices, 
2  churches,  I  foundry  and  machine  shop,  a  boat  yard,  tannery,  a 
Urge  number  of  stores,  and  a  popalatton  of  1,500. 


»-  .r^^-^i.ii^-'c^^.'-. '- 


160 


ROUTE   OF   THB   OHIO   RIVER. 


'roiiilP««M>C  lllvrr,  the  UrgrBl  trllmUry  of  the  Ohio,  ami 

o„e  of""  l«^.sl  ".TH  .:.Hl  of  the  .MU.sU«i,,i.  l.  fonned  by  I  >. 
uZ  of  tl  .<  Clin-'h  U...1  Hol-to>.  riv.TH.  wl.icl.  rU-,  I.,  tho  All,.- 
u    u  V    .10   nt,.i.H.  ..».!  ....itc  .ibout  forlyfivo  .ni  -h  Bouth-w,.,l 

u:;"rS  U  S  no\t  Tp-irt  of  the  Htato  of  Alaha.na,  «nd  th.a 
truverslnt  me     or  ,  northerly  dlrccliox  through  the 

:S'  ?T-nu    "e  «!rK«!uuck,.  and  h^.ally  omptle.  Into  th. 
Ohio   twelve  mlloB  below  the  mouth  of   tho  Cumbcrlat.d.  a  .d 
about  fry  from  tho  n.outh  of  tho  Ohio.     The  totjd  length  of  tl, 
I        fin  „  Vhn  head  waters  of  the  Clinch  nud   HolHton,  U  about 
;'o»0  'm     .     beirg  lo7ger  than  the  Ohio  fron,  Pit.Bbnrgh  to  t  a 
mon^h      Tl  e  obHt?uctlon«to  navigation  are  few  and  -oM,-M 
be  remedi.  d.     The  lirHt  obstruction  is  the  MuHcle  .hoaU  8t  Ho  - 
lie    A  la  ha  ma,  about  two   hundred  and  elxty  mile*  from  th 
moulh      Up"o  this  point,  the  largest  class  stean.boaU  can  ascend 
Ta  most  aiiy  season  of  tho  year.     Above  these  shoals  the  uavig. 
Uon  I.  euti  e%  unobstructed  for  the  distance  of  two  hundred  aad 
fiftv  mUes  which  is  as  far  as  would  be  of  any  practical  use.  as  lh« 
co7n^V  here  h,  wild  and  .uountainous,  but  UHlo  cu  l.vated.  and 
?hU  V  fuhabited.     There  1ms  been  u  canal  con.-lructed  around  lh» 
Musc^  Xoa Is.  which,  if  tinlshed  as  designed  to  be   will  obv  a^ 
JhH  fficuUies  of  navigation  at  this  point.     Tho  banks  of  t lu. 
river  areas  yet  but  thinly  inhabited,  and  the  tow.is  are    ike  tie 
^UUs  of   cel^estial  beings!  exceedingly  '',  f-  "f^^ '!,;,^"; ;7:„ 
Civilization,  however,  is  advancing  with  '''P'V  Tli^;, "',,  tl.i! 
lone  the  barren  wastes  and  howling  wilderness,  bor.lering  o       m 
nobVriver,  will  disappear  before  the  smiling  verdure  of  cu  tua- 
Ton,  and  the  busy  hSmof  industrious  uud  euterpris.ng  citizens. 

Notes. 

Florence,  county  scat  of  Lauderdale  county,  Alal.a.na.  ia  .ituatad  ou 
tho  Tenne,*™  river,  two  l.andred  and  »ixty  mile,  from  tU.  mouth,  and.U. 
heaa  of  steamboat  navigation.  It  U  the  mo,t  importuul  place  "»  l'"  ""^ 
und,  from  lt»  situation,  1,  destined  to  become  a  pla..  «f -^""'"l""""  '"'"  " 
tan  e.  It  conUln»  a  l.an,l.ome  courthouse,  Bercral  church^.,  a  fine  hotel, 
; Tumber  of  -tores  of  various  kind,,  and  a  population  of  about  2,500. 

Tuscumbla.  8ltuaU-d  on  the  TennesBee  river,  a  little  below  Florence,  In 
the  same  county, !,  a  thriviug  and  important  town.  It  contain,  two  cr  thr« 
ehurche,,  ,everal  stores  and  a  population  of  about  2.000  Theretaar. 
road  extending  from  Tuseumbla  to  D.«^atur.  a  small  town  ..tuated  tJurty-«i 
^,  2"  e,  at  the  head  of  Muscle  .hoal,.  At  Tuscumbla  there  Is  «  v« 
«u»arLble  Spring,  wUioU  flows  from  .  fl3sur.  In  .  limestone  rock.  ^  whicU 


P 

Is  si 
with 
nuiii 
nipi 

UilVi 

imp 
hoti 

I 

con 

and 

I 

spoi 
pl:il 
sevi 
but 
tiiii 
J 
siti 

tin: 

of 


(IIO   RIVER. 


ROUTE   OF   THE   OHIO    KIVEB. 


IWI 


It  trllmtBry  of  the  Ohio,  ami 

MiaHidHii;i>i,  It  foniiPil  by  ll"' 
v.TH,  wliieli  rU.)  Ill  llio  All..- 

fi)rty-livi!  niil'-H  boiuIi-w(»1 
1  tuki'H  a  HOUtli-weHt  course, 

Htuto  of  Alubuina,  and  ihtn 
rtherly  illrocllon  through  the 
und  fiimlly  cmptle»  Into  the 
ith  of  the  Ciinilx^rlttiid,  nui 
ihlo.  The  total  length  of  tliis 
Clinch  null  Holnton,  li  about 

Ohio  from  Pittsburgh  to  the 
itlon  nri'  few,  and  conid  PiinHy 

lt«  till)  Mu8clo  shoals  at  Flor- 
id und  sixty   miles  from  the 
St  class  steuMibouts  oun  MCeiid 
\bovo  these  ghouls  the  uaviga- 
J  distance  of  two  hundred  auil 
bo  of  any  practical  use,  as  the 
lous,  but  UHlu  cultivated,  and 
i canal  con.lructed  around  tbo 
a  designed  to  bo,  will  obviaUi 
lis  point.     The  banks  of  this 
d,  and  the  towns  are  like  the 
igly  "few  and   far  between." 
ig  with  rapid  strides,  und  ere 
5  wildeme.ss,  bordering  on  thij 
ho  smiling  verdure  of  cultiva- 
lous  uud  euterprising  citizens. 


lie  county,  Alnl.iiina,  ia  sltuatod  ou 
xty  nilliis  from  tlic  uicjutli,  and  at  the 
i>  mo.1t  important  place  on  tl»o  river, 
«comc  a  place  of  consiaeiablo  Impur- 
10U80,  Bcvoral  churches,  a  fine  hotel, 
jd  a  population  of  aliout  2,500. 

CBBco  river,  a  little  U'low  Florence,  in 
irtanttown.  It  contains  two  cr  thrw 
itlon  of  about  2,000.  There  is  a  rail. 
jtur,  s  small  town  situated  thirty-bii 
joals.  At  Tuscumbia  there  Is  a  '"? 
assure  In  •  limestone  rock,  nnd  which 


i   .,i,i  to  ,li-charKe-o,flOO  cubic  f..«l  of  water  per  minute.    Tu-euinbla  1.  ou 
„„.  line  of  railroad  connection  from  Memphis,  Teunessee,  to  the  thaltanoo- 

^-li  riiilruad. 

Padlicall,  county  seat  of  McCrackcn  county,  Kentucky, 
U  si"ated  ou  the  west  bank  of  the  Tenne>«ee  at  its  junctlou 
with  the  Ohio  It  wu.  laid  out  in  the  year  8vJ7,  and  received  Ita 
me  in  honor  of  tlvo  celebrated  Indian  chief,  Padueah.  It  is 
no  llv  growing  Into  a  large  aiul  extensive  trade,  and,  trom  ts 
X'n  ageous  uosition.  will  bocon.e  u  town  of  great  comn.ercial 
;:,,  .onance.  It  now  contains  4  churches,  a  cour  .house,  a  liuo 
hotel,  a  largo  number  of  stores,  and  a  population  of  J,UU(). 

HrlsradO.  situated  eight  miles  below  Padueah,  in  iSlassac 
eou.itvi  Illinois,  is  a  small  village  of  no  particular  Importuuce, 
a,„l  containing  only  a  few  houses.     Population,  4U. 

Fort  Massac,  two  miles  below,  in  the  same  county.  Is  the 
spot  which  tho  troops  occup.e.l,  who  were  sent  to  intercept  the 
„|;„H  of  tho  celebrated  Aahon  UurR.  The  fort  was  burned  down 
Heveral  years  ago,  and  nothing  is  to  be  seeji  now  to  mark  the  spot. 
but  a  barrou  plut  of  ground,  covered  with  rubbish  and  blackened 
tiiiibers. 

ITICII'OnoliS,  county  seat  of  Massac  county,  Illinois,  la 
situated  one  mile  below  the  site  of  Fort  Massac.  It  has  been 
l;,id  out  recently;  and  having  a  very  eligible  location,  ii.uy,  in 
lime,  become  an  importuut  place.  It  now  contains  a  population 
of  uliout  150. 

Ililianian,  situated  eight  miloB  below  Metropolis,  In  the 
s;iine  county,  h  u  small  village,  containing  only  about  10(1  inliub- 
it^mta.  It  lies  on  a  low  plat  of  ground  liable  to  inundation,  and 
consequently  makes  but  slow  progress. 

Wllklnsonville,  lies  nine  miles  below  IliUnmnn,  In 
Alrxundi  r  county,  Illinois.  It  is  a  small  village,  named  in  honor 
of  General  Wilkinson,  and  containing  about  100  inhabitauts. 

Caledonia,  ten  miles  below  Wilkinsonville,  in  the  samo 
county  is  a,  small  village. 

America,  three  miles  below  Caledonia,  In  the  same  county, 
is  a  small  und  unimportant  village. 

Trinity,  situated  six  miles  below  America,  also  in  Alexander 
county,  Illinois,  Is  a  landing  point  for  steamers,  and  contains  only 
two  or  three  houses.  This  i)lnco  is  located  at  the  mouth  of  Cache 
river,  a  small  and  unimportant  stream,  which  rises  In  Union 
county,  and  enters  the  Ohio  about  sU  miles  from  Its  mouth. 


158 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MISSOURI   RIVER. 


ROUTE  OF  THE  MISSOURI  RIVER. 

The  Missouri  Biver,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and 
takes  iU  name  after  the  union  of  three  branches,  the  Jefferson, 
GuUiitin,  and  Muilison.  The  springs  which  give  nse  to  he 
Missour  river,  are  not  more  than  a  mile  dista.  .  from  some  of  th. 
head  waters  of  the  Columbia  river,  which  ru.  ,  in  a  contrary 
direction,  into  tlie  Pacific  ocean. 

It  he  distance  of  four  hundred  and  forty-one  mile,  from  he 
extreme  point  of   the  navigation  of   the  head  branches  of  th» 
r4Lsrri,'^are  what  are  denominated  the  "Gates  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,"  which  present  an  exceedingly  grand  and  picturesque 
appearance      For  the  distance  of  about  six  miles  the  rocks  r«e 
pS  peudicularly  from  the  margin  of   the  "^en'o  'lie  high  o 
twelve  liundred  feet.     Tlie  river  is  compressed  to  the  breadth  of 
one  hundred  aud  fifty  yards,  and  for  the  first  three  miles  there  i, 
o  ly  one  spot,  and  that  only  of  a  few  yards,  on  which  a  man 
couKnd^etween  the  water  and  the  perpendicular  ascent  of  h, 
mountain.    At  the  distance  of  1 10  miles  below  this,  and  551  ni.  e, 
ftom  the  Bource  of  the  river,  are  the  "Great  Falls,"  2,575  mi « 
from  the  egress  of  the  river  into  the  Mississippi.     At  this  place 
the  river  descends,  by  a  succession  of  rapids  and  falls,  a  distance 
of  357  feet  in  sixteen  miles  and  r,  half.     The  lower  and  greate 
?all    has  a  perpendicular  pitch  of  eighty-seven  feet,  the  second 
of  nineteen"  tile  third  of  t'ortyseven,  and  the  fourth  of  twenty 
six   eet.     Between  and  below  these  falls  are  continual  rapids  o 
foin  three  to  eighteen  feet  descent.     These  falls,  nex   to  those  of 
Niagara,  are  the  grandest  on  the  continent.     Above  the  falls,  the 
course  of  the  river  is  northwardly.  . ,      .  ,.-  .„„,.ik 

The  Yellowstone  riv.r,  eight  hundred  yards  wide  at  "•  m»«"b, 
and  probably  the  largest  tributary  of  the  Mi.ssouri.  enters  it  on  the 
south-west  side.  l,2l(<  miles  from  its  navigable  source,  and  l,m 
S  fTom  the  junction  with  the  Mississippi^     The  Yei  ows  one, 
Tl   he  place  of  junction,  is  as  large  as  the  Missouri.    falea.nboaUi 
^cend  to  this  piint,  and  could  go  much  farther  by  either  branch. 
The  ength  l(  the  Missouri  riter.from  its  source  to  Us  entrance 
into  the  Mississippi,  is  3,096  miles,which  will,  f  •« "dd.tion  of  1.J53 
miles,  the  distance  from  the  mouth  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  makes 
a   otal  length  of  4,449  miles,  being  the  longest  r  ver   n  the  wo  1  . 
Through  its  whole  course,  tliere  is  no  substantial  obstr.c  ion  t 
the  nav  gation.  before  arriving  at  the  Great  Fals      Its  principul 
tributaries  are  each  navigable  from  one   o  eight  hundred  miles. 
The  soil  immediately  on  the  bank,  of  this  river  is  very  fertile. 


IS80URI    RIVKR. 


EOCTK  OF   THE   MISSOURI    RIVKR. 


169 


[SSOHBI  RIVER. 

IS  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and 
tliree  bruncheB,  the  Jefferson, 
•ings  which  give  rise  to  the 
a  mile  dista.  >  from  some  of  the 
er,  which  ru.  ,  in  a  contrary 

I  and  forty-one  miles  from  the 

of   the  liead  branches  of  the 

ited  the  "  Gates  of  the  Rocky 

ieedingly  grand  and  picturesque 

about  six  miles,  the  roclts  ruie 

I  of  tlie  river,  to  tlie  bight  of 
is  compressed  to  the  breadth  of 
for  the  first  three  miles,  there  is 

a  few  yards,  on  which  a  man 
d  the  perpendicular  ascent  of  the 
[)  miles  below  this,  and  551  miles 
J  the  "  Great  Falls,"  2,575  miles 

the  Mississippi.  At  this  place 
n  of  rapids  and  falls,  a  distance 
r.  Iialf.  The  lower  and  greater 
)f  eighty-seven  feet,  the  second 
ivon,  and  the  fourth  of  twenty 
ese  fulls  are  continual  rapids  of 
nt.     Tliese  falls,  next  to  those  of 

continent.  Above  the  falls,  the 
y, 

lundred  yards  wide  at  its  month, 
y  of  tlie  Missouri,  enters  it  on  the 

II  its  navigable  source,  and  1,^80 
B  Mississippi.  The  Yellowstone, 
rge  as  the  Missouri.  SteauiboatJ 
o  much  further  by  either  branch, 
rer.from  its  source  to  its  entrance 
s,which  with  the  addition  of  1,353 
ith  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  malies 
ng  the  loRgest  river  in  tlie  world. 
5  is  no  substantial  obstriiction  to 

at  the  Great  Falls.  lU  principal 
from  one  to  eight  hundred  miles, 
tanks  of  this  river  is  very  fertile, 


but  extending  but  a  short  distance  in  the  interior.  Here  the  cyo 
ivsls  on  vast  and  bmuidless  prairies,  stretcliiiig  out  like  a  mighty 
ocVuii  Throngh  the  greater  part  of  its  course,  the  Missouri  is  a 
rmid  and  turbia  strenin,  and  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course,  flows 
t'lroiigh  an  arid  and  sterile  country.  It  is  over  half  a  mile  wide 
at  its  mouth,  and  irf  generally  nearly  a  mile  in  width.  Notwith- 
staiiding  it  drains  such  an  extensive  region  of  country,  and 
receives  so  many  large  tributaries,  it  is  at  certain  seasons  of  the 
year  quite  shallow,  not  affording  sufficient  water  for  steamboat 
navigation,  owing  to  its  passage  tlirough  a  dry  and  open  country. 
and  being  subject  to  more  than  usual  evaporation. 

The  Missouri  river  trade  has  become  a  very  important  one,  and 
tho  annual  business  between  St.  Louis  and  the  towns  on  the 
river,  and  with  Santa  Fo,  through  Independence,  is  increasing 
with  an  amazing  rapidity.       ,„,.,.,.  .,       , 

The  Missouri  river  enters  tho  Mississippi,  eighteen  miles  above 
St  Louis,  by  a  mouth  much  wider  than  the  upper  Mississippi.  It 
is  the  opinion  of  many  geographers,  that  the  Missouri  river  is  the 
inaia  river,  and  should  be  considered  as  one  river  from  its  head  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  reasons  in  support  of  this  opinion  are, 
that  below  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri  the  Mississippi  has  tho 
same  turbulent  appearance  as  the  Missouri ;  while  the  upper 
Mississippi  is  remarkable  for  its  clearness  and  transparency. 
There  are  some  peculiarities  of  tho  Missouri  river,  which  it  is 
hieldy  important  for  emigrants,  who  design  settling  on  its  banks, 
to  be  made  acquainted  with.  The  river  has  no  permanent  and 
Bcttlod  channel,  and  it  is  on  this  account  that  steamboats  are  gen- 
erally compelled  to  lay  up  in  the  night,  it  not  being  considered 
sale  to  run  unless  with  the  light  of  day  to  guide  them.  Many 
iiersons  who  have  purchased  farms  on  tho  banks  of  this  river,  not 
iiii.ierstanding  the  nature  of  the  current,  have  lost  acre  after  acre 
bv  the  wabhiug  away  of  the  soil,  and  in  many  instances  have 
bu.ii  completely  ruined.  Not  only  have  farms  suffered  in  this 
way,  but  whole  towns  have  been  laid  waste,  and  swept  off  with 
the  resistless  current  of  this  mighty  river,  compelling  the  inhahit- 
auU  to  seek  other,  and  more  permanent  places  of  abode. 

Hnm  the  source  of  the  Missouri  ud  tribuUries  to  t>)unoU  blulft,  the 
lamls  aloug  the  ri»«r  ue  almost  entirely  void  of  human  habitoUons.  Thero 
Ui'  Bomo  UnitaJ  Stuton'  military  posts  •.long  tho  banke  of  the  riTer,  among 
which  are  Fort  McKenzle,  Fort  OWon,  Fort  Mandan,  Fort  Clarke,  Fort  St. 
I'icrro,  and  a  lew  others. 

Council  Bluffs,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Missouri,  in  tho 
Indian    territory,  is  a  high  bluff  bank,  on  which  a  celebrated 
ludian  council  was  held.     It  is  a  place  of  considerable  notoriety, 
11 


BOirrB  OF  THE  MISSOURI   RIVKR. 


160 

on  account  of  iU  being  about  as  far  as  steainboaU  ever  ascend 
the  river. 

Council  Point,  situated  opposite,  in  Iowa,  is  sometimes 
miscalled  Council  Bluff.  It  is  the  landing  point  for  a  Mormon 
"wu  named  Kanksville,  situated  about  four  miles  in  the  interior. 

Note. 
KanesvlUe,  PottawBtomle  county,  Iowa,  wm  settled  about  four  yean 
^  by  the  Latter  Day  Saints,  or  Mormons.  It  Is  not  the  intention  of  th. 
Inhabitants  to  remain  here;  but  merely  choose  it  as  a  resUng  place,  on  their 
Jonrney  to  the  Great  Salt  Lakh.  Kanesville  contains  a  Ubemacle  for  tell- 
Blous  worship,  ten  stores  doing  a  large  and  profitable  business,  and  a  popula- 
tion of  about  2,000.  The  population,  howeyer,  is  very  fluctuating,  great 
numbers  leaving  every  epring  for  the  valley  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  a. 
many  arriving  during  the  fall  and  winter.  The  business  of  this  place  i. 
tamen«,,  it  being  the  la.t  pla«,  on  the  route  to  Oregon  and  Cal.fornia  where 
supplies  can  be  obtained.  Many  of  the  omigranU  get  their  entire  outfit  at 
thii  place.  KanesvlUe  received  its  name  in  honor  of  Colonel  Thomas  L.  Kane, 
of  Philadelphia,  who  was  a  distinguished  officer  in  the  Mormon  battalion,  in 
the  Mexican  war.  I 

Traders'  Point,  four  miles  below  Council  Point,  in  the 
same  county,  is  a  small  French  settlement,  established  to  facilitate 
trade  between  the  various  Indian  traders.     It  contains  about  100     1 
inhabitants. 

Bcllcvnc,  twenty-one  miles  below  Traders'  Point,  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  river,  in  the  Indian  territory,  is  an  Indian  mis- 
Bionarv  station.  It  is  also  the  residence  of  the  agent  employed 
bv  the  United  Slates  to  attend  to  the  government  business  with 
the  tribes  inhabiting  this  territory.  It  has  a  good  lauding  for 
boats,  and  may  some  time  become  an  important  place. 

Platte  River,  rises  in  the  Rocky  mountains,  by  two 
branches,  termed  tiie  North  and  South  Forks.  Alter  an  easterly 
course  of  nearly  2,000  miles,  it  empties  into  the  Missouri  fifteen 
miles  below  Bellevue.  It  is  about  a  mile  wide  at  the  mouth;  but 
is,  as  its  name  indicates,  exceedinftly  shallow,  and  is  not  navi- 
gable, except  ill  times  of  the  great  spriug  fresliets. 

Iowa  Point,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  miles  below  ihe 
month  of  Platte  river,  Holt  county,  Missouri,  is  the  landing  point 
for  the  town  of  Oregon,  county  seat  of  Holt  county,  situated  t^i 
miles  in  the  interior.  Oregon  contains  a  population  of  about  jUU. 
Nodeway  City,  thirty  miles  below  Iowa  Point,  in  Andrew 
county,  Missouri,  is  a  small  village  containing  a  few  stores,  and 


iinj 
for 
cor 
chi 


DRI  RIVER. 

B8  Steamboats  ever  ascend 

site,  in  Iowa,  is  sometimes 
nding  point  for  a  Mormon 
It  four  miles  in  the  interior. 


•a,  WM  settled  about  four  yean 
.  It  Is  not  tho  intention  of  the 
Me  it  as  a  resting  place,  on  their 
lie  contains  a  tabernacle  for  reli- 
)rofitable  business,  and  a  popula- 
eyer,  Is  Tory  fluctuating,  great 
ly  of  the  Qreat  Salt  Lake,  and  as 
.  The  business  of  this  place  ii 
e  to  Oregon  and  California  where 
grants  get  their  entire  outfit  at 
lonor  of  Colonel  Thomas  L.  Kane, 
Beer  in  the  Mormon  battalion,  la 

below  Council  Point,  in  the 
ment,  established  to  facilitate 
lers.     It  contains  about  100 

Kjlow  Traders'  Point,  on  the 
I  territory,  is  an  Indian  mis- 
ence  of  tlie  agent  omployed 

0  government  business  with 
ft  lias  a  good  lauding  for 

n  important  place. 

Rocky  mountains,  by  two 
til  Forks.  After  an  easterly 
ptios  into  the  Missouri  fifteen 

mile  wide  at  the  mouth;  but 
;ly  shallow,  and  Is  not  uavi- 
ipriug  fresliets. 
id  thirty-five  miles  below  ihe 
Missouri,  is  the  landing  point 
t  of  Holt  county,  situated  tiM\ 
,in9  a  population  of  about  500. 

below  Iowa  Point,  in  Andrew 

1  coutaiuing  a  few  stores,  and 


ROUTE   OF   THE   MISSOURI   RIVER. 


161 


\  ,  onn  i,.hnl.itinf)  It  is  tho  landing  point  for  Savannah,  a 
t:^^'j>S1tZ,uli  situated  a  tJ  .Lies  oiV  the  river.  It 
is  Uie  county  seal  of  Andrew  county. 

«it    Joscnil,   twentv-tivo   miles   below  Nodewrty    City,  in 
Buchanan  COU.V,  Missouri,  is  a  thriving  and  important  town. 
It  wrseUkd  oni;  about  seven  years  since,  and  named  in  honor 
of  T\Ir  Joseph  Knbidoux,an  old  gentleman,  who  has  resided  at 
?1  i   ooiut  for  about  forty  years.     He  bid  out  the  town  hmiself, 
IZ  Sled  all  of  the  streets  after  his  children,  of  wii.ch  lie  had 
a    ampT quantity  to  have  supplied  the  streets  of  several  towns 
«  th  nanieT  St.^  Joseph  is  now  growing  with  amazing  rapidjty, 
Tud  it  is  confidently  predicted,  that  in  a  very  few  years,  it  will  be 
?he  second  town  in   he  state  in  point  of  wealth  and  commerc.,U 
mportance.    There  has  been  a  telegraph  lino  established  between 
this   town   and   St.  Louis,  and  there  is  under  contract  n  rail- 
w    ■  to  Hannibal,  on  the  Mississippi,  which  will  no  doubt  soon  ba 
completed.     St.  Joseph   now  contains  7  churches,  viz  :  1  Bap- 
titr    Presbyterian.  2  Methodist,  1  Campbellite,  or  D'»c'ple».l 
Catholic,  and  1  Latter  Day  Saints  or  Mormons.     There  a  e  also 
V  stea  .  flour  mills,  2  steam  saw  mills,  and  1  saw  mill  running  by 
wuterpower,  a  large  number  of  stores,  and  a  population  of  about 

^' There  are  many  emigrants  constantly  passing  through  this  place 
to  seek  TheTong  lost^El  Dorado  of  the  world.     The  pnnc.pa 
routes  to   California  and  Oregon   however,  commence   at  Fort 
LeavenworTh,  Independence,  a'nd  the  mouth  of  Kansas  river. 

Stages  leave  regularly  for  Liberty  and  other  points. 

Westoa,  about  fifty-five  miles  below  St.  Joseph,  i"  Pl»"e 
countr  MUsouri,  is  a 'fine  flourishing  place,  and  is  rapidly 
hnprov  ng  Maiiy  of  the  emigrants  make  tins  a  s  opp.ng  place, 
for  lay  nl  in  supplies,  previous  to  starting  out  on  the  plains.     It 

oaufns^l  MetKSdist,'!  Baptist,  1  Presbyterian  and  I  Catholic 
church,  a  large  number  of  stores  and  a  population  of  2,01)1). 

Uttle  Platte  Biver  Landiut;.  ti"ee  miles  below 

Weiton,  is  the  landing  point  for  Platte  City,  situated  ■»  "hort  d.s- 
tance  up  the  Little  Platte  river.  It  is  the^couuty  seat  of  Platte 
county,  and  contains  about  300  inhabitants. 

Fort  £«aVCnworth,  four  miles  below  Platte  River 
La„"ng.  Situated  on  a  high  bluff  of  the  Missouri  in  the  Ind  an 
territorv.  Tlie  situation  is  remarkably  hne,  the  bluff  being 
about  1^  feet  in  hlght.  and  composed  F'nc'l>;'"y  »]  ^h'te  lima- 
stone.  There  is  an  excellent  landing  or  boats  . md  ma.,y  other 
superior  advantages,  which  warrant  the  belief  ^at  there  will, 
some  day,  be  at  this  place  a  large  and  flourishing  town.    There 


16'2 


ROUTE   OF    THE   MISSOURI    RIVE  1. 


X 


is  uHually  a  8m..ll  garrison  stationed  here,  and  it  h  thorendezvou, 
for  all  Unit€rl  Stales'  troops  destined  for  banta  Fe,  Oregoii,  and 
the  frontier  stations.  One  of  the  piincipul  routes  to  Cuhfonna 
commences  at  this  place.  _  , 

Little  Plaitte  liivrr  rises  in  Clarko  county,  lown,  and 
pursuinu  an  aln.ost  direct  southward  course  for  8  distance  of 
Sbout  two  hun.ired  tniles.e.npHes  into  the  Missour.  two"ty>n.le. 
below  Fort  Leavenworth.     This  river  is  exceedingly  shallow,  and 

difficult  to  navigate.  .     ,    ,        .,  .u  „<•  pi„,,. 

Purkville,  situated  one  mile  below  the  mouth  of  Platte 

river,  in  Platte  county,  Missouri,  is  a  fine  flourishing  htte  village. 

It  wa  "named  in  honor  of  one  of  the  «'Y'y  ««"'«"•  °V^'?^I^^ 

by  the  name  of  Park.     It  now  contains  3  churches,  about  a  dozen 

stores,  and  a  population  of  2(i0.  ,  ^  ..    .    ■       t 

■tVuiSaS  BiV«r.-This  is  one  of  the  largest  tributaries  of 

the  Missouri.     It  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  runs  east- 

ward  through  the  entire  breadth  of  the  Indian  territory,  and 

rmpUeshUo  the  Missouri,  ten  miles  below  ParlcviUe.     Its  eiU.re 

Wth  is  about  twelve  hun.ired  miles,  for  nine  hundred  of  which 

it  might  be  navigated.     It  is  three  hundred  and  forty  yards  wide 

at"he  mouth,  and  discharges  an  i.nmense  amount  of  water;  many 

of  its  tributaries  being  nearly  as  large  as  itself. 

Kansas  Kivei-  Lauding  is  a  landing  P"'"*^"'  ^yan 
DorrF.  City,  situated  a  short  distance  in  the  interior.     It  is  also 

one  of  thepHncipal  starting  points  fo\«"'  S""'*  f '"B;°i*^lSeT 
Kansas,  situated  near  the  mouth  of  Kansas  river,  ii  JacK 
B„S!  Mi-uri,is  a  P'e-«ntly-lucated  towi^  standing  ... 
a  hiirh  bank  of  the  river,  and  commanding  a  view  ot  tne  sur 
?ouSi'ng  coulllry  for  ma'ny  miles.  It  is  thought  by  m.uy  t 
possess  the  finest  situation  of  any  town  on  the"^«r.  The  hurt 
ness  is  very  extensive,  there  being  an  almost  constant  stream  ot 
Travc  to  thUcoun.ry  whose  barren  rocks  are  sources  of  weal  h 
lncatcu°able,  and  who;e  rivers  flow  through  sands  gllttenug  with 

^"Kansas  contains  3  churches,  a  large  number  of  rtore.,  and 

•''Kandofptf  ve  mi.es  below,  in  Clay  county.  MU»o«ri.  i. 
a  hai""m.  liUle'viUage,  finely  sit,;.ated  on  "  --"-^^^^^^^^ 
nenoe.     It  contains  one  or  two  churches,  several  stores,  anu 

""Cayae  Cu"y,  seven  miles  below  Randolph,  is  the  princl- 
Dal  laudine  point  for  goods  and  merchandise  destined  for  Inde- 
J  'ndete?andU  connected  with  it  by  the  In^^P-^«J-''f^l 

The    iNDBPKNDENCE    RaILROAD    DePOT    IS   "»l«»"'  J"*. ""'° ,u°„. 

Wayne  City     There  is  generally  quite  aa  air  of  buMuew  about 


thisi 
way 
and  1 
temp 
ll 
situa 
impc 
arou 
The 
with 
dwel 

tfcis, 

apo 
this 
coal 
by  c 
wag 
St.  i 
tion 
thro 
cial 
I 

..Of 

Ore 
the 
hid 
the 
the 
Pac 
nov 
afe 
cui 
tim 
one 
] 

CO. 

mil 

I 

It  I 
»p< 
aii( 


Vll 


lOCRI   RIVE  !. 


nOUTE   OF   THE   OHIO  BIVKR. 


163 


lere,  and  it  h  the  rendezvous 
I  for  Santa  Fe,  Oregon,  and 
liiicipul  routes  to  Culifoniia 

in  Clarito  county,  lown,  and 
ird  course  for  a  distance  of 
Xo  the  Missouri  twenty  miles 
sr  Is  exceedingly  shallow,  and 

I  below  the  mouth  of  Platte 
I  fine  flourishing  little  village. 
n  early  settlers  of  this  region, 
lins  3  churches,  about  a  doien 

e  of  the  largest  tributaries  of 
y  Mountains,  and  runs  east- 
of  the  Indian  territory,  and 
9  below  Parkville.  Its  entire 
es,  for  nine  hundred  of  which 
hundred  and  forty  yards  wide 
neuse  amount  of  water;  maay 
rge  as  itself. 

f  is  a  landing  point  for  Wtak- 
ce  in  the  interior.  It  is  also 
for  emigrants  going  to  Oregon. 
)uth  of  Kansas  river,  in  Jack- 
tly-located  town,  standing  on 
mmanding  a  view  of  the  sur- 
8.  It  is  thought  by  many  to 
town  on  the  river.  The  busi- 
•  an  almost  constant  stream  of 
en  rocks  are  sources  of  wealth 
/  through  sands  glittering  with 

large  number  of  stores,  and 

V,  in  Clay  county.  Missouri,  ii 
ti'.ated  on  a  commanding  emi- 
churches,  several  stores,  end  a 

below  Randolph,  is  the  princi- 
merclmndiso  destined  for  lud»- 
it  by  the  Independence  railroad. 
Depot  is  about  one  mile  ftrom 
IT  quite  an  air  of  busiuew  about 


this  plac..,  from  constant  arrival  of  goods  and  emigrants  on  thetr 
vly'^^o  Independence.  The  road  is  four  .niU-s  ong,  and  horses 
and  mules  are  used  to  draw  the  cars.  There  is,  however,  lu  con- 
leinnliiliDn,  A  new  track,  and  a  locomotive  engine. 

llldCDCndrncc,  county-seat  of  Jackson  county,  Missouri, 
situated  about  4  miles  back  of  ^Hyne  City,  is  a  place  of  groat 
importance,  and  growing  with  amazing  rapidity.     The  country 
Ziud  is  exceedinglv  fertile,  and  well  adapted  to  cul  ivatioi  . 
The  business  done  heVe  is  immense.     The  town  is  wel    laid  out 
with  wide  and  convenient  streets,  and  good,  substantial   brick 
dwellings.     It  contains  a  court-house  and  county  buddings.  J  ho- 
tels, 7  churches,  a  large  number  of  wholesale  and  retail  stores,  and 
a  population  of  2,.'i00^    There  is  a  large  trade  <:^".odi,n  between 
this  place  and  Santa  Fe.     The  goods  are  transported  "cro«  the 
country  in  v/agons,  built  very  large  and  strong,  and  usually  drawn 
by  oxen.  from%ixteen  to  twenty  of  which  are  attached  to  each 
waeon      It  is  the  western  terminus  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  from 
St.  Louis,  now  under  contract,  and  opening  a  direct  communica- 
tion to  the  eastern  cities,  via  the  Ohio  tf  Mississippi  Railway, 
throngh  Cincinnati,  which  will,  no  doubt,  increaae  the  commer- 
cial prosperity  of  the  place  very  much.  ^,„.„i,„„ 
I  ndepeudence  derives  its  importance  .fom  being  the  point  where 
.OBt  of  the  emigrants  going  tlie  overland  route  to  California  and 
Oregon,  get  their  last  supplies,  and,  also,  as  being  the  point  where 
the  principal  routes  to  these  places  commence.     This  gives  to 
Independence  an  air  of  business  possessed  by  no  other  town  on 
the  frontier;  and  when  the  uninterrupted  line  of  railway  from 
the  East  shall  pour  in  its  thousands  of  emigrants,  bound  for  the 
Pacific  coast  and  intermediate  points,  the  rapid   improvements 
now  going  on  at  this  place  will  no  doubt  greatly  increase,  and  In 
a  few  yeara  we  may  expect  to  see  a  large  and  flourishing  city  oc- 
cupying the  site  of  this  town.     Stages  leave  Independence  throe 
times  a  week  for  Booneville,  Jefferson  City,  and  St  Louis;  and 
once  a  month  for  Santa  Fe.              .      ,    ,       ,,,  nit.,   ri.» 
Liberty  Landing,  five  miles  below  Wayne  City,  U«y 
county,  Missouri,  is  a  landing  point  for  the  town  of  Liberty,  four 
miles  from  the  river. 

I^ikertr,  county«atof  Clay  county,  Misaourl,  1»  a  fine,  flourishing  town. 
It  contains  a  courtrhouec  and  county  otBces,  5  churches,  about  30  .tore.,  and 
a  population  of  1,600.  Stage.  Icare  daily  tor  St  Louis  and  fort  Leavenworth; 
and  three  times  a  week  for  St  Jowph. 

Livingston,  five  miles  below  Liberty  Landing,  Is  a  small 
village,  formerly  a  landing  place  for  Independence. 


ROUTB   OF  THK   MISSOtRI    BIVEE. 


164 

foruuT  ti.nes.  u  Uu.dinK  P '''';;^„f°i;,  '  ,  lo  e!  u.ul  it  is  left  now 
noiglibor  Livi..g«lo..,  iw  "'^^   I"' '""i, ;\^°ner  groatn.'SF.     Tl.cre 

Lexington,  county  seat  of  ^"fl'f "«  =°  "'y^^  having 
,ix  .Miles  below  Wellington.  It  » '',  ";^:  '  ^^^'b^ing  about  30U 
Z  Mgl.esl  "ooation  o(^„y  to-  on  0  or  .er.  be.  ^g^^^^  ^_^^  .  ^ 

feet  above  bigli  w.itcr  >»''^''-  .,  ,7_"'  „ri.house,  jail  and  cou..ty 
the  year  \S:S;  a..d  .t  now  """t^  '  j^'^'^"''^'  ,ti"t,  Vresbyterian.  1 
officis,  7  churches,  v.z        ^If^''°j';';,  .^d  i  CHmpbellite  Baptist, 

Se^Vr^o^leffersrlurSt" VoSand  ...«depende..ce. 
""W;.eonda,twonty.five.i|esb.ow^^^^^ 
:S^-iV„rrisS'tf  ^wrt'C^^^  douhle  that  wore 

^  in  a  southwest  direction  for  ^'^'^^^^^V^e..  mile,  below  Wa- 

cou.Uies.     It  is  ..avigated  by  boats  about  100  m.les. 

Brunswick,  two  miles  »-'- £'\°„",?/S?rltuaS 
in  Chariton  county,  is  a  «»«.  «"*^[P''*'"8  J^^churches,  Baplist, 

1,000  iuhabitaats. 


BOtHI    RIVER. 


ROUTE   OF   THK   MISSOURI   RIVER. 


165 


lo  below  Livingston,  was,  in 
liidepL'iide'ice  ;  but,  lil<e  Its 
,  19  gone,  und  it  is  left  "ow 
its  former  groutncsp.  llicre 
aut  sorry  looking  affairs. 

Owen's  Landing,  Is  a  fine, 
,  county,  Missouri.     U  occu- 

a  military  station  abandoned 
urclies,  about  a  dozen  stores, 

Sibley,  in  Ray  county,  Mis- 
taining  about  the  same  popu- 

aelow   Camden,   in   Lafayette 
ng  less  than  a  dozen  houses. 
Lafayette  county,  Is  situated 
a  fine,  thriving  town,  having 
on  the  Tiver,  being  about  301) 
,  first  house  built  here  was  in 
,  a  court-house,  jail  and  county 
Ut,  1  Baptist,  1  Presbyterian.  1 
opal,  and  1  Campbelllte  Baptist, 
1  masonic  college,  a  large  nuin- 
of  3,000.     Stages  leave  three 
it.  Louis,  and  Independence, 
lies  below  Lexington,  in  Carroll 
•owing  town.     It  contains  now 
I  no  doubt  double  that  before 

,w  Walconda,  In  Saline  county, 
contains  two  or  three  churches, 
.f  400. 

[adlson  county,  Iowa,  and  flows 
lance  of  two  hundred  and  forty 
,ourl  eighteen  miles  be^w  Wa- 
,e  between  Carroll  and  Chantoa 
its  about  100  miles. 
5elow  the  mouth  of  Grand  river, 
nterprlslng  town.  It  Is  situated 
;ontalns  several  churches,  Bapllsti 
largo  number  of  stores,  nnd  about 


Old  Jefferson,  twenty-eight  miles  below  .B""«w'ok,  in 
^Ze  counuris  a  small,  dilapidated  village,  containing  about  40 
hitant"  There  was  formerly  a  place  by  this  name  a  short 
;S  iown  the  river,  opposJoiasgow;  but  t  -  remo-less 
river  swept  it  oft,  and  the  inhabitanU  were  compelled  to  seek  lor 
oilier  lodgings.  ,    „  . 

t'ilSU'ilOII  Kivcr,  rises  in  Lucas  county,  Iowa,  and  after 
Vf  n,.^  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  In  a  southerly  direction, 
:,ri"^l  tlie  M^-tr^^^^^^^^^^  Old  Jefrerso...     It  is  not 

navM.'ablo  for  more  than  thirty  or  forty  m.les. 
(/•asKOW,   three   miles  below  Old   Jefferson,   In  Howard 
.?  u  H  t,  ICO  of  some  note,  and  is  rapidly  Improving.     It 
comity,  19  a  pace  o,  «°'"^  ^       V        „„d  i' Campbellite  church, 

ITlnai:  Im  nart  'l  rge  Sbe';of  stores  of  vajious  kinds,  and 
a  feinate  ff""  „f  i 'oon  Sf.iros  leave  dally  for  St.  Louis,  Fort 
lirtortllnd-'lrine^iStl  points;  a.^d  three  times  a  week 

fur  Hannibal. 

4l.ro  W  Bock,  nine  mites  below  Glasgow,  in  S»l'n'',«»""'y| 
i.  a  1  aXnely  situated  village,  standing  alout  one  hun  red  and 
ftfty  feet  above  the  river.     It  derives  its  name  from  t  «/'«'|^n« 

is  about  300.  ,   ^  , 

f  -i  itlinc  Bivcr,  rises  in  Lafayette  and  Johnso.-  conn- 
tie^Mw"""  "empties  Into  the  Missouri,  te„  mUes  below 
Tr'ow  Rock      It  is  navigable  for  about  thirty  miles.     The  water 
oiZ  river  is  remarkably  clear,  and  almost  transparent. 

J  fopulation  of  1,200.    Stages  leave  three  times  a  week  for 
Columbia,  Jefferson  City,  and  Independence. 
Note. 

Franklin,  opposite  BooneTille,  is  a  small  place,  located  about  three 
Jr"„"the'  riv!:  ban..  It  fcrmer.y  stood  on  *»«  Hver ;  but  1»»  "any 
of  iU  neighbors,  w«  driven  back  by  the  merciless  waters.    Population.  200. 

Bockport,  fifteen  miles  below  BoonevlUe,  in  Boone  county, 
Is  a  thriving  town  of  about  500  inhabitants. 


f 


166 


ROUTE   or   THE   MISSOURI   RIVER. 


Providence,  twelve  miles  below  Rnckport,  In  the  sanin 
coiintv,  was  built  aflor  tlie  flood  in  lfl»,  lor  the  conveiiif  iico  of 
Coliiii'ii)iii,  sitimled  n  few  niiles  ill  tlio  interior.  l'roviii«ncu  con- 
tains only  ubont  tiftenn  honses,  iind  will  never  be  likely  tocontniii 
muny  more,  ua  tliere  iif  no  pluco  for  much  of  a  town  ut  this  point. 

Note. 

Columbia,  situated  al)OUt  ten  uillon  from  tho  banks  of  tho  MiMouri.  ii 
the  county  seatofltoone  county,  and  contttinsacourtUouso,  several  chutcUo, 
and  atiout  1,(KI0  Inluibltants.  It  is  the  si'at  of  thu  lilssouri  Uuirersity, 
founded  in  1840.  Tho  univorsity  lias  a  pre«iduut,  three  profeswra  and  sixtj 
atudcnts.    Stages  leave  dally  for  St.  Louis  and  other  points. 

IViishvllle,  one  mile  below  Providence,  in  the  game  county, 
is  tt  HPUtll  village.  The  river  is  fa»t  washing  it  away.  It  num- 
bers now  about  100  inhabitants. 

ninrion,  situated  In  Cole  county,  fifteen  miles  below  Nash- 
ville, is  a  small  town  containing  about  500  inhabituntn.  It  wiis 
formerly  tlie  county-seat,  but  that  has  been  removed  to  Jeffersuii 
City. 

Hibcrnln,  fifteen  miles  below  Marlon,  In  Callaway  county, 
is  a  pleasant  little  village,  containing  a  population  of  about  lOU. 
JcflersOII  City,  county-seat  of  Cole  county,  and  capitul 
of  the  State  of  Missouri,  is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the 
Missouri  river,  five  miles  below  Hilwrnia.  It  contains  a  stale- 
house,  situated  on  a  high  and  beautiful  hill,  called  Capito  hi  I, 
the  governor's  house,  state  penitentiary,  a  court-house  of  brick, 
1  Baptist,  1  Methodist,  1  Presbyterian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Catli- 
olic  church,  1  grist-mill,  1  rope  manufactory,  a  large  number  of 
stores  of  various  kinds,  and  a  population  of  1,500.  Stages  leave 
dally  for  St.  Louis;  three  times  a  week  for  Independence,  Le.K- 
ington,  Booneville,  &c.  The  Pacific  Railway  will  pass  through 
this  place,  connecting  Independence  with  St.  Louis,  and  bringing 
Jefferson  City  in  direct  connection  with  the  eastern  cities. 

OsaffC  Blver  rises  in  the  Indian  territory,  and  after  a  me- 
andering course  of  several  hundred  miles,  empties  into  the  Mis- 
Bouri  nine  miles  below  Jefferson  City.  It  is  397  yards  wide  at 
the  mouth,  and  is  navigable  for  steamboats  about  200  miles.  1  be 
land  bordering  on  this  river  is  exceedingly  fertile,  and  yields 
abundant  crops  of  all  the  producU  of  the  West. 

Portland,  twenty-one  miles  below  Jefferson  City,  in  Cal- 
laway county.  The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  logs,  in  the  real 
backwoods  fashion.    Population  about  300. 


lOURI   RIVER. 


ROUTE   OF  THE    1LUN0T8    RIVER. 


167 


ilnw  Rockport,  In  the  snmn 
lf<'l  I,  lor  the  coiivi'iiiiMico  of 
10  interior.  I'roviiitMico  con- 
vill  uevr  be  likely  tocoiitnlii 
much  of  a  town  u't  this  point. 


frnm  tbo  banks  of  the  MlMonri.  ii 
iiw a courtUouso,  novursl chutclu'i, 
Ri'at  of  thu  JiiiKSOurl  Uuirvnity, 
iKiduut,  thri'V  proluuora  and  aiit; 
auil  other  puiiita. 

)vldence,  in  the  sajne  county, 
washing  it  away.     It  num- 

ty,  fifteen  miles  below  Nash- 
out  50U  inlmbitantii.  It  wiis 
las  been  removed  to  Jeffifntuii 

Marlon,  In  Callaway  county, 
ig  a  population  of  about  100. 
t  of  Cole  county,  and  capital 
ed  on  the  south  bank  of  the 
libernia.  It  contains  a  stale- 
itiful  hill,  called  Capitol  hill, 
tiary,  a  court-house  of  brick, 
ian,  1  Episcopal,  and  1  Catli- 
nufactory,  a  large  number  of 
ilation  of  1,500.  Stages  leave 
vcek  for  Independence,  Lex- 
lie  Railway  will  puss  through 
e  with  St.  Louis,  and  bringing 

with  the  eastern  cities, 
dian  territory,  and  after  a  me- 
I  miles,  empties  into  the  Mis- 
Mty.  It  is  397  yards  wide  at 
niboats  about  200  miles.  The 
xceedinely  fertile,  and   yields 

of  the  West. 

below  Jefferson  City,  in  Cal- 
ostly  built  of  logs,  in  the  real 
)out  300. 


Gasconnde  Ulvcr,  rises  in  Wrirht  county,  Missouri, 
and  taking  its  course  in  a  northerly  dir,.  Hon  for  a  distance  of 
21)0  miles,  empties  into  the  Missouri  ten  miles  below  l-ortland. 
It  is  not  navigable  to  any  extent,  but  affords  a  vast  amount  of 
water  power  to  the  numerous  mill  seals  along  iU  banks. 

Hermun,  county  seat  of  Gasconade  county,  is  situated  fiy» 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  Gasconade  river.  It  is  a  beautifully 
located  town,  and  contains  a  court-house,  several  churches  and  a 
population  of  5U0. 

PInckncy,  twenty-two  miles  below  Herman,  in  Warren 
county,  is  a  small  and  unimportant  village,  containing  about  100 

"'«rls"wold,  opposite  Pinckney,  in  Franklin  county,  isasmall 
villiige,  of  about  the  same  dimensions  as  that  place. 

WasllillKton*  ^'g'*'  "'"'"*  '"''°"'  GriswoUl,  in  the  same 
county,  is  a  fine  little  village,  containing  200  inlmbitanU. 

St.  Charles,  forty-six  miles  below  Washington,  and  twenty- 
two  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri,  is  the  county  seat  ofbt. 
Charles  county,  and  is  one  of  the  most  importuiil  towns  in  the 
Btat".  It  is  handsomely  situated,  and  has  an  excellent  appearance 
from  the  river.  The  country  around,  is  remarkably  fertile,  and 
is  also  very  healthy.  St.  Charles  College  founded  lu  ^'if'}» 
located  at  this  place.  It  has  a  president,  J  professors,  and  120 
students.  St.  Charles  also  contains  a  court-house,  market  house, 
2  I'resbyterian,  2  Methodist,  1  Lutheran,  and  2  Catholic  clinrchcs, 
a  nunnery,  and  a  popnlalion  of  3,000.  The  river  here  is  oyer  a 
mile  wide,  across  which  a  ferry  plies  every  few  minutes,  htages 
leave  daily  for  St.  Louis,  Jefferson  City,  and  intermediate  poiuU; 
and  three  times  a  week  for  Burlington,  Iowa. 


EOUTE  OF  THE  ILLINOIS  RIVER, 

And  Illlnoii  and  Hicliigan  Cansl. 

The  Illinois  River,  is  the  most  important  river  within 
the  state.  It  Is  navigable  us  far  as  Peru,  which  is  connected  to 
Lake  Michigan  by  a  canal.  The  navigation  of  tliis  river  has  been 
rendered  permanent,  witliin  the  last  few  year.,  and  .t  has  already 
been  the  means  of  throwing  a  large  amount  of  trade  »"«»  "»^';  '"  » 
the  state,  that  otherwise  would  have  '"^en  different  channels. 
These  improvements  have  cost  the  state  near  $10,000,UUU. 

Several  regular  lines  of  steam  packets  now  ply  upou  this  river 


168 


ROUTK   OK   THK   ILUNOIB    RIVBB. 


when  th*  ftaB«  of  wator  will  nHmlt  of  l».  'a^  "R  St.  Lou.« 
ev.-rv  ulUTtioo,;  »t  5  o'clock  for  Cl.lc.g...  via  Illn.ois  &  Mich.BH.. 
canixl,  at  F.Tii.  Tliirt  being  ii  very  comfortable  Hiid  pleMBiit 
route,  it  in  iMi.ch  traveled  d..rin(r  the  fieason.  Ancthcr  line  ot 
nuck.^H  leave  St.  Lo..i«  every  Monday,  VVe.lnemlay  and  fruiay 
Bt  5  F  ■  •-,  for  Naides,  in  coniicetioii  witli  i>priin;held,  vis  Mi.r- 
ean  &.  hunitainon  IJailroad,  where  pussenKi'"  arrive  next  day  at 
5  r   M  ,  eettinK  dinner  at  tlio  handsome  town  ol  J.ick-ionvlUe. 

moiltCXUmn,  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  llluio.s, 
twenty-five  miles  from  its  month,  in  Pike  county,  U  a  small  and 
unimportant  village  conluinlng  twenty  or  thirty  houses. 

AllKllHta  is  a  s.nall  village,  situated  fivo  miles  above  Mon- 
te/nmn,  and  is  about  the  same  sisio.  ,      „    .       .         , 

OrikusvlllC  l^HlUiing,  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  in 
Pi"  ccmnly,  five  miles  above  .\ugusta,  is  mere.y  a  depot  for 
rhrpping  and  receiving  goods  destined  for  Griggsville,  three  m.les 

"'GrlgKsviMe'"is  an  enterprising  little  town,  settled   mostly  by 
••  Yankees,"  and  gives  evidence  of  improvement. 

Naples,  ten  miles  above  Augusta,  In  Scott  county,  on  the 
east  tank  of  the  river,  Is  a  pleasant  and  thriving  town.  It  con- 
tains cue  or  two  churches:  3  steam  millH.  several  stores,  and  a 
population  of  500.  The  Morgan  &  Sangamon  Railway  term.n- 
ates  here. 

Sprlaiflcld,  Sangamon  county,  capital  of  the  SUte  of  nilnols,  is 
pleasantly  located  In  the  middle  of  a  teautlful  prairie.  It  Is  regularly  Uid 
out  in  squares  with  wide  streets,  lined  with  shade  trees,  and  has  many  fln. 
private  residences.  The  public  buildings  are  a  handsome  ,Ut*-hou.e,  city 
hall  and  a  bank,  also  numbers  of  churches,  schools,  4c.  A  railroad  IVom 
Alton,  and  the  Sangamon  4  Morgan  road  terminate  here.  It  Is  quite  a  bu^ 
Incss  place,  and  Improving  dally. 

mcredOSla,  eight  miles  above  Naples,  In  Morgan  county, 
lanleMantlv  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Illinois,  on  a  fine 
Llevat^m  It  contains  2  steam  mills,  a  number  of  stores,  and  a 
population  of  300. 

Keard8tO%vn,  sixteen  miles  above  Meredosia,  on  the  east 
bankof  the  river,  in  Cass  county,  is  a  fine  thriving  village,  con- 
uig  2  churches,  2)  stores,  and  about  400  inhabitants. 

Havana,  thirty-three  miles  above  Beardstown,  In  Mason 
coinu  wa"?ormerly  the  county-seat.  It  i.  finely  •""«»•'<•«"• 
?rh  iLndy  ridge,  fifty  feet  above  tho  highest  floods  of  th.  river, 
nnd  contains  a  population  of  about  400. 


ItB    RIVER. 


nOUTK    OK    THE    ILLINOIS    RIVKR. 


169 


of  1»,   Ipavlng  St.  Louis 
^o,  via  Illinois  &  Michigmi 

comfortable  Hiid  pleasitiit 
HfHSOIl.  AiKitlicr  liii«  of 
V,  VVmlnPclay  and  Friiiuy 
Willi  Sprin^tiHld,  vis  Mor- 
tsengwrs  urrivt"  next  day  at 
lie  town  of  Juckfionville. 
west  Imnk  of  the  Illinois, 
Pike  county,  In  a  small  and 
y  or  thirty  houseii. 
aed  fivo  miles  above  Mon- 

hn  west  iido  of  the  river,  in 
lata,  is  merely  a  depot  for 
1  for  Griggsvllle,  three  miles 

e  town,  settled  mostly  by 
nprovement. 

to,  in  Scott  county,  on  tho 

md  thriving  town.    It  con- 

millH,  several  stores,  and  a 

Sangamon  R8ilw»y  termin- 

)lt»l  of  the  State  of  Ullnolii,  is 
Iful  prairie.  It  is  regularly  laid 
I  sbule  trees,  and  has  many  Itn* 
are  a  handsome  stst«-houBe,  city 
ie«,  schools,  4c.  A  railroad  from 
^rmlnatc  here.    It  Is  quite  a  bus- 


I  Naples,  in  Morgan  county, 
Etnk  of  the  Illinois,  on  a  fine 
U,  a  number  of  stores,  and  a 

above  Meredosia,  on  the  east 
8  a  fine  thriving  village,  con- 
bout  400  inhabitants, 
ibove  Beardstown,  in  Mason 
^at.  It  if  finely  situated  on  a 
10  highest  floods  of  the  river, 
400. 


"piilll,  thirty-one  mllos  above  Havana,  In  Tuzowell  county. 
■       «nt  rt,  ur  sl.tnir  town,  conluiuinj,'  an  ucuden.y.  I  M.-tl.odi»t, 
H^  i    ri?r    n         rr  «1.   t''^''"  «''"^        »   nowspuper  j.rinl.ug 
„•  sli^un    t  our  mill,  1  stn.">  «^'W  »M,  moro  timn  'iO  h  ur..s, 

:l!;i  ;;.!..rirf:nSn,  «ud  conuuiHslou  hoa»e.s.  und  a  popubt.ou 

of  1.001).  ,       ,         , 

rcoi-ill.   county   seat    of    Pi-oriu    county,   is    hund«onu.|y 

.  ercrof     .'lown.wl.irh  m)  feet  above   the  general 

Sl.aiiibo:it3  arrive  and  depart  daily 

I'poria  lAtUv,  \»  .m  oxpansioM  of  the  Illinois  river,  com- 
.  .lu..n«..i  of  Frora,  and  extending  in  a  northerly 
Z::Z  "or  a  ^:  e  :l  t!;;:"  '.mlos.  U  has  U  m^.  curre^, 
ami  he  water  is  beautifully  clear  and  transparent,  so  ■""<:1'  !■»; 
1  at  1  "  fTsh,  of  which  there" is  a  great  abundance,  can  be  disf  .c  ly 
seen  swhnmiag  about,  and  performing  their  various  evolutions, 
far  b'nealh  the  surface. 

CMlilliCOtllC,  is  a  small  village,  situated  15  miles  above  Peoria. 

ia  l"  Hune  county,  at  the  head  of  Peoria  Lake.    Population.  100. 

Lacon,  county  seat  of  Marshall  county,  is  situated  thirteen 

mlT^  above  Chlllicotlie,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Illinois.     It  Is  a 

small  village  of  about  200  inhabitants. 

Henry,  i»  a  small  place,  five  miles  above  Lacon,  containing 
less  than  100  InhabilanU. 

Hennepin,  county  seat  of  Putnam  county,  is  situated 
twelve  miles  aboCe  Henry,  in  the  Great  Bend  of  the  Illinois  mer. 
'n,e  location  is  a  beautiful  one.  being  elevated  by  a  g™dual  and 
gentle  ascent,  to  a  hight  of  about  twenty  or  thirty  feet  above 
the  river.  This  town  was  named  in  hono^of  Lou.s  ««»»«?'».» 
Franciscan  friar,  an.l  one  of  the  early  explorers  of  » 'e  North-«^st. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  jail,  Methodist  and  Presbyterian 
churches,  20  stores,  and  about  600  inhabitants. 

Pern,  U  Salle  county,  fifteen  miles  above  Hennepin,  is  a 
small  village,  situated  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  tlio 


170     ROUTE  OF  THK  H-UNOIS  AND  MICltlOAN  TANAt. 

""17''  n,V.u,7^  &  nichlKn..  ra.ml.-Tln«  important 

The  "'»""'*  ^  .7  |'^'^T"l^.■ll^  ,.ml  t>nUlu.a  i..  the  yo.r 

work  wiiH  coiiiMif  iicc.l  111  ""•  >'  ^"^^  '        ',      .   .     ,„,t  wl(  .■  ut  toi., 

^r.rl^lrtr'SuS.I^SSl^'^ol^.f  .?as  work  w.  S6.- 
"Z  SU1.0,  two  .....  ^0.  P-.  ^-,11;--  r  "l^iralS 

fiel.l.  Allon,  ami  Cairo  on  tlie  south. 

IJilca,  four  miles  from  Lu  Salle,  ir.  the  same  county,  ha. 

about  the  8Uine  po,ulut.o«  _^^^^^_^^^^   ^,^^ 

OttOWa,  couiUy  «ea    o    I,a  Su  10  c^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^ 

niilcB  from  Ut.cu,  o»  the  1"''  "''""'  V  „ut^i„  tl.e  your  \SM,  a««l 
«,,e8or  the  ^^^"'''^^lll^'JyZ.lfZn.L.  20  Hlores,  and  a 
":;:;.:;;r  U?  ,;;)ri^ti:X:^  ^aHy  for  .prin«.ield  and  Chicago. 

„lar.einc.,  eight  ■""- f-?S:Slul:;t  mllS^n^ 

-;;^r  o;S=  ~  ^  ?h^ 

iiST^u^hS'^ftms  :Kh:;i  s::..  a  popSutiou  or  m 

ClarRSOn,  i«  a  small  vil.aj:«.  twelve  mlleB  from  M.r«..lle.. 

with  a  populaliou  of  about  iUU 

Dresden,  nine  milcB  from  Morriss,  Bituated  on  the  "llno» 

containing  about  250  inhabitants. 

X«lli.t   county  seat  of  Will  county,  U  situated  fourteen  mJlM 
-from""e!der1^:as,„allvillag^^^ 
few  stores,  and  a  population  of  about  300. 


frc 


a  MtClttOAN  CAKAl. 


KOLTB   OP   THE   ILUNOIB   AND    MICHIOAN    CANAL.    171 


the  llliiioln  mill  Mlc'il(,">ii 
I  300.  Tin-  briiiicli  line  of 
uloim  mill  Dubuque,  piiiMie* 

I  rannl.— This  important 
h:ili,  mid  tiiiUlK'il  111  the  yoiir 
|,.H,  l»  BUty  l>i't  will.-  ut  toil, 
I't  li.i-i).  TlRTiMiri'  17  locks, 
,  bilng  larKo  .•iioiikIi  for  vi-h- 
0  cost  of  tills  work  was  $b,- 

1,  III  lh(^  dutiiP  county,  on  tlio 
ill  honor  of  the  celebrated 
a  a  villugr  heretofore  of  but 
)  the  center  of  a  number  of 
eua  on  the  north,  and  Spring- 
1. 
,lle,  in  the  same  connty,  haf 

Julio  county,  is  gitnnted  nine 
d  MichiKan  canal,  and  ou  both 
laid  out  in  the  your  iSM,  mid 
■al  churches,  20  stores,  and  a 
,ly  for  iSpringiield  and  Cliicago. 

Ottawa,  In  the  same  county,  is 
its  facilities  for  innnufucluring, 
ice.  The  Grand  Rapids  of  the 
immense  water  power.  There 
linds,  and  a  population  of  JOU. 
,,  twelve  miles  from  Mareeilles, 

ndv  county,  situated  four  miles 
J  of  no  particular  Importance, 

Morriss,  situated  on  the  lllinoi» 
junction  of  Kankakee  and  De» 
liuois  proper,  is  a  siuall  vUlnge, 

ouiity,  is  situated  fourteen  mile* 
ige,  containing  a  court-boute, « 
bout  300. 


Lorkport,  six  miles  from  Jollet,  in  (he  sainn  county,  la  a 
tMWii  n(  Hiiucrior  ailviiiitMj.'rM  lor  innmir,icliirliit;  piirpos.'H.  'I'he 
ciiul  h'-rr  \ns  uvo  locks,  riid  the  Di'S  I'laiiiiH  rivrr  has  a  tall  ol 
llil,  III  r.il.  'I'luM'  a.lvaiilii|.'es  will  no  doiilit  niider  the  advanoe- 
•  11,  111  of  Ihis  pliice  rupiil  anil  strady.  Tlio  town  is  siuull.  uiid 
coiiluUn  only  uliuiit  'JOO  inhablUints. 

Dcst  I*lai«t'«.  is  a  smull  villugo  in  Cook  county,  ten  miles 
from  l.ockporl.     roi>ulatlon,  GOO- 

JiiUinuiit,  situated  al  the  "Point  of  Oaks,"  in  Cook  county, 
ten  miles  Irom  Ues  Plaiiies,  U  a  small  place,  containing  twenty  or 
tliirly  houses.     Population,  SO. 

Bl'idKi'PUrt,  is  a  small  villap,  eight  miles  from  Summll, 
in  the  same  county.     Population,  60. 

<'bit*aKO<  Ihe  largest  and  most  Important  commercial  place 
in  lllitiolH,  is  situated  at  the  liortli-eiiNtern  termination  of  the  Illi- 
nois and  Michigan  cuiial,  on  both  sides  of  the  Clilcugo  river,  and 
on  the  borders  of  the  soulliern  shore  of  like  Michigan.  It  was 
settled  about  the  year  IH.'tO,  and  has  increased  witli  a  rapiiljty 
almost  without  a  parallel  in  the  history  of  our  country.  The 
situation  for  trade  is  remarkably  good,  being  ut  the  point  where 
the  great  Mississippi  valley  is  united  to  the  chain  of  lakes  on  our 
northern  frontier,  bringing  the  Kust,  South  and  West  into  direct 
coinmuiiication  with  each  other.  The  first  vessel  that  left  this 
port,  was  a  small  schooner  loaded  with  wheat,  in  le>39  ;  now  the 
arrivals  and  departures  of  various  kinds  of  vessels  number  about 
4,000,  making  an  aggregate  of  50,000  tons  of  shipping.  The 
principal  articles  of  export  are  wheat.  Hour,  beef,  pork,  wool, 
hides,  uud  leather.  The  lumber  business  is  carried  on  iiere  proba- 
bly to  a  greater  extent  than  any  other,  and  the  amount  brought 
into  market  lust  year  probably  reached  70,000,000  feet,  supplying 
the  St.  Louis  market  via  UImioU  &.  Michigan  canal,  &c. 

Chicago  is  situated  on  a  level  plat  of  prairie  land,  rising  sufH- 
cleiitlv  liigh  to  escape  the  highest  floods.  It  is  handsomely  laid 
out,  and  has  an  artificial  harbor,  built  at  considerable  cost,  by  the 
construction  of  piers,  wliich  extend  for  some  distance  out  into 
the  lake,  and  prevent  the  sand  from  accumulating  in  sufficient 
(inantities  to  obstruct  the  entrance  to  the  harbor.  Chicago  is  tht« 
county  seat  of  Cook  county,  and  contains,  besides  the  usual  connty 
bniluiiiga.a  number  of  fine  hotels,  among  which  are  the  Tremont 
House,  Mansion  House,  Lake  House,  Sherman  House,  and  others, 
twiUe  or  fifteen  churches,  many  of  them  hanusome  struclnris, 
works  for  supplying  the  city  with  water,  a  large  ""'"^'"f  °| 
wholesale  and  retail  stores  of  all  kinds,  and  a  population  of  28,000. 
Curs  leave  daily  on  the  Chicago  and  Galena  railroad  ;  steamers 


172 


ROUTE  OF  THE  GREAT  LAKK3. 


and  sail  vessels  arrive  and  depart  daily  for  liufTalo  and  all  inter- 
mediate points  on  the  lakes:  stages  leave  dally  for  St.  Louis,  Ga- 
lena, Mitwaukie,  and  Detroit. 

Like  her  sister  cities  further  south  and  east,  Chicago  is  making 
herself  the  center  of  a  system  of  railway  connections  that  will 
eventually  elevate  her  to  the  rank  of  one  of  the  largest  cities  in 
the  Union.  The  great  Illinois  Central  road,  (branch  track,)  has 
its  northern  terminus  here;  the  Chicago  &  Galena  Union  Rail- 
way, (nearly  completed,)  has  its  western  terminus  here;  the  Ill- 
inois Si,  Wisconsin  road  (in  progress)  has  its  southern  terminus 
here;  the  numerous  Indiana  roads,  connecting  with  the  Ohio 
roads,  enter  here,  via  Michigan  City  &  Chicago  road;  and  each 
of  these  main  roads  have  numerous  tributaries,  all  pouring  their 
vast  amount  of  freight  and  passengers  into  this  city,  can  uot  but 
add  immeasurably  to  her  already  great  prosperity. 


BOUTE  OF  THE  OBEAT  LAKES. 

Lake  Michigan.  —  This  lake  is  the  largest  lake  that  lies 
wliolly  in  the  United  States.  It  is  340  miles  loug,  and  generally 
about  60  miles  broad.  The  waters  are  deep  enough  to  float  the 
largest  class  vessels,  and  abound  with  almost  every  species  of  fresh 
water  fish.  The  line  of  coast  is  generally  quite  uniform  and  but 
little  indented  with  bays  and  inlets.  The  princijial  bays  are  Green 
bay,  and  Great  and  Little  Traveise  have,  situated  in  the  north. 
There  are  a  few  islands  in  the  northern  part,  but  none  in  the 
southern  of  any  consequence. 

]n[ichig:an  City,  is  situated  in  La  Porte  county,  Indiana, 
and  is  the  only  harbor  in  the  state.  It  was  laid  out  in  1831,  and 
it  wall  thought  for  a  long  time  that  it  would  become  a  largj 
commercial  city.  This  would  no  doubt  have  been  the  case,  had  the 
improvement  of  the  harbor  been  completed,  as  was  contemplated. 
The  expense  of  improving  the  harbor  would  be  very  trifling  In 
comparison  to  the  advantage  the  city  wonid  derive  from  it.  Ves- 
sels are  now  compelled  to  load  and  unload  by  means  of  lighten, 
and  this  can  be  done  only  in  pleasant  weather.  As  long  as  this 
state  of  things  lasts,  we  cannot  expect  much  commercial  pros- 
perity. The  advantageous  position  of  this  town,  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
will  ere  long  direct  the  attention  of  the  citizens  to  the  fact,  that 
money  spout  in  public  improvements,  will  always  enhance 
individual  interests.  * 

Michigan  City  is  on  the  line  of  railroads  from  Detroit,  also  tha 
terminus  of  the  Indiana  roads  to  Chicago. 


BAT   LAKES. 


ily  for  liufTalo  and  all  inter- 
eave  daily  for  St.  Louis,  Ga- 

and  east,  Chicago  is  making 
lihvay  connections  ttiat  will 
if  one  of  the  largest  cities  In 
ral  road,  (branch  track,)  has 
cago  &  Galena  Union  Rail- 
stern  terminus  here;  the  III- 
)  has  its  southern  terminus 
,  connecting  with  the  Ohio 
y  &  Chicago  road;  and  each 
tribntaries,  all  pouring  their 
rs  into  this  city,  can  uot  but 
lat  prosperity. 


R£AT  LAKES. 

[e  is  the  largest  lake  that  lies 
140  miles  long,  and  generally 
are  deep  enough  to  float  the 

almost  every  siiecies  of  fresh 
lerally  quite  uniform  and  but 
The  priucijial  bays  are  Green 

bavf,  situated  iu  the  north, 
rtheru  part,  but  none  in  the 

n  La  Forte  county,  Indiana, 
It  was  laid  out  in  1831,  and 
at  it  would  become  a  larffj 
bt  have  been  the  case,  had  the 
npleted,  as  was  contemplated. 
>or  would  be  very  trifling  In 
■  wonid  derive  from  it.  Ves- 
unload  by  means  of  Ivjhten, 
nt  weather.  As  long  as  this 
)ect  much  commercial  pros- 
)f  this  town,  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
the  citizens  to  the  fact,  that 
lents,   will  always    enhance 

lilroads  from  Detroit,  also  tha 
licago. 


ROCTB  OF  THE  GREAT  LAKPS. 


173 


Michigan  City  now  contains  a  bank,  printing  office,  20  stortis, 
and  a  population  of  1000. 

IVcw  BuHillO  is  situated  about  opposite  Chicago,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  in  Berrian  county,  Michigan.  It  is  a  place  of  consid- 
erable iniportance,  and  is  rapidly  growing.  From  its  advantage- 
ous position,  it  will  doubtless  become  quite  a  large  town.  The 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  now  continued  on  to  Chioapro,  form- 
erly terminated  here.  Steamboats  arrive  and  depart  daily  for 
Chicago,  St.  Joseph,  &.C.;  ca;s  leave  daily  for  Detroit  and  inter- 
mediate points. 

§t.  Joseph,  twenty  miles  north  of  New  BuiTalo,  in  the 
same  C0L.nty,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Joseph's  river,  is  tho  most  im- 
portant town  in  the  western  part  of  Michigan.  It  is  contem- 
plated to  bring  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  to  this  point.  The 
town  has  an  excellent  harbor,  much  improved,  some  years  ago, 
by  an  appropriation  from  the  state.  The  trade  is  increasing 
rapidly  every  year,  and  several  steamboats  are  now  owned  here. 

illilWnuKiCt  county-seat  of  Milwaukie  county,  Wiscon- 
sin is  situated  ninety-five  miles  north  of  Chicago,  on  Lake  Michi- 
gan. It  was  first  settled  in  the  year  lill34,  and  has  increased  with 
a  rapidity  truly  astonishing.  It  lies  on  both  sides  of  the  Mil  we  i- 
kie  river,  a  stream  affording  an  abundant  supply  of  water  power 
for  all  kinds  of  manufacturing  purposes.  The  facilities  for  trade 
are  excellent,  and  the  country  around  is  exceedingly  fertile.  In 
1834,  Milwaukie  contained  two  log  huts;  in  1840,  it  contained  a 
population  of  1,800,  ana  now  wilt  number  30,000.  Steamboats 
arrive  and  depart  daily  for  Chicago,  Buffalo,  and  intermediate 
points.  Stages  leave  daily  for  Chicago  and  Galena.  The  Mil- 
waukie &  Mississippi  railroad — some  200  miles  iu  length,  com- 
pleted and  in  operation  to  Whitewater,  50  miles— and  the  Chicago 
iV  Wisconsin  railway  to  Fond  du  Lac,  now  constructintr,  will, 
when  fully  completed,  bring  the  producta  of  the  interior  to  Mil- 
waukie for  shipment,  and  greatly  increase  its  business  facilities. 

Graud  Haven,  conuty-seat  of  Ottawa  county,  Michigan, 
is  situated  opposite  Milwaukie,  on  the  east  side  of  Lake  Michigan, 
ut  the  mouth  of  Grand  river.  It  is  a  pleasant  little  town,  with 
an  excellent  harbor,  though  as  yet  but  little  trade, 

WasIlillg:tOU,  county-seat  of  Washington  county,  Wis- 
consin, is  situated  twenty-five  miles  north  of  Milwaukie. 

Slicboy^^ail,  county-sent  of  Sheboygan  county,  Wiscon- 
sin, is  a  small  village,  twenty-four  miles  north  of  Washington. 

ITIuilitOUWac.  county-scat  of  Manitouwac  county,  Wis- 
consin, is  a  small  village  twenty -six  miles  north  of  Sheboygan. 

Tbe  Straits  of  iHackinaw,  connect  L.>tke  Michigan 
with  Lake  Huron.    The  straits  are  uot  more  than  three  miles 


174 


ROUTK  OP  THE  GREAT  LAKES. 


wide  at  the  narrowest  place,  but  they  are  suffioioutly  deep  to  float 
any  ordiiuiry  craft. 

lUuckiliaw,  situated  on  an  island  of  the  same  name,  in  the 
straits  of  Mackinaw,  is  a  iine  little  village,  celebrated  for  the 
excellent  quulitv  of  fish  canglit  in  the  vicinity.  It  is  the  county 
seal  of  Michiliinuckinaw  county,  Michigan,  and  contains  about 
100  inhabitants,  mostly  lisherincn.  The  name  is  of  Indian  origin, 
and  was  given  to  the  island  from  iU  supposed  resemblance  to  the 
buck  of  a  turtle. 

l4lke  Superior.— This  lake,  the  largest  body  of  fresh 
water  in  the  world,  is  400  miles  long,  and  averages  about  130 
wide,  and  covering  an  area  of  3i2,O0O,  square  miles,  being  only 
3,800  square  miles  less  than  the  whole  of  Indiana.  Its  absolute 
elevation  is  672  feet,  and  its  bed  is  300  feet  below  the  surface  of 
the  Atlantic,  making  a  mean  depth  of  about  900  feet.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  rock  bound  coast,  and  contains  a  number  of 
islands,  many  of  them  being  of  considerable  magnitude.  The 
waters  are  clear  and  transparent,  and  abound  with  tisli  of  various 
kinds,  among  which  the  trout  and  white  fish  are  the  most  impor- 
tant ;  these  weigh  from  12  to  50  pounds.  The  navigation  of  this 
lake  has  not  yet  been  carried  on  to  any  extent,  in  consequence 
of  the  rapids  at  St.  Mary's  straits,  or  river  rather,  which  connects 
Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Huron.  There  is,  however,  a  canal  in 
contemplation  around  the  falls,  which  will  obviate  the  difficulties 
of  navigation.  There  are  no  important  towns  on  this  lake  ;  but 
the  navigation  being  once  opened,  we  may  look  for  vast  improve- 
ments. Portions  of  the  southern  coast  of  Lake  Superior  abound 
In  extensive  beds  of  copper.  Tliese  mines  are  very  rich,  and  will 
prove  a  source  of  inexhaustible  wealth  to  those  that  work  them. 
'There  are  many  line  harbors  on  the  coast,  and  the  soil  and  timber 
is  generally  of  an  excellent  quality.  This  lake  receives  the  waters 
of  more  than  thirty  rivers.  In  this  vicinity,  there  are  numerous 
beautiful  and  glassy  lakes,  which  abound  in  multitudes  of  excel- 
lent fish. 

Saint  Mary's  Strait,  forms  the  outlet  of  Lake  Superior, 
end  connects  it  with  Lake  Huron.  It  is  10  miles  long,  and  con- 
tains four  large  islands,  and  a  number  of  small  ones.  The  largest 
of  these  are  St.  Joseph,  Sugar,  Sailor's  Encampment,  and  Lime 
Kiln  islands.  The  navigation  of  this  strait  is  exceedingly  difficnit 
and  dangerous  ;  the  clianuel  is  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
wide,  and  the  current  one  and  a  half  miles  nn  hour.  The  rapids 
are  nearly  a  mile  in  length,  and  have  a  fiiii  of  23  feet.  The  entire 
fall  of  the  river  from  Lake  Superior  to  Lake  Huron,  is  44  fo«t 
8  inches. 


r   LAKES. 


B  suffioicutly  deep  to  float 

of  the  same  name,  in  the 
illagf,  celebrated  for  the 
iciuity.  It  is  the  county 
iguii,  and  contains  about 

name  is  of  Indian  origin, 
iponed  rciiemblance  to  the 

lie  largest  body  of  fresh 
,  and  averages  about  130 
square  miles,  being  only 
of  Indiana.  Its  absolute 
feet  below  the  surface  of 
if  about  900  feet.  It  is 
nd  contains  a  number  of 
durable  magnitude.  The 
jouiid  with  tish  of  various 
e  fish  are  the  most  impor- 
3.  The  navigation  of  this 
ny  extent,  in  consequence 
veT  rather,  which  connects 
•e  is,  however,  a  canal  in 
will  obviate  the  diBiculties 
it  towns  on  this  lake  ;  but 
i:iy  look  for  vast  Improve- 
,  of  Lake  Superior  abound 
nes  are  very  rich,  and  will 
,  to  those  that  work  them. 
ist,  and  the  soil  and  timber 
lis  hike  receives  the  waters 
■iuily.  there  are  numerous 
ud  in  multitudes  of  excel- 

10  outlet  of  Lake  Superior, 
is  10  miles  long,  and  con- 
of  small  ones.  The  largest 
s  Encampment,  and  Lime 
triiit  is  exceedingly  difficult 
t  tlireo-fourths  of  a  mile 
:nilfs  iin  hour.  The  rapids 
1  fid  i  of  23  feet.  Tiie  entire 
tu  Lak«  Huron,  ii  44  i«et 


ROUTE  OF  THE  GREAT  LAKES. 


175 


Sault  de  St>  Marie,  county  scat  of  Chlpperray  county, 
Michigan,  is  situ:iti>d  on  the  site  of  an  old  French  fort,  at  the  foot 
of  the  rapids  in  St.  Mary's  strait.  Vessels  come  to  the  foot  of 
the  rapids  and  di.'icharge  their  cargo,  and  then  it  in  transported  by 
means  of  wagons  above  the  falls,  and  ro-shlpped.  The  winters  at 
lliis  place  are  excessively  cold,  and  the  thermometer  often  falls  to 
I;^.'iur30°  below  zero.  I'he  town  contalus  a  court-house,  jail, 
several  churches.  Baptist,  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  6u;.,  2  mls- 
Biouary  schools  for  Indian  children,  several  stores,  a  trading  housA 
of  the  American  Fur  Company,  aud  a  population  of  about  1,000. 
The  population  however,  is  very  fluctuating,  sometimes  being 
considerably  more  than  1,000,  and  sometimes  less.  Stages  leave 
during  the  summer,  once  n  week  for  Detroit ;  and  iu  the  winter, 
-ince  u  month. 

lAke  Huron.  —  This  lake  is  £90  miles  long,  and  from  90 
to  180  miles  broad.  Its  altitude  is  30  feet  lower  than  that  of  Lake 
Superior,  and  the  mean  depth  is  about  800  feet.  It  receives  the 
waters  of  Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Superior,  through  the  straits 
of  Mackinaw  and  St.  Marys,  and  discharges  its  waters  into  Lake 
Frie,  through  an  outlet  called  the  St.  Clair  river,  which,  after  a 
ciiurse  of  40  miles,  expands  into  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  24  miles 
in  leuglh,  and  30  in  breadth,  and  again  contracts,  and  enters  Luke 
Erie,  under  the  name  of  the  Detroit  river.  Tills  lake  has  many 
fme  harbors,  and  some  large  bays ;  Georgian  bay  iu  the  north, 
Saginaw  bay  in  the  south-west,  and  Thunder  bay  on  the  west 
coast,  are  the  principal.  There  are  some  large  islands  also  ;  Great 
Manitoulin,  the  largest,  being  80  miles  long.  Thunder  bay  is  said 
to  be  the  focus  of  some  peculiar  electrical  phenomenon,  v.'hich 
produces  constant  concussions,  similar  in  sound  to  thunder.  The 
waters  of  this  lake,  like  all  the  others,  are  clear  and  transparent, 
abounding  in  fish.  There  are  but  few  towns  on  the  coast,  and 
they  are  mostly  of  little  commercial  importance,  being  mere 
trading  posts.  The  principal  rivers  which  empty  into  the  lake, 
are  the  Saginaw  and  Sable. 

SU  Clair  River,  connects  Lake  Huron -with  Lake  St 
Clair,  and  discharges  the  waters  of  the  three  great  upper  lakes, 
Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron.  It  flows  in  a  southerly  direction 
for  tlie  distance  of  40  miles,  und  enters  Lake  St.  Clair  by  six 
channels,  only  one  of  which  is  navigat  d  by  vessels  ascending  or 
descending  the  river.  Its  principal  t.-butaries  are  the  Black, 
Pine  and  Belle  rivers.  The  scenery  aloig  the  banks  is  very  flue, 
and  flourishing  little  villages  are  springing  up  on  all  sides. 

St>  Clair,  couniy  seat  of  St.  Clair  county,  Michigan,  h 
situated  at  the  south  side  of  the  mouth  of  Fine 'river,  about  IS 
13 


176 


ROUTE  OB'  THE  GREAT  LAKES. 


a  populalioii  of  COO.  c     r-i  • 

""nrtlJoll  Btvcr,  whioh  .into  L.k.  St  Cl.lr  .1*  Uk. 
channel,  however,  is  *'»'  '''^  "^iXnjg'are  Grusse  and  Fight- 

on  both  sides  of  tlie  river. 

nptl'Oit,  scat  of  justice  for  Wayne  county,  Michigan,  and 


broad, 
upper 
traiisB 
■whici 
roail, 
Tiie  c 
terian 
2  Cat 
maga; 
of  pi 
other 
Th 
increi 
place 
ties  f( 
20  cc 
gtorei 
neriei 
office 
and  i 
point 
Tole< 
Lyoi 


,T    LAKES. 

It  ccruplcs  the  site  of  fort 
\  Ar;'iiur  St.  Clair,  a  man 

0  mark,  us  one  that  should 
}iituiiis  u  courl-house,  j»il, 
)ls,  a  number  of  stores,  aud 

xpansion  cf  St.  Clair  river, 
it  20  feet  deep.  Its  banks 
ency  feet  ab)ve  the  surface 
Bties  into  it  from  Miohigaa 
le  smaller  ones  from  Canada 

Lake  St.  Clair  with  Lake 

1  from  three- fourths  to  one 
enough  to  float  the  largest 
rhat  intricate,  owing  to  the 
tern  channel.  The  eastern 
ructed,  and  is  consequently 
islands  are  Grasse  and  Fight- 
Ihe  river.  The  banks  of  this 
what  is  termed  the  Court  on 

back  of  the  river  being  low 
but  a  sliort  distance,  and  the 
)  of  villages  for  many  miles 

jyno  county,  Michigan,  and 
lated  on  Detroit  river,  eight 
Clair,  and  twenty  above  its 
rst  settlement  made  here,  was 
Ja,  about  tho  year  16ti3.    It 
nuch  importance,  until  about 
sho  .V  unmistakable  signs  of 
was  770;  in  1820,1,452;  in 
850,  20,000.     The  city  has  a 
u  plain  elevated  about  30  feet 
soiD.'lv  laid  out,  extending  one 
mi  about  a  mile  back.     There 
ch  i:i\d  to  the  looks  of  the  city 
invm  Martius,  is  of  considera- 
out.     This  city  was  formerly 
le.-linuse,  now  used  for  a  court- 
le  Ionic  order  of  architecture, 
■out,  and  pilasters  on  the  sides. 
Iding,  100  feet  long  by  50  feet 


ROUTE  or  THE  GREAT  LAKES. 


177 


broad.  The  lower  story  Is  occupied  as  a  market-house,  and  in  tho 
upper  story  there  is  a  spacious  hall,  wheri  tho  city  business  is 
transacted  There  arc  several  fine  hotels  In  this  city,  among 
which  the  Mansion  House,  National,  Mlchi^^an  Exchange,  Rail- 
road, Commercial,  Steamboat,  and  Temperance,  rank  as  principal. 
The  city  also  coi.iains  \.\  cluirclios,  vi/,  :  ^^  .Metboilist,  2  Presby- 
terian, 2  Baptist,  I  Episcopal,  1  German  Lutheran,  2  African,  and 
a  Catholic,  4  ba'  us,  4  markets,  a  theater,  museum,  goverument 
magazine,  pe-='  ^nliarv,  mechanics'  hall,  15  public,  and  a  number 
of  private  scl  -ols,  the  Ladies'  Free-school  Society,  and  various 
other  benevolon  ,  and  charitable  institutions  and  societies. 

The  comir.rce  of  Detroit  is  very  extensive,  and  is  rapidly 
increasing.  The  .Michigan  Central  railroad,  extending  from  this 
place  to  New  ButTalo  and  Chicago,  will  add  greatly  to  the  facili- 
ties for  trade,  already  possessed  so  largely  by  this  city.  There  are 
20  commission  an<l  forwarding  houses,  180  wholesale  and  retail 
stores  of  various  kinds,  6  lumber  yards,  several  founderies,  tan- 
neries, and  potteries,  and  about  half  a  dozen  newspaper  printing 
offices.  Steamboats  arrive  and  depart  dally  for  ButTalo,  Chicago, 
and  intermediate  points.  Cars  leave  daily  for  all  the  principal 
points  on  the  Michigan  Central  railroad  ;  stages  leave  daily  for 
Toledo,  Ohio  ;  and  three  times  a  week  for  Port  Huron,  Howell, 
Lyons  and  Grand  Rapids. 

Note. 
We  cannot  refrain  from  noticing  in  this  connection,  one  of  the  most  disss, 
trous  events  that  took  place  durini?  tho  war  of  1812.  —  We  refer  to  tho  surren- 
der of  General  Hull.  On  the  6th  of  .Tuly,  1812,  General  Hull  arrived  at 
Detroit,  with  a  force  of  two  thousand  five  hundruit  men,  to  open  the  campaign 
on  tho  frontier  of  Upper  Canada.  Having  arrived  at  Detroit,  he  proceeded 
to  cross  the  river,  and  take  possession  of  the  town  of  Sandwich.  He  then 
issued  his  proclamation,  invitini»  the  colonists  to  join  him,  or  re nain  neutral. 
Hull's  force  became  much  weakened  by  sickness  and  other  causes,  and  hearing 
that  a  detachment  of  the  enemy  under  General  Brock,  were  marching  against 
him,  he  thou.'jht  It  prudent  to  retreat  to  Detroit.  The  Americans  were  now 
reduced  to  night  hundred  effective  men.  General  Brock,  whose  command 
numbered  about  fourteen  hundred,  consisting  of  regulars,  militia,  and 
Indians,  crossed  the  river,  and  prepared  for  an  immediate  attack;  but  Hull, 
instead  of  bravely  dcfenUing  the  town  as  he  might  have  done,  biwely  signed 
a  capitulation,  by  whicH  the  whole  American  force  were  surrendered  prisoners 
of  war.  Loud  complaints  were  made  by  the  American  public,  against  the 
conduct  of  Hull,  who  was  aft«rwards  tried  and  condemned  to  be  shot;  but 
was  Kubsequentiy  pardoned  on  account  of  his  ago  and  former  services.  Hull 
had  on  previous  occasions  shown  himself  to  be  a  good  soldier,  but  his  course 
<n  this  affair  must  ever  remain  among  the  iisscrutables  of  human  oonduot. 


178 


ROUTE  or  THE  GREAT  LAKE9. 


L.akO  Erie.-  Lake  Erie,  thn  fouitli  in  order  of  tl>e  great 
chuiu  of  lak.s,  is  sit..ale<l  north  of  New  York,  IV-nnsjIvan i.,  and 
Ohio,  .ind  forms  11  part  of  the  boundary  line  between  the  Un.t.d 
States  una  Cuaudu.     It  is  "JoO  uiil.s  long,  and  generally  about  50 

^'lU  altitude  is  thirty-two  feet  lower  thnn  Lake  Huron,  and  its 
ereatest  depth  ^70  feet.  Near  the  Miore,  however,  U  is  quite 
Bimllow.  and  is  often  frozen  in  the  excessively  cold  winters,  which 
arc  cot.  mon  to  this  region.  According  to  sevcru  '  "'"g-^h  d 
American  engineers.  Lake  Erie  rose  several  feet  between  th. 
vears  JS25  and  1838;  and  this  increase  ol  niagnitude,  seems  to  be 
eeneral  in  the  American  lakes,  while  those  of  the  eastern  heml- 
fphere  appear  to  be  decreasing.  Lake  Erie  has  a  number  of  good 
harbors,  and  some  islands;  though  not  generally  very  large.  Ihe 
largest  island  lies  among  a  group  of  smaller  ones,  n,  the  south-west 
corner,  and  is  called  Cunningham's  island.  There  is  more  busi- 
ness done  on  this  lake,  than  either  of  the  others,  and  on  the  .hores 
are  numerous  towns  and  villages,  besides  several  cities  of  groat 

commercial  importance.  ,       ,_,  .     ,  r  .»,.  !...»  »>nr 

One  of  the  most  brilliant  naval  achievements  of  the  last  war, 
took  place  on  Lake  Erie.    The  American  Heet,  consisting  of  mno 
small'^vessels,  carrying  in  all  lifty-four  guns  ''»d  been  built  and 
equipped  entirelv  through   the  exertions  of  Commodore  Ferry, 
during  the  summer  of  1813.     The  British  fleet  consisted  of  fcix 
vessels,  carrying   sixty-three   guns,   giving   the   Americans  the 
Idva.     go    nthf  number  of  ve.^els.a.id  the  British  the  advantage 
?„  the    izc  and  number  of  guns.    The  British  fleet  was  command- 
ed bv  Admiral  Barclay,  a  veteran  officer  who  had  served  under 
Nelson  at  Trafalgar,  while  Perry,  the  commander  of  the  Amemau 
fleet,  had  never  teen  a  naval  engagement  in  his  hfe.     The  battle 
Vook  Dlace  on  the  lOlh  of  September,  1813,  and  resui  ed  In  the 
total  triur^ph  of  the  Americans.    Li  the  heat  of  the  battle   the  flag 
ship  becoming  disabled.  Commodore  Perry  left  her  '»  ch«g«  "J 
his  lieutenai.r,  and   proceeded  to  go  on  board   one  of  the  other 
vessels  of  his  little  fleet.     This  he  accomplished  in  ""  0P«". 'i°"f' 
passing  the  whole  line  of  the  enemy,  and  «''1"'«'^'^ .  °  ^''^  ^'^  "^ 
their  musketry.     During  the  whole  time  of  pass  ng  from  one 
Ssel  to  the  ofher.  he  st^od  up  in  the  stern  of  t»e  boat   and  Je  J 
aloft  the  tlag  of  his  country,  on  which  were  inscnlK;d  the  dying 
words  of   the   immoilal  Lawrence,  "  Don't  give   up  the  ship. ' 
That  a  magnificent  spectacle,  and  what  a  feeling  o.   l>o"e«t  Prid 
must  clow  in  the  breast  of  the  Ainenoan,  when  he  fee  s  that  this 
was  one  of  the  noble  defenders  of  his  country;  and  at  the  same 
time,  whUe  contemplating  iWs  sceue,  what  feeling  of  contempt  is 


at( 


El 
er 
K: 
is 
al 
V 
di 
tt 


ROtTTE   OF   THE   GREAT   LAKES. 


179 


ovirlli  in  order  of  the  great 
nv  York,  I'enns)  Ivaiiii,  and 
iry  line  between  tlie  Uiiiti-d 
oiig,  uiid  generally  about  50 

jr  than  Lake  Huron,  and  its 
shore,  however,  it  is  quite 
cessivcly  cold  winters,  wliich 
ling  to  several  distinguished 
w  several  feet  between  tli* 
se  of  iimgnitude,  seems  to  ba 
1  those  of  the  eastern  heml- 
c  Erie  has  a  number  of  good 
)l  generally  very  large.  The 
nailer  ones,  in  the  south-west 
island.  There  is  more  busi- 
r  the  others,  and  on  the  shores 
esides  several  cities  of  groat 

chievements  of  the  last  war, 
rican  Heet,  consisting  of  nins 
)ur  guns,  had  been  built  and 
rtions  of  Cotniiiodore  Perry, 
British  fleet  consisted  of  six 
,   giving   the   Americans  the 
and  the  British  the  advantage 
le  British  fleet  was  command- 
oflicer  who  had  served  under 
0  commander  of  the  America! 
i.ment  in  his  life.     The  battle 
)cr,  leiti,  and  resulted  In  the 
the  heat  of  the  battle,  the  flag 
e  Perry  left  her  in  charge  of 
;o  on  board  one  of  the  other 
iccomplished  in  an  open  boat, 
iy,  and  exposed  to  the  fire  of 
)le  time  of  passing  from  one 
Ihe  stern  of  the  boat,  and  held 
liich  were  inscrilwd  the  dying 
I,  "  Don't  give  up  the  ship." 
what  a  feeling  of  honest  pride 
lerioan,  when  he  feels  that  this 
his  country;  and  at  the  same 
ne,  what  feeling  uf  contempt  is 


eniienderpd  toward  those  who  would  sever  the  bonds  of  our  glo- 
rious coiifeileracy.  , 

The  loss  of  the  .Americans  in  this  engageinent,  was  one  hun- 
dred and  twei.ly-thre,-,  in  killed  anu  wounded.  Among  the 
wounded  on  the  British  side  was  Admiral  Barclay.  Their  entire 
loi!3  could  not  be  ascertained. 

lUonrOC,  county-seat  of  Monroe  county,  Michigan,  is  situ- 
ated near  Ihe  moulh'of  the  river  Raisin,  and  coulai.is  a  splendid 
conrl-house,  I  Baptist,  2  Methodist,  1  Ej.iscopal,  2  Presbyterian, 
and  2  Catholic  churches,  several  mills,  factori(M,  and  founderies, 
2  printing  offices  issuing  papers,  about  .'tO  stores,  and  a  popula- 
tion of  2(100.  There  is  als  .  a  branch  of  the  University  of  .Mich- 
iean.  2  academies,  a  reading-room,  and  a  library  of  1,500  volumes, 
there  is  a  ship  canal,  two  and  a  half  miles  long,  from  this  place 
to  the  lake,  by  which  steamboats  and  other  vess-ls  are  enabled  to 
come  to  the  city.  Steamers  arrive  and  depart  daily  for  all  points 
on  the  lake.  Stages  leave  daily  for  Detroit,  and  1  oleilo,  Ohio. 
The  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  has  its  eastern  terminus  here; 
the  chain  of  Lake-shore  roads  from  Buffalo,  via  Cleveland,  To- 
ledo, &.C.,  will  eventually  terminate  here  also,  thus  forming  a  lino 
of  uninterrupted  communication  all  the  year  through. 

Toledo  is  fituatod  on  the  Maumce  river,  near  Its  entrance  into  lake 
Erie,  iu  LuoM  county,  Ohio.  It  Is  a  thriving  buRinens  plftw,  being  the  north- 
ern outlet  of  a  portion  of  Ohio  and  Indiana,  by  means  of  the  Wabaih  and 
Erie  .anal,  which  tcrnanatcs  here.  The  harbor  of  Toledo  is  excellent,  and 
is  accessible  to  large  class  steamers,  and  smull  sail  vessels.  The  city  extends 
along  the  river  for  the  distance  of  a  mile,  and  is  divided  in  two  parts,  termed 
Upper  and  Lower  Toledo.  It  occupies  the  site  of  a  stockade  fort  called  In- 
dustry,  built  in  1800.  It  was  iu.oriorated  as  a  city  in  \m,  and  now  con- 
tiiins  six  or  eight  churches,  alwut  70  stores  of  various  kinds,  2  banks,  several 
manafacturlng  establishments,  and  a  population  cf  -iOOO.  There  is  a  railroad 
extLMiding  from  this  place  to  Chicago,  and  connecting  at  Adrian  with  the  one 
from  Monroe.  A  road  connecting  Tole.lo  with  Sandusky  City  is  nearly  com- 
pleted, thus  bringing  It  in  direct  connection  with  Cincinnati.  The  Toledo, 
Norwalk  4  Cleveland  Railway  has  its  western  U-rminus  here.  The  Dayton 
4  Michigan  road  will  also  pass  through  here.  Regular  lines  of  steam  paok- 
«U  leave  daily  for  Buffalo,  Detroit,  and  other  points.  Canal  boaU  arrive  and 
dcr»rt  daily  for  Uf:.yctt«,  Indiana,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  all  intermediate 
points.    Stages  leave  for  Detroit  daily. 

Port  Clinton,  county-seat  of  Ottawa  county.  Ohio,  l» 
situated  on  a  beautiful  little  bay  putting  in  from  Lake  Erie,  and 
contains  a  populaliou  of  about  400.     It  has  a  good  harbor,  and 


J 


180 


ROrTK  OF  THE  OKEAT  LAKK8. 


will  no  (lonbt  in  tho  co\irse  of  time,  become  a  pluCB  of  Rommer- 
ci;il  iiiiporUincr.  It  \mis  ncirly  o|)|iosit«  lliis  place,  a  few  milea 
out  on  tliK  lake,  tliat  Terry's  victory  wus  gained. 

Lower  iKniiduiihr,  o'  Frenionl,  counlyKcut  nf  SRuiiudky  coun- 
ty, Ohio.  IS  siluiitiil  (in  till'  Siiiiilu!-ky  livir,  at  the  Ih'bJ  uf  uayigiition.  It  ia 
«' thriving  liUKiiii'm  pliue,  adiI  loiitnin."  n  coiirthnnx),  fi  oliurchcii,  2  newnpa- 
por  nffloos,  ;;0  ptorcs,  1  wooloii  fii.  tiiry,  1  fnuii.lry,  niid  a  populHtinn  of  2,600. 
It  is  on  the  lino  of  tUi-  l.ake-phore  roii.ln.  The  Toledo,  Norwalk  i  ClcTolaiid 
milroud  rii.«»i»|?  throui.;h  this  plaie,  will  mid  uiuc  h  to  its  bnaineus  fiifilitli-s. 

Lower  finiidiifky  occupies  tho  »it«  of  Foit  Stephenson,  ereeU'd  durini;  the 
Inst  war  with  Orciit  Ilritain.  This  fort,  under  Major  CroKhnn.whoi-o  garrikon 
amounted  to  only  two  hundred  men,  with  only  one  Kixpoundcr,  was  attaiked 
on  the  Ist  of  August,  1813,  by  General  I'roclor,  with  a  force  of  600  regular 
troops,  800  Indians,  and  several  pieces  of  artillery.  Major  Cronhan's  orders 
were,  to  hum  the  stores  and  abandon  the  fort,  should  the  enemy  approach 
In  force,  with  cannon.  Major  Croghnn  had  no  idea  of  olieying  thi-so  instruc- 
tions, and  accordingly  on  the  approach  of  tho  foe  prepared  himself  for  a  stern 
resistance.  The  summons  to  surrender  by  the  British  commander  was  disre- 
garded, and  the  attack  was  commenced  by  a  heavy  tiro  from  their  artillery; 
which  however  had  but  littlo  effect  on  the  walls,  so  well  hail  Major  Croghan 
prepared  for  his  defense.  The  firing  continued  for  several  hours,  when  the 
enemy  thinking  they  had  effected  a  breach,  attempted  to  take  the  fort  by 
Btorm.  This  attempt  was  so  gallantly  mot  by  the  garrison,  that  the  enemy 
were  repulsed  with  immense  slaughter;  which  so  discomfited  General  Proctor, 
that  ho  immediately  ordered  a  retreat,  leaving  the  victory  in  the  hands  of  a 
beardless  youth,  only  twenty-one  years  of  age.  This  clrcumstinoe  to  avetcrau 
General,  commanding  a  force  mo'e  than  six  times  as  largo  as  his  opponent, 
must  have  been  humiliating  in  the  extreme.  Tho  giUlant  Croghan,  although 
ho  disobeyed  orders,  was  promoted  to  tho  rank  of  Lieutenant  Colonel,  and 
was  presented  with  an  elegant  sword  by  tho  ladies  of  ChilUcothe. 

Sandusky  City,  county  seat  of  Erie  county,  Ohio,  is 
situated  on  Sandusky  Buy,  near  its  outlet  into  Lake  Erie.  It  is 
finely  located,  commanding  an  exteT.sive  and  beautiful  view  of  tha 
lake.  It  was  laid  out  in  the  year  1817,  under  the  name  of  Fort- 
land,  which  name  was  subseqnflntly  changed  for  the  one  it  now 
bears.  The  business  of  this  city  is  very  extensive,  and  is  rapidly 
Increasing.  Besides  the  immense  amount  of  lake  commerce 
which  her  advantageous  position  and  excellent  harbor  afford, 
there  are  two  lines  of  railroads,  connecting  with  Cincinnati,  and 
many  of  the  most  important  places  in  Ohio.  Sandusky  suffered 
gaverely  during  the  summer  of  1849,  from  the  terrific  dlieaM  of 


ch< 
tor 

liii 
cil 

CO 

ai 
111 
111 
C 
fo 
C 
ti 
If 
V 

a 
a 


KT    LAKK8. 

(■come  a  plucB  of  commer- 
Mt:  III  is  place,  a  few  milei 
ri\H  guined. 

( ounlyKont  nf  Saiidudky  coun- 
it  the  lii'»U  uf  uiiylgiition.  It  la 
rthmisi),  fi  oliiiichi'ii,  2  neWBpa- 
iilry,  ftiid  a  populatinn  of  2,600. 
he  Toledo,  Norwiilk  4  CleT«laiid 
inu(  h  to  its  liualneus  fiioilitips. 
fiti'phi'nson,  rm'ti'd  diirini,'  the 
r  Major  Croghiin,whu»o  garrikon 
ly  oue  f*ix-poundcr,  was  attockiHl 
jnr,  with  iv  force  of  SOO  n-gular 
:lllery.  Major  Crot;han's  orderi 
jrt,  Bhould  the  eiuniy  approach 
lo  idea  of  oheyinp  thi'Se  instruc- 
I  foe  prepnreil  himself  for  a  stern 
in  Ilritijth  commander  waa  dlsre- 
heavy  flro  from  their  artillery; 
nils,  so  well  had  Major  Croghan 
ued  for  several  hours,  when  the 
,  attempted  to  take  the  fort  by 
hy  tlie  garrison,  that  the  enemy 
li  so  discomfited  General  Proctor, 
ig  the  victory  in  the  hands  of  a 
'.  This  circuiiistinoe  to  a  veteran 
times  Oil  largo  as  his  opponent, 
The  gallant  Croghan,  although 
rank  of  Lieut<!nant  Colonitl,  and 
ladies  of  Chillicotbe. 

;  of  Erie  county,  Ohio,  is 
utiet  into  Lal<e  Erie.  It  is 
ive  and  beautiful  view  of  the 
17,  under  the  name  of  Port- 
chunged  for  the  one  it  now 
;ry  extensive,  and  is  rapidly 
imount  of  lake  commerce 
iid  excellent  harbor  afford, 
ecting  with  Cincinnati,  and 
n  Ohio.  Sandusky  suffered 
from  the  terrific  diieaM  of 


i 


ROUTE   OF   TlIK    OKKAT    LAKK8. 


181 


„.o..«.     Hundreds  of  h.r  citizens  were  consigned  to  the  siieut 

ton.1.  in  the  Hp»<-"  "f  "  ^''^."'''■^"i.auslihle  stratum  of  the  finest 

<,,.ulusUy  is  Imill  01  ai    " "^  «"'      i,„i,.ii„g  purposen  in  the 

,i„„.„o.....  which  i^.""    ""'>";;  j  '%.  e      i  y    .-w    coutuins   a 

,i,,,   ,n,t   i.  ,;™v;-  >'  ;Sopal.  1  Congr^rational.,  1  (M-rn.an 

Lutheran,  and  1  t^"l'';'''\  ''",;;  Vw  .ks, 'J  p.UtliMK  offices,  and 
,.clories,  a  1»>-(I'' •'"'"':7„     "'   ;ii,;vloi uily  of  this  .Hy,  H'-^^re  are 

,„r.,.y  n....»ius  01    "''V:\"\.r'Sat^a  other  point.,  on  thelake. 
lines  of  lake  stcanierH  n,„  to  I  utla  0  an  v         f,ulu,ud,  and 

Cars  leave  daily  lor  t-^'''^'^"^'  °  '     "'  ^i    New .  k  &,  Sandusky 
for  Ma,.s[ieia,  ^-V-";;,;;;;',? r:      e  'r  ;.'  a«  f"r  as  Shelby  June- 

„„d  at  the  n-outh  of  the  Cuyahoga  rvr.ll  ejoc  ^^  ^^^^ 

city  is  most  beautiful,  he.np  on  an  f'^^"'7  P'"',„ke.     The  first 

hi^ht  of  one  hundred  f-'V^^Vrrci  wa«    «  "t^^^  V"'  ^ '»«' 
pennaucnt  settlement  made  at  th  a  P  »<=«  ^^        j^ij  J^^  i,y  the 

unple^ant  In  the  extreme  J^l  «  •''''"^^  ™  o„o  of  the  set- 
agie,were  tXi^'^^ri^wtwaJfo  tLra^'enough  to  have 
tiers  was  afflicted;  anil  '«""?  "p^.-u^blv  luckv  individual. 

anticipations  fully  realized.     Ihe  »''^^8ets,  lew  m 


a-.>i^ii»jAi*'' 


182 


ROUTE  OF  THE  OKXAT  LAKES 


?■ 


lol  witli  the  lake  shore,  is  laid  with  plank  instead  of  being  puv.^j 
Willi  stone,  hh  is  usually  the  case  in  large  towns,  nnd  is  the  prin- 
cipal l>usineHs  strfct  of  the  city.  In  tlie  center  of  the  city  t)i> ni 
is  a  fine  pulilic  square  of  ten  acres,  diviiled  into  four  purls  by  in- 
tersectinp  stnets.  The  court-house,  county  oftices,  and  several 
handsome  chiirclics  front  on  this  square. 

The  business  of  Cleveland  is  very  extensive,  and  it  ranks  us 
tlie  second  commercial  city  in  Ohio.  Its  natural  advantnees  for 
commerce  are  not  surpassed  by  anv  other  place  in  the  West 
Uesides  having  the  best  harbor  on  LaWe.  Erie,  it  is  connected  wiili 
the  Ohio  river  l)y  means  of  the  Ohio  canal,  and  with  the  Interior 
of  Pennsylvania  by  tlie  Erie  canal,  and  with  the  interior  of  Ohio, 
by  the  Cleveland  &  Columbus,  and  Cleveland  &  VVellsville  rail- 
roads; also,  with  Chicago,  and  other  western  cities,  by  tlie  Toledo, 
Norwalk  &-  Cleveland  road,  and  witli  Dunkirk  and  liuffalo,  N-w 
York,  by  the  Cleveland  &.  Erie  road,  thus  making  it  a  principal 
lint  upon  the  great  northern  route  from  the  East  to  the  West. 
-  lie  value  of  exports  uud  imports  is  estimated  at  about  f  15,000,- 
OOO,  and  the  number  of  vessels  of  all  kinds  owned  here  Is  mor>» 
than  100. 

The  public  buildings  are  generally  handsome  structures,  and 
Bome  display  a  considerable  degree  of  architectural  beauty:  among 
tliesB  are  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  the  Cleveland  Medical  Col- 
lege, the  hotels,  Masonic  and  Odd-fellows  hulls,  both  of  which 
orders  are  very  flourishing  here,  churches,  &c.  The  churchm 
are  26  in  number,  viz.:  3  Episcopal,  3  Methodist,  2  Baptist,  3 
Presbyterian,  1  Bethel,  1  Wesleyan  Methodist,  1  German  Evan- 
gelical Protestant,  1  Associate  Reformed,  1  German  Mission  So- 
ciety of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  1  Evangelical  Associ- 
Btion  of  North  America,  1  German  Evangelical  Lutheran,  1  Se- 
ceders,  2  Universalist,  1  Disciples,  1  Jewish,  2  Second  Advent, 
and  2  Catholic.  The  hotels  are  generally  well  conducted,  with 
every  arrangement  for  tlie  convenience  and  comfort  of  the  trav- 
eling com-  iunity.  The  population  of  Cleveland  shows  a  remark- 
ublv  rapid  growth.  In  tlie  year  1796,  the  population  was  3;  iti 
1800,  20;  iu  1825,  600;  in  lt!30,  1,000;  in  1840,  6,071;  in  1845, 
10,000;  and  in  1850,  17,000;  showing  an  increase  of  near  200 
per  cent,  in  ten  years.  Steamers  arrive  and  depart  for  all  points 
on  the  lakes,  daily.  Cars  arrive  and  depart  daily  for  Cincinnati 
and  intermediate  pointi,  on  the  Columbus  &  Cleveland  raijroad; 
for  Toledo,  via  Toledo,  Norwalk  &  Cleveland  road;  for  Buffalo, 
via  Lake-shore  road  through  Er'.e  and  Dunkirk;  for  Pittsburg, 
Pennsylvania,  via  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  road  to  Alliance,  thence 
via  Ohio  St,  Pennsylvania  railroad;  and  to  Wheeling,  Virginia, 
via  Shelby  Junction,  Mansfield,  Newark,  and  Zanesville. 


EAT  LAKES 


ROrTK  OF  Tint  GREAT  LAKES. 


183 


>1ank  inBtcarf  of  being  puv.'il 
[urge  towiin,  and  is  tlie  priii- 
the  center  of  the  city  tlnri) 
liviiled  into  four  purlM  liy  in- 
,  county  oftices,  iind  »evcral 
iiro. 

'  extensive,  and  it  ranks  iis 
Its  natunil  advantiiges  for 
y  other  place  in  the  West 
ke  Erie,  it  is  connected  wiili 
I  canal,  and  with  the  interior 
nd  with  the  interior  of  Ohio, 
Cleveland  &  VVellsville  ridl- 
vestern  cities,  by  the  Toledo, 
1  Dunkirk  and  Buffalo,  N"W 
1,  thus  makinjr  it  a  printi|i;d 
•  froiK  the  East  to  the  West, 
estimated  at  about  $15,000,- 
lU  kinds  owned  here  Is  mor>) 

ly  handsome  structures,  and 
architectural  beniity:  among 
,  tile  Cleveland  Medical  Col- 
fellows  halls,  both  of  which 
hurches,  &c.  The  churchm 
il,  3  Methodist,  2  Baptist,  3 
Methodist,  1  German  Evan- 
rmed,  1  German  Mission  So- 
liurch,  1  Evangelical  Associ- 
Uvangelicul  Lutheran,  1  Se- 
1  Jewish,  2  Second  Advent, 
nerally  well  conducted,  with 
ince  and  comfort  of  the  trav- 
of  Cleveland  shows  a  remark- 
'96,  the  population  was  3;  in 
900;  in  1840,6,071;  in  1845, 
ing  an  increase  of  near  200 
rrive  and  depart  for  all  points 
d  depart  daily  for  Cincinnati 
umbus  &  Cleveland  raijroad; 
Cleveland  road;  for  Buffalo, 
and  Dunkirk;  for  Pittsburg, 
iburg  road  to  Alliance,  thence 
and  to  Wheeling,  Virginie, 
I  walk,  and  Zanesville. 


Ohio  City,  Is   situated   on   a  beautiful   and   commanding 

n,u..uc,e,  onpoH.to  Cleveland,  on  the  west  hunk  of  the  Cuyahoga 

U.     11  wLs  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1830,  and  now  coulu.ns  3 

l.unheH,    y\7.:    1    Methodist    I'.pi»e..pal,   1     •n-sbytermu,  and   1 

,i.-op»  ,  a  n..n.her  of  storen.  several   of  which  do  a  lar«e  and 

V.nsive  business,  and  a  population  of  :t,000.      1  he  Episcopal 

rhurch  of  -his  city  is  a  spLiidid  edifice,  ol  the   Ootl.ic   "'■■I.  r  of 

arrlntfc-ture,  and  will  compare  favorably  in   point  of   arch  U-ct- 

ur;d  beauty,  with  many  of  the  haudsomo  churches  in  our  ...rgo 

cities. 

Note. 

P«lne»vin«,  county  sent  of  Lake  county,  Ohio,  Is  beautifully  .Itu.tod 
ondmn.i  r'.vcr  thfee  milc«  from  Ita  mouth.  It  i»  a  strikli.frly  hand»o„.e 
Till..".,  a.o  hoUM.  being  all  neatly  an,!  t»-tefully  built,  »ith  ..rnanHUtal 
poeNns  attucbed.  In  the  center  of  the  town,  i«  .i  flu.  |  ..bl,c  ^luare  eompria- 
L  several  acre,,  acl  bana«n,nely  laid  out  »ith  tr.  -.  and  various  kmd.  of 
.hrubl».ry.  ?omc  of  Ih.  fln,..t  1  uildinRS  in  the  Unv„  front  on  this  square. 
raln.-,Tllleeont*iu.l  Mcthodl-t.  1  Kpi^ropal,  1  Diseiplos,  and  1  IVe^hyt.rian 
church,  a  clawlcul  wi.M«my,  1  bank,  1  newspaper  printing  office,  1  flour  u,'-  , 
20  store.,  and  a  population  of  2,000.  l-alneHvlUe  «,^  laid  out  in  the  y.ar  I 
under  the  name  of  Champion.  The  name  was  aub.equcntiy  -"'""'l^'"^ 
Palne,Tllle,  in  honor  of  General  Kdward  Paine,  a  revoluliouary  officer  of  hiuh 
reputation,  and  one  cf  the  first  settlers  of  this  place. 

Fnlroort,  three  miUa  below  raineaville,  at  tho  rnoiilh  of 
Grand  river,  is  a  fine  little  village,  havin|r  an  oxcelleut  In.rhor,  so 
well  defended  from  winds,  and  so  easy  of  access,  that  voss.;.  often 
,,Hl  in  here  and  lay  in  times  of  storms,  when  unable  to  m.ike  any 
other  port.  The  village  coi.tninH_3  forwanUng  housed  several 
stores,  and  a  population  of  about  250. 

Eric,  county  seat  of  Erie  countv.  Penmyhvmi.i,  lf»  beautifully 
situated  on  a  high  bluff  of  Presqne-lslo  Bay,  affording  a  lu.- view 
of  the  surrounding  country,  and  of  Lake  Erie  ii,  "'^.'l'^^^""' 
The  first  settlement  made  here  was  in  1  '9.;.,  >.y  Gcura  V\  Ilia  m 
Irvine  and  Andrew  Elliott.  In  the  year  IbSC,  the  l''';j  ;i  ;"''  ^ 
tion  raged  in  this  town  to  an  amazing  extent.  Real  estate  osom 
value  100  per  cent,  in  on^  day.  A  lot  of  (-'round,  «"W  "1  f  «'^'-;^  y 
for  SLOOoVwas  sold  the  succeeding  March  for  JIO-O""-  _,,;'"» 
iontiaied  Sometime,  and  being  based  on  real  ""dtX^uT^ 
nevei  retrograded.  The  excitement,  however,  naturally  settled 
down  in  time,  and  the  busiuesa  became  ateady. 


J 


I 


184 


ROUT';    or   TilK    ORKAT   LAKES. 


Erl.'  contninn  n  ro.-,i ,  boii«p,  j«il.  nnd  ooinity-ofRrM,  tii«  Erl» 
Bunk,  «  f.Mm.l.'  Hoi..iu,,M  ,  7  cl^nrohi'M,  th^  Kri.l  Houhp,  a  i.|>leiM  id 
hotel  on  Ih.'  pliii.  of  il>''  Aslor  Mouse ,  nn  iicail^iiiy,  m-vrM  mill, 
aixl  fo.Mul.Mi.  H,  a  l;.ruT>-  m.iMl...r  of  Htor-s  and  a  i.O|.|ilatlo„  of 
4()0n  T'  ■  town  of  Krie  is  the  \>h\cr  were  Commodoro  lorry 
b.illt'nn  ■  nilppo.l  1m.-<  tl'-et,  prrpiintory  to  his  .•ngnifinpnt  with 
tl„.  Hritisi.  A.linin.l,  liarrlay.  TI.e  tl.-.t  wan  l.roiigat  in  her. 
af'er  It "  vii  tory,  aii.l  tlic  retiialiiM  of  llie  flan-sliip  l.awrenee  nr« 
now  I  .  !.e  h.mm.  lyint;  l>"r.'  rotting.  Pieces  ar^  coiiHtai.tly  be,,,;; 
cut  t-OTi  it,  bv  viHitors,  as  relics  of  lliis  memorul)le  pveiit.  Meam- 
iTrt  ply  aaily  to  and  from  all  important  places  on  tli-;  lft);e.  SlHees 
leave  (tail /for  I'lttsbi-ri;,  Pennsylvania,  an.l  cars  for  nnfTalo, 
New  York,  an.l  Cleveland,  Ohio.  The  Lake-shore  road,  connect- 
ing  Clevlund  witit  ;'.iftUlo,  passes  through  Lrie.  A  road  is  also 
nrojocted  hence  U-  1    Ksburg. 

IMinklrll,  ":    -  l^d  o"  I'Oke  Erie,  In  Chatauque  county, 
New  York,  is  a  line,  tonrishing  village,  destined,  at  som«  fut.ire 
dav,  from  Us  ndvont.geous  position  and  <-xcellent  harbor,  to  h,- 
come  a  town  of  gn-at  commercial  importance.      I '''"P'^^'"  '•" 
tennination  of  the  New  York  &  Krie  lUilroad.  which  is  409  .n.le. 
olg   nn.l  the  most  in.portant  road  iu  the  country,  connecting 
I  "ir^  Krie  ilirectly  with  the  Atlantic  at  New  \  ork,  and  is  a  great 
tlwrouehfare  for  passengers.     The  Lake  road,  via  hrie,  Cleve^jiid, 
Noiwalk,  and  Tole.lo,  pusses  through  this  place,  also,  to  Buffalo. 
Thns  un i.ing  the  two  ends  nf  the  lake  in  iron  bonds  and  opening 
a  wnte   route  for  travel.     The  prospects  of  Dunkirk,  under  these 
circumstances,  are  very  flattering.       t  contains  3  ch"r  »,       »" 
academy,  20  ston.s,  two  or  three  mihs,  and  a  popula  lo.  of  1000 
Buffalo,  county  seat  of  Erie  county.  New  York.  Is  sttuated 
at  th" head  of  Niagara  river,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  »t  /he  western 
termU.  sof  tl  e  Erie  canal,  iu  latitude  42°  53'  north,  lo"elt«d«  f 
we"  from  Washington.     It  is  304  miles  from  Albany,  and  445 
from   New  York.      It  was  originally  laid  out  by  the  Holland 

tngeous  position  of  the  place  arrested  the  attention  of  Bettlers,  and 
tlie  town  began  .o  grow  with  increased  rapidity.  In  1825,  h. 
Eh,e  C ANAL  wi«. opened;  and  from  this  "^e  Buffdo  dates  «)^ 
commeftcen..nt  of  her  prosperity.  J''«  P^P^'^'^^'g^sf ^^ ^ 
2,412;  in  1835.  15.661;  in  1845,  29.773;  and  in  »»"•  *"^ 
Buffa  0.  from  its  situation,  commandi  a  fine  view  of  Lake  Erie. 


[iKEAT   LAKKS. 


1,  nnd  coiiiity-ofRneii,  tii«  Erl* 
hi'H,  tho  Kfiil  Hoii»e,  II  R|>leiiilid 
iiisi-,  mi  iiciiilfiiiy,  Bi'vpriil  inilli 
of  Btori's  iiml  II  poiiiiliitioii  of 
iihicr  wrri'  Comtiiodoro  IVrry 
r-itory  to  his  cngiiK.MiiPiit  with 
.'111!  tli'cl  wiiH  liroiiglit  ill  hi'r(> 
1  of  till-  flag-sliip  I.iiwrpiii'e  nr« 
^.  I'iocfH  an  coiiHliuitly  bj'ihj; 
tliin  ini'iiioruhUi  pveiit.  Stciim- 
tiiiil  pliU'cs  on  til'!  Iftl;e.  SlHgej 
ivlviiiii:i,  nii-l  curs  for  niiffulo, 
''I'lin  Luke-»ii»re  road,  coniuct- 
g  llirough  Lrit.'.     A  road  is  also 

;e  Erie,  In  Chatauqne  county, 
filla(;(-,  deHtined,  at  Home  future 
ion  and  excellent  hiirhor,  to  h«- 
1  iinportaiicis  This  plact^  h  the 
^.rie  Ituiiroad,  which  is  4G9  tr.iled 
Mid  ill  the  country,  connecting 
itic  ot  New  Yorlt,  and  is  a  greiit 
e  Luke  road,  via  Erie,Clevelund, 
jugh  this  place,  also,  to  Buffalu. 

■  lake  in  iron  bonds  and  opening 
•ospects  of  Dunkirk,  under  these 
g.     It  contains  3  churi-hes,  an 

mills,  and  a  population  of  1000 
e  county,  New  York,  Is  situated 
1  Lake  Erie,  aad  at  the  western 
itudo  42°  53'  north,  longitude  2= 
G4  miles  from  Albany,  and  «* 
rinally  laid  out  by  the  Holland 
progress  of   the  setilement  wm 

1812,  when  it  became  u  military 

■  rapid  increase.  The  next  year. 
l>y  tlie  British  and  Indians,  who 
vith  the  exception  of  two.  After 
•ecan  again  to  prosper,  the  adran- 
fsted  the  attention  of  settlers,  and 
ncreased  rapidity.  In  1825,  he 
from  this  time  Buffalo  dates  the 
iv.  The  population  in  1825,  wu 
7i  29,773;  and  in  1851.  50000. 
manda  a  fine  view  of  Lalw  t"*- 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MStO 

(716)  872-4S03 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


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Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


ROCTX  OF  THE  ORBAT  LAKKS. 


t88 


Niagara  river,  and  the  surrounding  countrv.  The  stre..  "  are 
generally  broad  and  regular;  many  of  them  being  100  feet  wide. 
There  are  three  public  squares — those  ouses  of  large  cities,  whose 
delightful  bowers  afford  a  pleasant  retreot  to  the  dust  weary  in- 
habitants. Tile  public  buildings  and  institutions  of  various  kinds, 
are  a  court-house,  jail,  and  county  offices,  4  markets,  30  churchen, 
for  the  various  denoniiuutions  of  ]3aptist,  Methodist,  Presbyterian, 
Episcopal,  German  Protentant,  Methodist  Protestant,  Uoiversalist, 
Unitarian,  Lutheran,  Bethel,  Roman  Catholic,  and  African:  thero 
are  also  2  orphan  asylums,  a  (heater,  several  banking  houses,  an 
academy,  50  public,  and  a  number  of  private  schools.  There  is 
also  a  Young  Men's  Association,  having  a  library  of  over  6,000 
volumes. 

The  harbor  of  Buffalo  is  formed  by  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  creek, 
and  is  considered  one  of  the  best  on  the  lake.  It  is  from  14  to  16 
feet  deep,  and  has  been  extensively  improved  by  the  general 
government.  There  has  been  a  pier  constructed  of  wood  and 
stone,  extending  1,500  feet  from  the  mouth  of  the  creek,  upon 
the  end  of  which  is  a  light-house,  20  feet  in  diameter  at  the  base, 
and  40  feet  high.  The  accumulation  of  ice,  arising  from  the 
frequency  of  westerly  winds  on  the  lake,  is  a  serious  inconvenience 
to  the  commerce  of  Buffalo;  and  it  is  sometimes  several  weeks 
after  the  lake  is  clear,  before  the  harbor  is  unobstructed.  Buffalo 
may  be  termed  the  great  gate  between  the  East  and  West, 
through  which  most  of  the  trade  passes.  In  connection  wiih  its 
lake  navigation,  it  has  communication  with  Albany  both  by  a 
cunul  and  railroad,  and  with  Boston  by  a  continuous  chain  of 
railroads,  525  milss  long,  with  New  York  city  dir^jct,  by  Buffalo 
and  New  York  city  railroad,  connecting  with  New  York  &.  Erie 
road  at  Hornellsville;  also  with  Black  Rock,  Niantra  Fallf),  and 
Lewistown;  with  Cincinnati  and  St.  Louis,  via  the  Lake-shore 
road,  passing  through  Dunkirk,  Erie,  PainesviUe,  Cleveland,  Nor- 
wulk,  and  '1  oledo,  thus  making  a  winter  route  around  the  lake, 
and  affording  means  of  rapid  communication  from  one  end  of  it 
to  the  other  during  the  suspension  of  navigation;  and  opening  a 
direct  and  continuous  line  of  railroad  communication  from  Buf< 
falo  to  Chicago,  via  the  Southern  Michigan  road.  There  is  alMO  a 
roud  under  contract  from  Bufihio  to  Detroit  direct,  through  Can- 
ada. The  cars  upon  the  Albany  &  Buffalo,  and  the  New  Yolic 
city  roads  leave  several  times  daily,  thus  affording  means  of  rapid 
transit  between  these  cities  and  Boston. 

Steamboats  leave  Buffalo  daily  for  Erie,  Cleveland,  Sandusky, 
Detroit,  .Chicago,  and  all  iutarmediato  points  of  importance  oa 
the  gKiit  chain  of  lakes. 


186 


ROUTE   OF   THK   HIAOARA   RIVKR. 


ROUTE  OF  THE  NUQARA  EIVER.      -^ 

Nlaeara  River,  connecting  Lake  Erie  wllli  Lake  Ontario, 
and  forming  ti.e  outlet  of  four  of  the  five  great  American  lake,, 
is  -M  miles  long,  from  40  to  60  feet  deep,  and  has  a  c"rre^t  (.nde- 
peudent  of  the  Falls.)  of  about  four  miles  an  hour.  At  "8  head  I 
Tabout  three-fourth,  of  a  mile  wide;  but  after  a  course  of  about 
ten  miles,  it  widens,  and  flowing  in  two  d.stmct  f  «»"^  |'./»7' 
Beveral  islands,  the  largest  of  which  is  Grand  Island.  12  miles  long, 
and  from  two  to  seven  miles  wide,  and  reaching  wilh.n  on«  and 
a  half  miles  of  the  Falls.  Navy  Island,  the  next  in  miportance,  If 
much  smaller;  aud  the  others  are  all  very  small. 

Fort  Erie,  situated  on  the  west  side  of  Niagara  river,  nearly 
opposite  Buffalo,  is  a  place  of  interest  to  the  reader  of  American 
History.  On  the  13th  of  August,  the  American  troops  under  the 
command  of  General  Gaines,  being  encamped  at  Fort  E"".  ''«'« 
attacked  by  «  British  force  numbering  nearly  twice  as  many  m 
the  Americans.  Fort  Erie  at  this  time  was  not  in  reality  a  fort, 
but  merely  an  encampment.  afTordir.g  the  Americans  no  particular 
advantage,  with  regard  to  position  or  defense,  more  t/'f '  »"  "P"" 
field.  The  following  account  we  abridge  from  a  detail  ot  tne 
battle,  in  Frost's  Remarkable  Evf.nts  in  the  Histom  of 
AmeHica,  by  an  officer  who  was  engaged  in  the  conflict : 

"On  the  eTening  of  the  fourUonth,  General  Oalnes  harlng  obienred  some 
signa  of  an  appronching  visit  ftom  the  enemy,  put  his  force  in  the  best  slto* 
tlon  for  giving  them  a  proper  reception. 

"Agreeably  to  theordem  of  the  Britifh  general,  the  attack  was  organiieU 

into  three  coTumn..    The  first,  consisting  of  detachni.nts  to  the  amount  of 

thl.-te«n  hanrtred  men,  was  placed  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Coloiicl 

Kicher,  of  the  King's  regiment.   Seven  hundred  picked  me  a,  nndur  Lieutenant 

Colonel  Drummond,  composed  the  second  or  center  cf.umn.    And  the  one 

hundred  and  third  regiment,  amounting  to  upward  of  eight  hundred  men, 

under  the   command  of  Colonel  Scott,  constituted  the  third.     The  pointo 

against  which  these  columns  were  to  move,  wen^  respectively  the  left  flank,  tho 

fort,  and  the  line  between  the  fort  and  the  lake ;  and  the  time  fixed  for  the 

enU-rprisc  was  an  early  hour  on  the  morning  of  the  fifteenth.    Accordingly, 

about  an  hour  and  a  half  before  day,  tho  approach  of  au  enemy  was  diiooT- 

ered  on  the  road  west  of  Towson's  battery,  and  immediately  after,  the  lines 

on  that  quarter  were  furiously  a«.aulted  by  the  enemy's  first  or  «i«ond  column. 

The  tnfantry  of  our  left,  consisted  at  tho  Umc,  of  the  twenty-tlrat  nsta)i«M> 

under  the  commuid  of  Major  Wood,  of  tie  engineers;  who  inatanOy  tow  up 


his  lit 

charg< 

from  t 

sustaii 

for  a 

thoiigl 

ci>nUn 

"Th 
of  the 
by  the 
and  li 
distiD( 
from  t 
Dfatta 
of  deff 
tiecanii 
of  the 
andth 
ton's  a 
altogel 
men. 
the  ob 
to  hesi 
and  th 
mingli 
tho  en 
enemy 
had  a] 
places 
meant 
to  dis 
bowev 

"Th 
batter 
bastioi 
about 
some  I 
those  I 

"Th 
Intren 
two  f( 
days. 
pltMi 


1 


lRA  rivkr. 


ROUTE  OF  THE  KIAOARA  RIVER. 


187 


3ARA  EIVER. 

ike  Erie  with  Lake  Ontario, 
five  great  American  lakes, 
pp.and  l>as  a  current  (inde- 
iles  an  liour.  At  Its  head  it 
but  after  a  course  of  about 
wo  distinct  channels,  forms 
Grand  Island,  12  miles  long, 
d  reaching  within  one  and 
I,  the  next  in  importance,  if 
rery  small. 

side  of  Niagara  river,  nearly 
t  to  the  reader  of  American 
American  troops  under  the 
ncamped  at  Fort  Erie,  were 
g  nearly  twice  as  many  as 
lie  was  not  in  reality  a  fort, 
the  Americans  no  particular 
defense,  more  than  an  open 
bridge  from  a  detail  of  the 

ENTS     IN     THE     HlSTOM      Ot 

igcd  in  the  conflict : 

r»l  Oalnes  baring  ob»enred  some 
oy,  put  bin  force  in  the  boat  Bitn* 

gener»l,  Ibe  attack  wait  organlxeU 
of  detachnii'iits  to  tbe  amount  of 
10  commanil  of  LiBUtenant  Colouel 
ired  picked  me  o,  under  Ueutenant 

or  center  Cf  .umn.  And  the  on» 
»  upward  of  eight  hundred  men, 
>n«t;tutcd  tbe  third.  The  pointo 
wen!  respectively  the  left  Hank,  tho 
1  lake ;  and  the  time  fixed  for  the 
ing  of  the  fifteenth.  Accordingly, 
approach  of  an  enemy  wa»  dlicoT- 
y,  and  immediately  after,  the  Une« 

the  enemy's  first  or  second  oolumn. 
time,  of  the  twenty-flnt  nsiqient, 
t  engineen;  who  instanUr  drew  up 


r 


bis  line  in  the  space  between  the  battery  and  the  water,  and  receired  tbe 
charge  in  a  style  suited  to  Its  impetuosity  Cheeked  by  a  seasonable  volley 
from  this  corps,  and  a  shower  of  )(rap«  from  Tnwscin's  artillery,  the  enemy 
sustained  tbeccnflict  Imt  a  few  minutes,  and  fell  baik  In  consolidate  bis  ranks 
for  a  second  atti^nipt.  This,  however,  proved  equally  unsuccessful;  and 
though  it  was  followed  up  by  a  succession  of  desperate  charges,  our  column 
ounlinued  firm  until  the  enemy  was  in  a  condition  no  longer  to  givo  battlu. 

"The  firing  had  in  some  measure  subsided  on  tbe  left,  when  the  approach 
of  the  columns  under  Lieutenant  Colonels  Drummond  and  Scott  was  anounced 
by  the  fire  of  our  picket-guard  in  a  ravine  at  a  small  CIstanoe  from  our  right; 
and  In  less  than  a  minute  afterward  tbe  direction  of  tbe  two  was  plainly 
distingnisbable,  by  the  voice  of  their  officers— one  of  them  appearing  to  move 
from  the  ravine  toward  tbe  fort,  and  tbe  other  rapidly  approaching  its  point 
Df  attack  by  tbe  margin  of  the  lake.  This  flank  was  In  a  very  inefficient  stats 
of  defense,  and  as  this  circumstance  was  doubtless  known  to  the  enemy,  it 
tiecawe  doubly  necessary  to  make  timely  resistance.  Accordingly,  the  first 
of  the  two  was  promptly  met  by  the  fire  from  the  salient  bastion  of  the  fort, 
and  the  musketry  on  its  right  and  left,  that  on  its  right,  consisting  of  Bough- 
ton's  and  Harding's  volunteers,  and  that  on  the  left,  of  tbe  ninth  regiment; 
altogether  making  perhaps  one  hundred  and  sixty  or  one  hundred  and  seventy 
men.  Tbe  night  was  exceedingly  dark;  but  as  near  as  wo  could  judge  through 
the  obscurity,  the  last  column  did  not  continue  long  advancing — it  seemed 
to  faesttate  at  fifty  orsixty  yards  distance  —  remained  stationary  for  a  minute, 
and  then  began  to  recoil.  At  this  critical  moment,  loud  and  repeated  threats, 
mingled  with  much  confusion,  announced  the  unwelcome  intelligence  that 
tho  enemy  had  been  successful  In  carrying  the  bastion.  The  leader  of  the 
enemy's  column  was  killed,  and  nearly  all  bis  party  cut  to  pieces,  tK'fore  it 
hod  approached  near  enough  to  place  its  ladders,  or  avail  itself  of  tbe  open 
places  in  our  line.  Such  was  the  result  of  the  attack  at  tills  point.  In  the 
meantime  day  had  broken,  and  tbe  enemy,  notwithstanding  several  attempts 
to  dislodge  him,  was  still  in  possession  of  tbe  contested  bastion,  which, 
however,  he  derived  no  advantage  from. 

"The  column  of  Colonel  Scott  being  now  routed,  tbe  guns  of  the  Douglas* 
battery  were  so  directed  as  to  cut  oil  all  communication  between  theoontested 
bastion  and  tbe  eneuiy's  reserve  — and  a  party  of  desperate  fellows  were 
about  to  rush  In  and  finish  the  work,  when  a  spark  twing  communicated  by 
some  means  to  an  ammunition  chest  under  tbe  platform,  tbe  bastion,  with 
those  in  It,  were  blown  into  tbe  air  together. 

"This  ended  the  fight  for  tbe  time  being,  and  the  enemy  retired  to  prepare 
Intrenchments.  Tbe  Ainc^ricans  also  were  strengthening  their  defenses.  The 
two  forces  thus  lay  within  two  miles  of  each  other,  for  the  space  of  thirty 
days.  The  time  was  occupied  in  skirmishes,  but  no  decided  «Bg>gement  took 
place  unta  the  17th  of  September. 


..w/ 


m» 

■ '.       _„~>  ,ii>trihutcd  to  the  different  corpi 

..  AccorainglT,  on  thi,  date,  "f  ;'^7;^,^  "^^h tnl-n'tion.  .nd  b,  x««lT 
of  the  Americau  force,,  to  ""PP'^  f^';';;';„,  „,  ^wo  o'dock  P.  M.,  of  th. 
to  march.  The  order  «»«;«"  y"*^!^^  ";„,„„.„,,  „„a„  Uenor.U  Port.r 
.a^eday.tho  army  heU,«  formed  "  "  ;,;  \;7^,,„,e„a  upon  the  enemy. 
„a  .Miner,  m.^  o»t  °  ;-7P^^f:l',':;i,,e</«*..«rthronghth.wood^ 
The  column  of  General  I'orte  "'«^1^'' J"  ';  ^^^^,  th,*  of  Generri  Miller 
,„  order  to  gain  ^^e  enemy  -=^-»  ,^„  ,„  ,  „,,„,  .^ 

pa..ed  along  the  Bk.rts  of  """'r^' ""  „,  ,^„  eame  on,  which  continued 
^hile  thl.  wa,  taking  place  -  ^^  ^  '^'^^  ^„^^,  ,,,,,„.  „^u  our  opera- 
during  the  remainder  of  the  dW .  «  "  ^^^  ,t,  destination  with  .nch 

«„n,;  the  »'7» ;;.7j:^jrtd^,C^-d  hy  the  enemy  till  *e  r«. 
«,crecy  and  add.e»«,  that  he  w««  ^^^^  ^  ^,^^  ^.^^^  ,„„ounced 

upon  them  within  P''--^  '  °     ,^,1      „ine  in  which  he  lay  concealed,  and 

'- ir  "hSer  :h:Su:  -«  -  «comp.i.h..  the  -m, 

„,re.ted  again  ^^^^^^  ,„,,,  „f  the  enemy,  m.y 

ThiB  battle  consWer  ng  the  ^.t  achievement,  of  the  war  ; 

SjThfs1rJu?:;olo?y  foTtle  lengthy  accouut  which  we  have 

«'B;^URocR,th.emih.„.Utor^.^^^^^ 

Sa°;;;stUTS./"L  ""-»«'  of  «tore.aad  a 

P^^Sk^R^'Sdestroyed  by  the  British,  daring  the  war  of 

^812.  .  „„„  „iila<re  on  the  Canada  side,  situated 

JyTpSBlcVRTc'l:!Sromwhichaferry  p^^^ 

few  minutes  during  the  day.  ^^^^  ^^  ^^ 

Chippewa,  a  •""»»!  y'""f«  °J*,,;"of  „  ,„cmorable  military 
river,  is  celebrated  as  ben  g  ^be  ^^^'^^  g^n^i^.  The  Britis^ 
engagement,  during  the  last  war  wu  p     ^„,„„„a  ^nd  Rya", 

forces  under  the  •=°'"'"""\°JdSd«ri»g  the  peninsular  war, 
were  all  veteran  troops  wliohadjrveUB^  ^.^^  ^^^^^^    ^^ 

were  con"'i«™^jr'"^'^'"'?ent   "he  British  formed  their  plan 


appr< 
Tl 
callei 
Ame 
dicul 
of  w 
has  I 
the< 
with 
fron 
onw 


K   RIVI.R. 


ROUTE   OF   THE   HXAOABA   BIVKB. 


189 


ributcd  to  the  different  corpi 
fith  »mmunlUon,  and  be  ie»dy 
nd  ixttwo  o'dock  V.  M,  of  the 
olunins.  under  Ucncrsln  Porter 
3d  wlvanctd  upon  the  enemy. 
r»hle  (fcfe'ur  through  the  woods, 
;,  while  that  of  General  Miller 
waled  itMlf  in  a  ravine  aboTe. 
rain  eame  on,  which  continued 
effect,  howeter,  upon  our  operv 
lached  its  destination  with  such 
Bred  by  the  enemy  till  *e  rose 
As  soon  as  the  flrin(?  announced 
,e  in  which  he  lay  concealed,  and 
rhich,  being  carried,  their  whole 
e,  was  in  a  few  mlnntcB  in  our 
ng  thus  accomplished,  the  army 

ar  force  of  the  enemy,  may 
it  achievemeiita  of  tlie  war  ; 
;hy  account  wliicli  we  have 

h  of  Buffiilo,  on  the  Niagara 
le  village.  It  U  situated  on 
'aUs  Railroad,  and  has  a  good 
ry  sized  vessel.  The  village 
,  a  number  of  stores,  and  a 

0  British,  during  the  war  of 

on  the  Canada  side,  situated 
from  which  a  ferry  plies  every 

1  the  Canada  side  of  Niagara 
one  of  a  memorable  »n»>'»'y 
th  Great  Britain.  The  Brit.sh 
lerals  Druminond  and  Ryan, 
i^ed  during  the  neninsular  war, 
n  numbers  far  exceeded  the 
tlie  British  formed  their  plan 
their  own  grouud-an  open 
Bliicle  stump  was  to  M  seen, 
The  battle  ended  In  •  complete 


victory  on  the  part  of  the  American  forces;  and  such  wa« 
tlie  discomfiture  of  the  em-my,  that  nothing  could  imiuco  them  to 
trv  the  fate  of  another  buttle.  The  most  ol  tliis  battle  was  fought 
bv  BriBBdier  General  Scott,  the  distiiiguisUai  hero  of  Lerro 
Gordo  and  Chapultepic.  No  battle  during  the  war,  could  be 
more  satinfactory  to  American  valor  than  the  battle  of  Chippewa. 
The  advantages  were  all  with  the  British.  Their  troops  were  all 
regulars;  ours,  part  regulars  and  part  volunteers.  Theirs,  were 
•he  heroes  of  an  hundred  battles  ;  ours,  new  recruits,  who  had 
Karce  ever  handled  a  inusket.  The  ground  too  was  of  their  own 
choosing,  as  well  as  the  time  of  engaging.  Yet  we  see  them  most 
siirnullv  defeated;  and  in  view  of  this,  there  can  be  but  one  opinion; 
and  that  is,  that  the  superior  intelligence  which  characterizes  the 
American  soldier,  will  always  triumph  over  the  mere  anwnal 
courage  of  the  European. 

Niasnra  Falls,  a  small  village  in  Niagara  county,  situated 
at  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  and  at  the  termination  of  the  Buffalo  and 
Niaiiara  Falls  railroad.  It  contains  two  or  three  churches, 
8  hotels,  several  Sthools,  half  a  dozen  mills,  about  lo  stores,  and  a 
population  of  1,000.  This  village  derives  its  interest  from  lU 
proximity  to  nature's  great  master-peice  of  grandeur  and  sublimity. 
Niasara  Falls,  over  which  flows  the  greatest  body  of 
fresh  water  ou  the  face  of  the  globe,  is  justly  cousidercd  the  most 
maenlficent  cataract  In  the  world.  The  sight  of  this  vast  sheet 
of  water,  at  once  inspires  the  beholder  with  feelings  of  admiration 
mlnuled  with  awe;  and  the  mind  Is  deeply  imbued  with  lofty 
conceptions  of  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  natures  works. 
There  are  many  cataracts  having  a  greater  perpendicular  hight 
than  Niaeura,  but  none  that  discharges  such  an  immense  volume 
of  water,  and  Is  accompanied  by  such  sublime  and  varied  scenery. 
The  roar  of  this  mighty  fall  of  water  can  be  distinctly  heard, 
no'der  favorable  circumstances,  for  a  distance  of  15  miles  ;  and 
the  firm  earth  may  be  felt  to  tremble  as  though  palsied  by  the 

apprehension  of  another  deluge.  .      .,- 

The  Falls  are  divided  by  a  small  island  containing  about  7.'  acres, 
called  Goat  Island.  The  divisions  are  termed  respectively  the 
American,  and  Canada  Falls.  On  the  American  side,  the  perpen- 
dicular fall  Is  greater  than  ou  the  other  ;  but  the  quantity 
of  water  discharged  is  much  the  largest  ou  the  Canada  side.  It 
has  been  estimated  that  seven-eights  of  the  water  discharged  is  on 
the  Canada  side  of  Goat  Island  A  bridge  connecting  Goat  Island 
with  the  main  land  on  the  American  side  has  been  constructed, 
from  which  the  visitor  may  gaze  at  the  foaming  waters  hurrying 
onwftrd  into  the  abysB  below.        ri-^^-<-y^     >.• -r 


BOUTK  OF  THK  NIAGARA  MVK». 


190  

th«l  of    the  C«nadi..n.   «'"»  „^"  'f  j  ^^^  rutire  F»lU  ut  one  li.ne, 
1 5ri  feet.     The  hest  v.ew  obtau.e.l  of  the    u  ^^^^^  g,^^„ 

U  fro...  Tublo  R<m;  bu  »  '"^^  J;°;,°k^iu,  u  from  the  ferry  ; 
«ay.  T1.0  beHl  ^l";"' "^ '^tt  "lew  irobtauicd  from  Oo«t  Uland. 
and  of  the  ra,.ids  above, "'«  "J"'^'!]'  ' i  i«,„„a  to  the  botton.  ol  Iho 
Tbere  U  a  wi..di..g  »,^,^''7"  ^/J^Bi  idle,  by  which  viMlors  .....y 
Falls,  which  wa8bu.lt  by  No. ob^l^am.^  Cast  sheet  of  watrr. 
deseed  below  the  bank,  and  ^c""^  «"  ,     ^t^jrcase,  one 

There  are  three  P»th«,,'«'«''?f  j^"hoe  FaUrthe  second  to  the  river 
of  which  leads  »» '''"  ^1?^/^  or  c"ve  of  the  Wi.,ds.  This 
below,  and  the  other  »»  ^°  "'  r^',,^  90  feet  high.  It  Is  situated 
cave  is  125  f««\l»"g:,^"/t„\rrfeit  Id  Is  remurlcable  on  account 
im.nediately  behind  '''«  Center  FaU^a..dt^^^  ^^^^^^^  ,^ 

Sa?u''S;  ^^^^  S^t-o  Scead  behind  the  sheet  of 

river,  two  and  a  half  -"-^''£^^,^000:  ?twal  built  by  Mr. 
the  head  of  the  rapids,  abf'«  "'«  ^  '""f  about  $200,000.  From 
Charles  EUet  of  J^Jj'tlCg  and  in  brt'h  8  fee].  It  U  sus- 
pier  to  pier  it  is  «00  'eel  long,  u.m  ^^^^^^ 

pended  on  eight  wire  «f' «"' [»"' ?"i,f  „"  hea^  Umber.  The 
Sver  towers  fi^yrf-^/^tSolSg  for  constructing  a  larger 
present  structure  is  only  the  «^™°'""'8  t-,     ,^^6,^  for 

Lldge,  intended  for  .he  passage  of  ra.l  oad  c  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^.^^ 

the  largo  bridge  «'!''  '"^^'^f  *"  „  '"  a„d  composed  of  72  strong 
Each  of  the  cables  '«,  l'\^°^''* '"Ja^Vound  with  small  wire  three 
No.  10  iro.i  w.ro8,  cl°»f»y  .^^PPT  "  venU  injury  from  rust  or 
times  boiled  in  Unseed  oil,  ^.'"f^P^'iVg^after  parsing  over  the 
exposure  to  the  weather.  Jj^^^^'f  ^"'.oTld  m^asonry.  fifty  feet 
piers  on  the  banks,  are  ^''''^  »"°''°'ui„  .  form  the  sides,  are  com- 
Uk  of  the.u.  The  •««P"«'f 'j  l^^%  l^Zd  a  half  feet  apart 
C'br^g^isUrsSr^eet"  atoVe  L  water,  and  is  a  wonder 

alike  of  enterprise  and  art 

JH.T.KK...N  BK.noK.is  f -|^ ."f -^sK  GoV^n^^^ 

It  is  300  feet  lo..g.     U  ""t^"''"  [^hoe  Fall      At  the  very  verge 

sr-'i  iu-Txt-  'i^"'^'"»  -^  "■" """ 


oenten 

grande 

The 

l^en  o 

TUK 

large  < 
on  the 
The 
to  see. 
celebrt 

fiOLE, 

SrRiNO 

the  io^ 

intoree 

Ia: 

of  Nl 
churcl 
terian, 
about 
The 
and  w 
Lewis 
Canad 

high  I 

m«ota 

heroic 

head 

erect« 

stone. 

ThI 
Amer 
Rensa 
and  tt 
once  I 
woun 
loBtn 

Bai 
fough 
westv 

In 
Gene 
Brow 

hMTl 
MCM 


ROVTB  or  TBC   MIAOABA  RITIB. 


191 


[A  MVB». 

ioaii  Fall,  «•  164  feet,  aifd 
Great  Horse*hoo  Fall,  »s 
,  entire  Falls  ut  one  litne, 
m  of  this  Ims  lately  given 
Falls,  in  from  tlio  ferry  ; 
jbtaiuud  from  Gout  Inland. 
iHland  to  tlio  bottom  of  the 
lie,  by  which  visitors  niuy 
the  vast  sheet   of  watrr. 
I  foot  of  the  staircase,  one 
fall,  the  second  to  the  river 
Cave  of  the  Winds.    This 
30  feet  high.    It  U  situated 
i  ts  remarkable  on  account 
jonsUntly  play  through  it. 
lericun  side,  and  also  one 
Ide,  vvhere  the  visitor  will 
escend  behind  the  sheet  of 

the  elbow  of  the  Niagara 
.  Fulls,  spans  the  river  near 
rlpool.    It  was  built  by  Mr. 
Mt  about  $200,000.    From 
n  breadth  8  feet.     It  Is  bub- 
,  each  side,  and  which  pass 
lilt  of   heavy  Umber,     the 
ng  for  constructing  a  larger 
jlioad  cars.    The  lowers  for 
wsonry,  each  80  feet  high. 
.  and  composed  of  72  slroug 
round  with  small  wire  three 
prevenU  injury  from  rust  or 
jbles,  after  passing  over  the 
1  in  solid  masonry,  fifty  fee' 
ich  form  the  sides,  are  com- 
,  fo  ir  and  a  half  feet  apwt 

tht   water,  and  U  a  wonder 

e  a  structure  worthy  of  note- 
1  the  west  side  of  Goat  Island, 
shoe  Fall.  At  the  very  verge 
rocks.  Is  a  stone  tower  forty- 
i33,and  has  a  winding  staircase 
B  top,  from  which  the  vWtor 


oentemplatM  the  surrounding  scenery,  In  its  fullest  m'tjesty  and 
grandeur. 

The  obstructions  to  navigation,  occasioned  by  these  Falls,  hav* 
l^en  overcame  by  cunstrucliiiff 

Thc  Wklland  Canal.  —  'liiia  canal  is  large  enough  to  float 
large  class  vessels,  and  is  of  immeutie  importance  to  commercA 
on  the  lakes. 

There  are  several  places  of  note  that  the  visitor  should  not  fail 
to  see.  Amone  these  are  the  VVHiRbrooL,  said  to  resemble  tho 
celebrated  MaeTstrora  on  the  coast  of  Norway.  The  "Devil's 
fioLC,"  about  a  mile  below  the  Whirlpool,  and  the  BcaNiNO 
SraiNO,  on  the  Canada  side,  are  each  well  worthy  of  a  visit,  by 
the  lovers  of  nature's  curiosities.  There  are  many  other  places  ol 
Interest  in  the  vicinity,  which  we  have  not  space  to  enumerate. 

I<ewiStOll«  situated  on  the  Niagara  river,  seven  miles  north 
of  Nitigara  Falls,  is  a  flourishing  village,  containing  several 
churches,  Baptist,  Metliodist,U,'-",eraaJist.  Episcopal,  and  Presby- 
terian, an  academy,  two  or  three  mills,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
about  1,00U  iuhabltanU. 

There  l»  a  railroad  connecting  this  place  with  Niagara  Falls, 
and  with  Lockport.  There  is  also  a  ferry,  which  piles  between 
Lewlston  and  Queenstowu,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  in 
Canada. 

4|a«enStOWn,  situated  opposite  Lewlston,  in  Canada,  on  « 
high  and  rocky  eminence,  was  tlie  scene  of  some  bloody  engage« 
meats,  during  the  war  of  1812.  It  was  here  that  the  brave  and 
heroic  British  Ge><eral  Brock  fell,  while  gallantly  charging  at  the 
head  of  his  column.  The  legislature  of  Canada  West  hava 
erected  a  monument  dedicated  to  his  memory  ;  it  is  buiit  of  free- 
stone, 126  feet  high,  and  20  feet  square  at  the  base. 

This  battle  was  fought  on  the  13th  of  October,  1813.  Th* 
American  forces  were  under  the  command  of  Major  General  Van 
Rensselaer,  who,  owing  to  the  tardiness  of  his  reinforcements, 
and  the  lack  of  ammunition,  was  compelled  to  retreat,  after  having 
once  driven  the  enemy  from  the  bights.  The  loss  in  killed- and 
wounded  was  nearly  the  same  on  both  sides,  but  the  Americans 
lost  many  prisoners,  among  whom  were  about  60  oflicers. 

Battle  ov  Bhidgb water  or  Ldndv's  Lane. — This  battle  was 
fought  on  an  obscure  road  called  Lundy's  Lane,  about  half  a  mil* 
westward  from  Niagara,  on  the  25th  of  July,  1814. 

In  this  engagement  too  much  praise  cannot  be  awarded  to 
General  Soult,  upon  whom  the  command  devolved,  after  General 
Brown  was  wounded ;  and  he  has  always  been  cherished  in  the 
hauls  at  his  oonntrymen,  as  the  "  Hero  ov  LtiNov's  Lane."  Ill* 
rscant  exploits  in  Mexico,  hava  stamped  him  as  on*  of  tfa*  ablest 
13 


I9J  KOCTB  or  TH»   OMAT   LAKM. 

■otiiiug  to  fear,  no  long  b»  W  inhki.o  «= 

•T^iir  ^*  *1T-  c.»a..  u  .«.u,  ^ 

Youiigstown.  Nlaeara  river,  la  «  pl«» 

Fort  Niagara,  at  the  mouth  «J  N'^f'^^blch  have  tran.- 

of  uJlerest.  ou  account  of  ^^  uL «  bJ  "h-  enimy,  and  again 

pired  here.     It  haa  twice  bee"  taken  by  t  ;  connected 

to  relate. 


::■»*»■ 


KOTJTB  or  THE  GBEAT  LAKES, 

(RESUMBD.) 

I.aue  Ontario  the  fifth  arj  last  of  the  Kj^^^;'.:^, 

NoaTH  AMMicAN  Lakm.  l»|^Wn.le.ioig.^^^^^^^ 

S  la  wmeplacea  more  InaubOO  feet  deep.    ^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^ 

below  that  of  Lake  tri«.  ««'^,»»  sKwwnce.  It  U  navigable 
Atlantic  '>^^f\^^''Zttc^llioixZ''Oixnt  of  lU  great  depth, 
for  vessels  of  ^he  large"  «''^'»^*^^;  ,5,^3  all  the  others,  abounds 
,,  «ldom  obstructed  by  celh^sWe«Jj  ^^^^^  Uke,  though  not  so 
la  myriads  of  hsh.  \ "«^'*'JI"'" ,,  considerable.  Hundreds  of 
extensive  as  that  -^  1^^«  ^^  JA  ''loujh  their  way  through  lU 
vesseU  and  steamers  """'''j'^^/weit  to  various  porU  In  New 
waters,  bearing  tlie  produce  of  the  we.       ^^^  ^J         ^^  ^^^ 

York  and  Canada.    It  »« J*"""*""^    j^er.    This  lake  Is  gener- 
Oswego  and  Erie  canals  and  H„^^^  ^^^  ^ak,  Erie, 

idly  smooth,  and  U  far  less  I  aow  '"  ^.^^  ^„t^ 

Toronto,  the  Prt'^'P»'j»'?!2*jSi  fto  Inhabltwit..    It 
i.  .Uuated  on  Toronto  Bay  .and  has  '^^^^'^^  ^^^.i,,  tr«le. 


o 

the  I 
of  0 
a  eoi 
Itls 
81 
uate 
rio. 
the( 
falo 
three 
attac 
was 
Gen< 
Ihel 
ham 

H 

and 
the 
harb 
of  1< 
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Brlti 
cana 
■dm 


k- 


,T  LAKH* 


ROCTB  or  TBI  ORXAT  LAKES. 


193 


aid  our  country  ag^a  »>• 
CO  of  arnw,  we  shall  have 
coTT  huB  coinmaud  of  hor 

gara  river,  one  mile  from 
w  York,  U  a  amall  village 

inada,  U  dlrectiy  oppoalte 

)f  Niagara  river,  la  a  place 
ncldeuts  which  have  trana- 
,  by  the  enemy,  and  again 
3  many  legend,  connected 
lowever,  we  have  not  apace 


LEAT  LAKES, 

) 

1  last  of  the  great  chain  of 
ea  long,  55  mile,  brwul,  and 
deep.  Its  altitude  l»  331  feet 
Bchargea  iu  watera  lnU»  the 

Lawrence.  It  U  navigable 
III  account  of  lU  great  depth, 
lie,  like  all  the  others,  abound* 

of  this  lake,  though  not  *o 
I  considerable.     Hundreda  of 
loueh  their  way  through  lU 
West  to  varloua  porU  In  New 
«i  with  the  Atlantic,  by  the 
>n  river.    Thia  lake  to  gener- 
I  atorma  than  Lake  Erie, 
wrclal  city  of  Canada  Weat, 
)  about  20,000  Inhabitant*    It 
8  a  large  and  extenalve  trade, 
d  preaenU  a  fine  appearance. 
M  to  the  north-eaat  of  Toronto, 
n  in  Canada  Weit.  ^ 

andaor,  also  on  the  lake  ibore,  | 
noilaeaaWlndior.  ^ 


OSWCffO,  situated  on  both  iide«  of  the  OaweRO  river,  and  at 
the  northern  termination  of  the  Oswego  cnnal,  is  the  connty-aeat 
of  Oswego  county.  New  York.  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  having 
a  good  harbor,  and  contaliiK  6  churches,  and  4000  inhabitanta. 
It  ia  connected  by  railroad  with  Albany  and  Bnifalo  at  Syracuse. 

Sackctt'S  Harbor,  JefTerson  county.  New  York,  ia  ait- 
uated  on  the  south-west  side  of  Dlack  Kiver  Bay,  on  Lake  Onta- 
rio. The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best'on  the  lake,  and  the  trade  of 
the  town  is  considerable.  It  is  connected  with  Albany  and  Buf- 
falo railroad  by  a  branch  unitiue  at  Rome.  It  contains  two  or 
three  churches,  and  about  20()0  inhabitants.  This  village  waa 
attacked  by  the  British  on  the  39th  of  May,  1B13.  Their  force 
waa  greatly  superior  to  the  Americans,  who  were  commanded  by 
General  Brown.  After  a  hard-fought  battle  of  several  hours, 
the  British  were  compelled  to  retreat,  leaving  the  victory  in  the 
hands  of  the  Americans. 

Kingston,  aituated  at  the  north-east  end  of  Lake  Ontario, 
and  at  the  head  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  is,  next  to  Toronto, 
the  principal  city  of  Canada  West.  It  has  a  large  commodioua 
harbor,  is  neat  and  tastefully  laid  out,  and  contains  a  population 
of  10,000. 

During  the  war  of  1812,  it  was  the  chief  naval  station  of  the 
British  lake  fleet.  It  is  connected  with  Bytown  by  the  Rideau 
canal,  and  has  a  good  harbor  and  dock  yard.  The  canal  will 
admit  veasels  of  125  tons  burden. 


I 


mm 


mmsr. — 


